International Relations: The Key Concepts - YCIS

1 International relations : THE KEY Concepts . Featuring 150 entries, International relations : The Key Concepts is the essential guide for anyone interested in International a airs. Com- prehensive and up-to-date, it introduces the most important themes in International relations , with an emphasis on contemporary issues. Entries include: diplomacy loose nukes global warming United Nations terrorism security human rights arms control rogue state ethnic cleansing O ering suggestions for further reading as well as a unique guide to Internet web sites on International relations , this accessible handbook is an invaluable guide to a rapidly expanding eld, ideal for the student and non-specialist alike.

2 Martin Gri ths is Senior Lecturer in the School of Political and International Studies at Flinders University, Australia. He is the author of Fifty Key Thinkers in International relations , also available from Routledge. Terry O'Callaghan is Lecturer in the School of International Studies at the University of South Australia. ROUTLEDGE KEY GUIDES. Routledge Key Guides are accessible, informative, and lucid handbooks, which de ne and discuss the central Concepts , thinkers, and debates in a broad range of academic disciplines. All are written by noted experts in their respective subjects. Clear, concise exposition of complex and stimulating issues and ideas make Routledge Key Guides the ultimate reference resources for students, teachers, researchers, and the interested lay person.

3 Ancient History: Key Themes and Fifty Key Thinkers in International Approaches relations Neville Morley Martin Gri ths Business: The Key Concepts Fifty Major Economists Mark Vernon Steven Pressman Cinema Studies: The Key Concepts Fifty Major Philosophers (second edition) Dian Collinson Susan Hayward Fifty Major Thinkers on Education Cultural Theory: The Key Thinkers Joy Palmer Andrew Edgar and Peter Sedgwick Fifty Modern Thinkers on Education Joy Palmer Eastern Philosophy: Key Readings Oliver Leaman International relations : The Key Concepts Martin Gri ths and Terry O'Callaghan Television Studies: The Key Concepts Neil Casey, Bernadette Casey, Justin Key Concepts in Communication and Lewis, Ben Calvert and Liam French Cultural Studies (second edition).

4 Tim O'Sullivan, John Hartley, Danny Fifty Eastern Thinkers Saunders, Martin Montgomery and Dian Collinson, Kathryn Plant and John Fiske Robert Wilkinson Key Concepts in Cultural Theory Fifty Contemporary Choreographers Andrew Edgar and Peter Sedgwick Edited by Martha Bremser Key Concepts in Eastern Philosophy Fifty Contemporary Filmmakers Oliver Leaman Edited by Yvonne Tasker Key Concepts in Language and Linguistics Fifty Key Classical Authors R. L. Trask Alison Sharrock and Rhiannon Ash Key Concepts in the Philosophy of Education Fifty Key Contemporary Thinkers John Gingell and Christopher Winch John Lechte Key Concepts in Popular Music Fifty Key Jewish Thinkers Roy Shuker Dan Cohn-Sherbok Post-Colonial Studies: The Key Concepts Fifty Key Thinkers on the Environment Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Gri ths and Edited by Joy Palmer with Peter Blaze Helen Ti n Corcoran and David A.

5 Cooper Social and Cultural Anthropology: The Fifty Key Thinkers on History Key Concepts Marnie Hughes-Warrington Nigel Rapport and Joanna Overing International . relations : THE KEY Concepts . Martin Gri ths and Terry O'Callaghan London and New York First published 2002. by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE. Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001. Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2004. 2002 Martin Gri ths and Terry O'Callaghan All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

6 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Gri ths, Martin, 1961- International relations : the key Concepts / Martin Gri ths &. Terry O'Callaghan. p. cm. (Routledge key guides). Includes bibliographical references. 1. International relations Encyclopedias. 2. World politics . Encyclopedias. I. O'Callaghan, Terry, 1956 II. Title. III. Series. JZ1160 .G75 2002. 327 .03 dc21 2001038715. ISBN 0-203-40280-4 Master e-book ISBN. ISBN 0-203-40923-X (Adobe eReader Format). ISBN 0 415 22882 4 (hbk). ISBN 0 415 22883 2 (pbk).

7 CONTENTS. Preface vii Acknowledgements ix List of key Concepts xi Key Concepts 1. Appendix: International relations web sites 342. Bibliography 365. Name index 390. Subject index 392. v PREFACE. The discipline of International relations (IR) is the academic study of the origins and consequences (both empirical and normative) of a world divided among states. So de ned, IR is a very broad discipline. It includes a variety of sub- elds such as diplomatic statecraft and foreign policy analysis, comparative politics, historical sociology, International political economy, International history, strategic studies and military a airs, ethics, and International political theory.

8 In addition to its wide scope, the study of International relations is shaped by the interplay between continuity and change in its subject-matter. Accordingly, the contents of this book re ect both the scope of the discipline as well as dramatic developments in world politics that have taken place since the end of the cold war. The book is neither a dictionary nor a textbook;. rather, it combines the strengths of each. It contains 150 key Concepts that we believe all students in the eld should be familiar with as they confront the challenges of understanding our contemporary world. Within that list, the book includes analyses of the most important International organisations in world politics.

9 Each entry comprises a short essay that de nes the term and identi- es the historical origins and subsequent development of its use in IR. Where a term is controversial, we explain the reasons why. This book covers Concepts , institutions, and terms that, although well-established in their use, have been the focus of revision in their meaning or appli- cation to contemporary International relations . The book also includes numerous terms that have only recently joined the vocabulary of the discipline to describe new phenomena in world politics. Although each entry is self-contained, cross-references to other Concepts are fre- quent, and they are indicated by the use of bold type.

10 At the end of each essay we explicitly cross-reference the term to complementary Concepts discussed elsewhere in the text. In addition, we provide a short list of important further readings that can be found in the vii . bibliography. Finally, this book is unique in the Key Concepts series in providing its readers with a comprehensive guide to Internet resources and useful web sites that are indispensable research tools in the study of International relations . viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. We are indebted to Roger Thorp at Routledge for inviting us to write this book. Along the way we have bene ted from the advice and support of many colleagues in the eld, including George Crowder, Rick DeAngelis, Jessica Ellis, John Hobson, Darryl Jarvis, Anthony Langlois, Andrew O'Neil, Lionel Orchard, Samuel Makinda, David Mathieson, and Leonard Seabrooke.