Introduction to CAD/CAM

1 1 Introduction to CAD/CAMIITK ME 761A Dr. J. Ramkumar2 CADcanbedefinedastheuseofcomputersystems toperformcertainfunctionsinthedesignproc ess. CAMistheuseofcomputersystemstoplan,manag eandcontroltheoperationsofmanufacturingp lantthrougheitherdirectorindirectcompute rinterfacewiththeplant ME 761A Dr. J. Ramkumar3 From CAM definition, the application of CAM falls into two broad categories: monitoring and control .ComputerProcessProcess dataControl signalsComputerProcessProcess dataIITK ME 761A Dr. J. support application .Control signalsComputerMfg operationsProcess dataIITK ME 761A Dr. J. Ramkumar5 The Product Cycle and CAD/CAMI nordertoestablishthescopeanddefinitionof CAD/CAMinanengineeringenvironmentandiden tifyexistingandfuturerelatedtools, ME 761A Dr.

2 J. Ramkumar6 The Manufacturing ProcessThe Design ProcessSynthesis AnalysisThe CAD ProcessThe CAM ProcessDesign needsDesign definitions, specifications, and requirementsCollecting relevant design information and feasibility studyDesign conceptualizationDesign modeling and simulationDesign analysisDesign optimizationDesign evaluationDesign documentation and communicationProcess planningOrder materialsDesign and procurement of new toolsProduction planningNC, CNC, DNC programmingProductionQuality controlPackagingMarketingShippingTypical Product Life CycleIITK ME 761A Dr. J. Ramkumar7 Theproductbeginswithaneedwhichisidentifi edbasedoncustomers'andmarkets'demands. ME 761A Dr. J. Ramkumar8 Implementation of a Typical CAD Process on a CAD/CAM systemDelineation of geometric modelDefinition translatorGeometric modelDesign and Analysis algorithmsDrafting anddetailingDocumentationTo CAM ProcessInterface algorithmsDesign changesIITK ME 761A Dr.

3 J. Ramkumar9 CAD Tools Required to Support the Design ProcessDesign phaseRequired CAD toolsDesign conceptualizationGeometric modeling techniques; graphics aids; manipulations; and visualizationDesign modeling and simulationSame as above; animation; assemblies; special modeling analysisAnalysis packages; customized programs and optimizationCustomized applications; structural evaluationDimensioning; tolerances; BOM; communication and documentationDrafting and ME 761A Dr. J. Ramkumar10 Implementation of a Typical CAM Process on a CAD/CAM systemGeometric modelInterface algorithmsProcess planningInspectionAssemblyPackagingTo shipping and marketingNC programsIITK ME 761A Dr. J. Ramkumar11 Manufacturing phaseRequired CAM toolsProcess planningCAPP techniques; cost analysis; material and tooling programmingNC programmingInspectionCAQ; and Inspection softwareAssemblyRobotics simulation and programmingCAM Tools Required to Support the Design ProcessIITK ME 761A Dr.

4 J. Ramkumar12 Definitions of CAD Tools Based on Their ConstituentsComputer graphics conceptsDesign toolsGeometric modelingCADtoolsIITK ME 761A Dr. J. Ramkumar13 Definition of CAD Tools Based on Their Implementation in a Design EnvironmentDesign tools + ComputerHardware(control unit; display terminals; I/O devicesSoftware ( graphics ; modeling; applicationsprograms= CAD toolsIITK ME 761A Dr. J. Ramkumar14 Definitions of CAM Tools Based on Their ConstituentsNetworking conceptsMfg toolsCADCAM toolsIITK ME 761A Dr. J. Ramkumar15 Definition of CAM Tools Based on Their Implementation in a Manufacturing EnvironmentMfg tools + ComputerHardware(control unit; display terminals; I/O devicesSoftware (CAD; NC; MRP; )= CAM toolsNetworkingIITK ME 761A Dr.)))

