Internet of Things (IOT) /M2M

1 Internet of Things (IOT) /M2M Abstract: - It has been estimated by GSMA (GSM Association) and Machina Research ( world s leading advisor on M2M, Internet of Things and big data ) that there may be 24 billion connected devices globally by 2020. Ericsson has projected this to be 50 billion. Such projections entice the industry to explore and tap a wide range of oppurtunities that the M2M (Machine to Machine) communication concept offers, enabling novel business cases, enhanced workflow, efficiency and improved quality of life. To understand the concept, brief of IOT ( Internet of Things ), M2M basic architecture & applications in different verticals, Global / Indian scenario has been described.

2 Prominent telecommunications standards bodies such as 3 GPP, ETSI, OneM2M and other SDOs are largely involved in providing recommendations and standards in the context of M2M. OneM2M is expected to release first set of workable standards in July 2014. [8] 1. Internet of Things (IOT) Communication between computers started with the Electronic data Interchange that made direct communication possible between two PCs. All the computers connected to the Internet can talk to each other. Use of mobile phones for connecting Internet has revolutionized the entire scenario. With Internet of Things the communication is extended via Internet among all the Things that surround us.

3 At the first look, it may appear that Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications and IoT denote the same thing. In reality, M2M is only a subset of IoT. IoT is a more encompassing phenomenon because it also includes Human-to-Machine communication (H2M). Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Location-Based Services (LBS), Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC), sensors, Augmented Reality (AR), robotics and vehicle telematics, which are some of the technology innovations that employ both M2M and H2M communications. Their common feature is to combine embedded sensory objects with communication intelligence and transporting data over a mix of wired and wireless networks.

4 A typical view of IOT is given in figure-1*. *Source IERC 2012, [3] Figure 1 The data so generated acts as vital input for intelligence for planning, management, policy, and decision making. Some of the important properties of Internet of Things are as follows:- A Unique Internet Address by which each connected physical object and device will be identified, and therefore be able to communicate with one another. A Unique Location can be fixed or mobile within a network or system (for example, a smart electricity grid) that makes sense of the function and purpose of the object in its specified environment, generating intelligence to enable autonomous actions in line with that purpose.

5 An Increase in Machine-Generated and Machine-Processed Information that will surpass human-processed information, potentially linking in with other systems to create what some have called "the nervous system of the planet." Complex New Capabilities in Security, Analytics, and Management, achievable through more powerful software and processing devices, that enable a network of connected devices and systems to cluster and interoperate transparently in a "network of networks." Time and Location Achieve New Levels of Importance in information processing as Internet -connected objects work to generate ambient intelligence; for example, on the Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) efficiency of a building, or to study soil samples and climatic change in relation to crop growth.

6 Enabling technologies for Internet of Things are sensor networks, RFID, M2M, mobile Internet , wired & wireless communication network, semantic data integration, semantic search, IPV4 / IPv6, etc. In wireless communication Wi-Fi, ZigBee, 6 LOPAN, Bluetooth technology may be used for short range connectivity of devices / devices to the gateway and GSM 2G/ 3G/ 4G or WiMax for connecting M2M gateway to server. IPV4 addresses are going to exhaust. Standarisation and adoption of IPV6 in telecom and ICT organisations will provide an opportunity of having billions of devices which can be IP enabled and seamlessly addressable through mobile or wired broadband connections.

7 Application areas of IOT: - Potential applications of the IoT are numerous and diverse, permeating intopractically all areas of every-day life of individuals, enterprises, and society as a whole. The 2010 Internet of Things Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) has identified and described the main Internet of Things applications, which span numerous application domains such as smart energy, smart health, smart buildings, smart transport, smart living and smart cities. Smart Energy Grid / Internet of Energy: - Concept of Internet of Energy requires web based architectures to readily guarantee information delivery on demand and to change the traditional power system into a networked Smart Grid that is largely automated, by applying greater intelligence to operate, enforce policies, monitor and self-heal when necessary.

8 This requires the integration and interfacing of the power grid to the network of data represented by the Internet , embracing energy generation, transmission, delivery, substations, distribution control, metering and billing, diagnostics, and information systems to work seamlessly and consistently. This concept would enable the ability to produce, store and efficiently use energy, while balancing the supply/demand by using a cognitive Internet of Energy that harmonizes the energy grid by processing the data , information and knowledge via the Internet . Internet of Energy will leverage on the information highway provided by the Internet to link computers, devices and services with the distributed smart energy grid that is the freight highway for renewable energy resources allowing stake holders to invest in green technologies and sell excess energy back to the utility.

9 A typical diagram of Internet of Things for Energy Applications is as given below in figure 2*:- Figure 2: Internet of Things embedded in Internet of Energy applications. *Source IERC 2012, [3] RFID and wireless sensor network, being important components of IOT are being described below:- Radio Frequency Identification (RFID):- RFID technology is a major breakthrough in the embedded communication paradigm which enables design of microchips for wireless data communication. They help in automatic identification of anything they are attached to acting as an electronic barcode. The passive RFID tags are not battery powered and they use the power of the reader s interrogation signal to communicate the ID to the RFID reader.

10 This has resulted in many applications particularly in retail and supply chain management. The applications can be found in transportation (replacement of tickets, registration stickers) and access control applications as well. The passive tags are currently being used in many bank cards and road toll tags which is among the first global deployments. Active RFID readers have their own battery supply and can initiate the communication. Of the several applications, the main application of active RFID tags is in port containers for monitoring cargo. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN):- Recent technological advances in low power integrated circuits and wireless communications have made available efficient, low cost, low power miniature devices for use in remote sensing applications.