Transcription of INTERNATIONAL STRATIGRAPHIC CHART
1 FamennianGivetianEifelianLochkovianPragi anFrasnianEmsianLudfordianGorstianHomeri anSheinwoodianTelychianAeronianRhuddania nP h a n e r o z o i cP a l e o z o i cPridoliLudlowWenlockLlandoveryUpper Upper MiddleMiddleLowerLowerUpper Upper MiddleMiddleLowerLowerP h a n e r o z o i cP a l e o z o i cM e s o z o i ~ ~ ~ ~ r e c a m b r i a n~63585010001200140016001800205023002500 2800320036004000~4600 Upper Ionian CalabrianSelandianTortonianSerravallianL anghianBurdigalianAquitanianYpresianChat tianRupelianPriabonianDanianThanetianBar tonianLutetianCampanianSantonianTuronian ConiacianAlbianAptianBerriasianBarremian ValanginianHauterivianMaastrichtianCenom anianPiacenzianMessinianZancleanGelasian P h a n e r o z o i cC e n o z o i cM e s o z o i ~ ~ ~ STRATIGRAPHIC CHARTI nternational Commission on MiddleLowerSeries 3 Stage 3 Stage 2 FortunianStage 5 DrumianGuzhangianStage 9 Stage 10 FloianDapingianSandbianKatianStage 4 Series 2 TerreneuvianFurongianCambrianOrdovician~ 503 ~ ~
2 510 *~ 515 *~ 521 * ~ 528 * ~ 492 *~ 496 *~ *ICSC opyright 2008 INTERNATIONAL Commission on Stratigraphy Subdivisions of the global geologic record are formally defined by their lower boundary. Each unitof the Phanerozoic (~542 Ma to Present) and thebase of Ediacaran are defined by a basal GlobalStandard Section and Point (GSSP ), whereasPrecambrian units are formally subdivided byabsolute age (Global Standard STRATIGRAPHIC Age,GSSA). Details of each GSSP are posted on theICS website ( ). Numerical ages of the unit boundaries in thePhanerozoic are subject to revision. Some stageswithin the Cambrian will be formally named uponinternational agreement on their GSSP limits.
3 Mostsub-Series boundaries ( , Middle and UpperAptian) are not formally defined. Colors are according to the Commission for theGeological Map of the World ( ). The listed numerical ages are from 'A GeologicTime Scale 2004', by Gradstein, Ogg, Smith, et al. (2004; Cambridge University Press)and The Concise Geologic Time Scale by Ogg,G. Ogg and Gradstein (2008).This CHART was drafted by Gabi Ogg. Intra Cambrian unit ageswith * are informal, and awaiting ratified (informal)HoloceneMiocene* Definition of the Quaternary and revision of the Pleistocene are under discussion. Base of the Pleistocene is at Ma (base of Calabrian), but may be extended to Ma (base of Gelasian).
4 The historic Tertiary comprises the Paleogene and Neogene, and has no official rank.