5 J. Ramkumar16 Definitions of CAD/CAM Tools Based on Their ConstituentsMfg toolsNetworkingDesign toolsGeometric modelingComputer graphics conceptsCAD/CAMtoolsIITK ME 761A Dr. J. Ramkumar17 Definition of CAD/CAM Tools Based on Their Implementation in an Engineering EnvironmentDesign andMfg toolsHardwareSoftware = CAD/CAM toolsNetworking+ ComputerIITK ME 761A Dr. J. Ramkumar18 Geometric modeling of conceptual designIs design evaluation Possible with available Standard software?Design testingAnd evaluationIs final designApplicable?DraftingDocumentationPr ocess planningAre there manufacturing discrepancies in CAD databases?NC programmingMachiningInspectionAssemblyDe velop customized programs and packagesNoYesYesYesGeometric modeling and graphics packageDesign packageProgrammingpackageNoNoCAPP packageNCpackageInspectionAnd RoboticspackageTypical Utilization of CAD/CAM Systems in an Industrial EnvironmentIITK ME 761A Dr.

6 J. Ramkumar19 Automation and CAD/CAMA utomationcanbedefinedasthetechnologyconc ernedwiththeapplicationofcomplexmechanic al,electronic, ME 761A Dr. J. Ramkumar20 Types of Manufacturing ,plastics,petroleum, (withperhapslimitedmodelvariations).Exam plesincludeautomobiles, :books, ,oftenoneofakind, :prototypes,aircraft, ME 761A Dr. J. Ramkumar21 Production quantityContinuous-flow productionMass productionBatch productionJob shop productionProduct varietyIITK ME 761A Dr. J. Ramkumar22 CategoryAutomation achievementsContinuous-flowprocess Flowprocessfrombeginningtoend Sensorstechnologyavailabletomeasureimpor tantprocessvariables Useofsophisticatedcontrolandoptimization strategies FullycomputerautomatedlinesMassproductio nofdiscreteproducts Automatedtransfermachines Dialindexingmachines Partiallyandfullyautomatedassemblylines Industrialrobotsforspotwelding,parthandl ing,machineloading,spraypainting,etc.

7 Automatedmaterialhandlingsystems ComputerproductionmonitoringBatchproduct ion Numericalcontrol(NC),directnumericalcont rol(DNC),computernumericalcontrol(CNC). Adaptivecontrolmachining Robotsforarcwelding,partshandling,etc. shop production Numericalcontrol,computernumericalcontro lIITK ME 761A Dr. J. , ,considerthefollowingmathematicalmodel:C omputer Technology in AutomationIITK ME 761A Dr. J. Ramkumar24321 TBTBQTTTlc++=BQTQTTTlc321 cycle life its during product ofunit each on spent timeaverage The++==.product different each for once edaccomplish are that activities other theallfor andproduct thedesigningfor required timeThe3= ofbatch each for up setting and planning with associated timeThe2=Tcycle.

8 Lifeproduct t the throughouproduced batches ofnumber The =Bproduct. ofunit one produce torequired timeThe1= in produced units ofnumber The=Qcycle lifeproduct theduring time total=clTTIITK ME 761A Dr. J. Ramkumar25 Automation technology is concerned with reducingthe with emphasis on the unit production time CAD/CAM concerned with reducing all three terms, but is perhaps focused on terms. The emphasis in CAD/CAM includes the design and planning function of the product life most important term in mass production and batch production become very important in job shop ME 761A Dr. J. Ramkumar26 Advantages of CAD/CAM systems Greater flexibility. Reduced lead times. Reduced inventories.

9 Increased Productivity. Improved customer service. Improved quality. Improved communications with suppliers. Better product design. Greater manufacturing control. Supported integration. Reduced costs. Increased utilization. Reduction of machine tools. Less floor ME 761A Dr. J. Ramkumar27 Introduction to Geometric Transformation Computer graphics plays an important role in the product development process by generating, presenting, and manipulating geometric models of objects. During the product development process, for proper understanding of designs, it is necessary not only to generate geometric models of objects but also to perform such manipulations on these objects as rotation, translation and ME 761A Dr.

10 J. Ramkumar28 Introduction to Geometric transformation Essentially, computer graphics is concerned with generating, presenting and manipulating models of an object and its different views using computer hardware, software and graphic devices. Usually the numerical data generated by a computer at very high speeds is hard to interpret unless one represents the data in graphic format and it is even better if the graphic can be manipulated to be viewed from different sides, enlarged or reduced in size. Geometric transformation is one of the basic techniques that is used to accomplish these graphic functions involving scale change, translation to another location or rotating it by a certain angle to get a better view of it.