INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS - KSU

1 INTRODUCTION TOSTATISTICSMADE EASYSECOND EDITIONiProf. Dr. Hamid Al-Oklah Dr. Said Titi Mr. Tareq AlodatiiCONTENTsIntroductionChapter 1 Basic Concepts in and Type of and Experimental Studies17 Chapter2 Organizing and Graphing and Graphing Qualitative and Graphing Quantitative Data47 Chapter3 Numerical Descriptive of Central of of Plot112 Chapter4 Basic Concepts in Probability and Counting , Outcome, and Sample Multiplication Rules and Conditional and Counting Rules172 Chapter5 Random Variables and Their Probability Distribution of Discrete random The Mean and Standard Deviation for Discrete random to the Random Variable194 References (211) /Appendix A - Statistical Tables (213) /Dictionary (231).

2 IiiThe First EditionThe main objective of this book is to provide students of Preparatory Year Deanship, at King Saud University in Saudi Arabia, a textbook in STATISTICS . In fact, we found that most of the university STATISTICS books are almost too much pages long, contain more material than can reasonably be covered in one term, and they are not readable for most of our students. In addition, part of the material covered in these books is redundant and unnecessary. One of the most important features of this book is its readability, even for students who have weak reading statistical concepts.

3 The book is written in a way that in-duces students to read and understand. The sentences used are short and clear. The concepts are presented in a student-friendly manner using an intuitive approach, and the examples are carefully chosen to reinforce chapter opens with a list of objectives so that an instructor can tell at a glance what topics are covered in the chapter. In addition, students get an idea about the type of skills they should have acquired after studying the each section, there are a number of examples that have been worked out in a step-by-step detailed manner.

4 At the end of each section, there is a very carefully chosen set of exercises which cover all skills discussed in the section, and get the students thinking more deep-ly about the mathematics involved.. The exercises vary in difficulty and purpose. The reader will notice that the sets of exercises are much shorter than the tra-ditional sets of exhaustive drill and skill questions, which build skill devoid of understanding. In other hand the first three chapters are supported by statistical package SPSS that helps the students to analyze and find the concepts in such chapters.

5 The topics in this book are organized in five chapters. In Chapter one, we introduce the basic concepts in STATISTICS . Chapter two is devoted for organizing and graphing data set, and Chapter three is about numerical descriptive measure. Chapter four is concerned with basic concepts of probability and counting rule, and Chapter five is about random variables and their probability , we would like to thank his Excellency Dr. Nami Al Juhani, Dean of Prepa-Introductionivratory Year at King Saud University, Dr.

6 Abdulmajeed Al-Jeriwi, Vice Dean for Academic Affairs, Dr. Obaid Al Qahtani Chair of Basic Science Department for their continued sup-port and encouragement. Many thanks go to all other faculty members, who helped us dur-ing the writing process; their input made this a much better book. Last, but definitely not least, we would like to thank our families for understanding and patience while writing this , it is pleasure to thanks and regards the co-authors of this book for their non-stopped efforts to reach the point of publishing the book.

7 So, many thanks and respects to Prof. Mohammed Subhi Abu-Saleh, Dr. Sharhabeel Alaidi and Mrs. Dareen Omari for their unlimited useful feedback and for the remarkable touches. We also take this opportunity to express a warm gratitude to Mr. Anas S. Alakhras and Mr. Fadi Hassan for their help in publishing this book. The Authors March 10, 2014vThe Second EditionBased on the directives of the Department of Basic Sciences at the Deanship of the preparatory year in to develop some of the decisions of the books studied by the students of the preparatory year at King Saud University, it has included the development of the book INTRODUCTION to STATISTICS for authors Dr.

8 Said Titi, Khaled Khashan and Mr. Tareq this aim, it formed a committee composed of Prof. Dr. Hamid Owaid Al-Oklah, Dr. Said Titi and Mr. Tareq Alodat , so that the committee review the contants of the book and is interested in developing. In addition to that the design process is Assigned by book has been reviewing in question above by Prof. Dr. Al-Oklah and author Dr. Titi where corrected most of the typos that have been monitored, and corrected some of the concepts, and then added several paragraphs, examples and exercises necessary for the book, and delete others for lack of necessity, and moreover has been included Dictionary (English - Arabic)

9 For most of the scientific terms con-tained in this last we draw thanks to the Deanship of the preparatory year and also to the presidency of the Department of Basic Sciences specially for Dr. Obaid Al Qa-htani Chair of Basic Science Department for their trust in us in the development of this hope from God that we have been successful in our work and God Crown Dr. Hamid Al-OklahDr. Said TitiJune 22, 2015 IntroductionviPREFACES tatistics book covers many statistical fields.

10 Our life is full of events and phenomena that enhance us to study either natural or artificial phenomena could be studied using different fields of science like physics, chemistry, and mathematics. The goal of this book is to connect those concepts with the advanced statistical is used in a variety fields like business and engineering and science. We can sea there are many applications of STATISTICS in those fields, the applications of STATISTICS are many and varied; people encounter them in everyday life, such as in reading newspapers or magazines, listening to the radio, or watching television.