INTRODUCTION TO THE WATER CYCLE MODULE 5 …

1 CAPACITY BUILDING TRAINING FOR CATCHMENT MENTORS (CHAMPIONS) INTRODUCTION TO THE WATER CYCLE MODULE 5 (B) SECTION 2: LEARNERS GUIDE Integrated WATER Resources Management Strategies, Guidelines and Pilot Implementation in Three WATER Management Areas, South Africa Department of WATER Affairs and Forestry South Africa This report contains restricted information and is for official use only. Ref. J. No. 123/138-0154 Carl Bro a|sFPCD Date: September 2003 HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL SECTION 2: LEARNERS GUIDE: SEPT 2003 PAGE i INTRODUCTION TO THE WATER CYCLE : MODULE 5 (B) The content of this training material is in line SAQA guidelines THIS WORKBOOK BELONGS TO.

2 HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL This manual provides an INTRODUCTION to the WATER CYCLE . It provides the participants with the necessary information to enable them to understand the WATER CYCLE . They will also be able to identify the various forms of WATER and how these fit into the WATER CYCLE . It is expected of the participants to attend the training sessions and participate in all the exercises. It would be very useful to carefully study the whole manual. You are also welcome to make notes on this manual, as needed, in the wide right margin of each page. In addition, the results of the various exercises must be verified with the information in this manual.

3 You must make sure that you understand the work presented in the notes and never hesitate to ask questions. We hope you will enjoy this course and gain much from it. TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 2: LEARNERS GUIDE: SEPT 2003 PAGE ii INTRODUCTION TO THE WATER CYCLE : MODULE 5 (B) TABLE OF CONTENTS : WATER KNOWLEDGE _____ 1 : DEMONSTRATE KNOWLEDGE OF THE WATER CYCLE _____2 Background _____2 The WATER Cycle_____5 The Influence of the sea on Climate and Temperature _____6 The Elements of the WATER CYCLE : _____7 The Relation of the Elements to One Another _____9 WATER KNOWLEDGE SECTION 2: LEARNERS GUIDE.

4 SEPT 2003 PAGE 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE WATER CYCLE : MODULE 5 (B) ACTIVITY 1 Individual Instruction Study the above-mentioned WATER Knowledge Hand and rearrange the letters inside the brackets, in order to arrive at the correct answer. Without WATER everything will_____ (dei). As WATER is life, we must_____ (erpscet) WATER and use it wisely. That is the first step to WATER Knowledge. If you_____ (esu) too much WATER and don t conserve it, you are wasting a valuable natural resource. We must learn not to waste WATER , but rather to use it _____(snesbily).

5 This is the second step to WATER Knowledge. When you pollute a WATER source, you make it unhygienic and even dangerous for humans, animals and even aquatic fauna. Think of ways people pollute the WATER , and try to find a _____ (nltoisou) to the problem. This is the third step to WATER Knowledge. Why must we pay for WATER , if it falls as rain? In reality we pay for the infrastructure in order to be able to use the WATER . We pay people who look after rivers and _____ (msad), for WATER purification works, where WATER is _____ (dfriepui), and for infrastructure, which transport WATER to reservoirs, and our _____ (seshou).

6 This is the fourth step to WATER Knowledge. Action means doing. If you see an environmental problem, you must do something about _____ (ti). Many people know the answer. We must all conserve our WATER _____ (scrusoe). If we care about WATER , we must _____ (versenoc) and _____ (tectrop) the environment. This is the fifth step to WATER Knowledge. INTRODUCTION TO THE WATER CYCLE MODULE 5 (B) WATER KNOWLEDGE RespectDo not waste waterDo not pollutePay for waterProtect environmentRespectDo not waste waterDo not pollutePay for waterProtect environmentDEMONSTRATE KNOWLEDGE OF THE WATER CYCLE SECTION 2: LEARNERS GUIDE: SEPT 2003 PAGE 2 INTRODUCTION TO THE WATER CYCLE : MODULE 5 (B) DEMONSTRATE KNOWLEDGE OF THE WATER CYCLE The purpose of this unit is to create awareness of the natural WATER CYCLE and identify all the elements of the WATER CYCLE .

7 It will assist the participant in drawing conclusions from it and understanding the relationship between the various elements. BACKGROUND Matter and energy The earth is made up of two main Components namely: MATTER All matter on earth is made up of: for example: The air that we breath Other gasses. The WATER that we drink. Minerals such as gold, iron ore, copper Elements such as phosphates, calcium, etc. Soil, sand, stones, etc. ENERGY The most important source of energy is the sun. It provides: Photosynthesis in plants. Heating for our houses. Wind strengths.

8 Formation of fossil fuels such as coal and oil. To conserve matter and energy, materials must be reused or recycled. The various forms of WATER WATER can be found in a variety of forms: 1. WATER as a liquid 2. WATER as a solid 3. WATER as gas or vapour DEMONSTRATE KNOWLEDGE OF THE WATER CYCLE SECTION 2: LEARNERS GUIDE: SEPT 2003 PAGE 3 INTRODUCTION TO THE WATER CYCLE : MODULE 5 (B) ACTIVITY 2 Group work Come together in small groups of approximately five: Discuss the following questions and complete the table according to your answer.

9 Examples of WATER in nature that appears in the following conditions: WATER IN NATURE CONDITION EXAMPLES 1. Solids 2. Liquid 3. Gas/vapour When we transmit heat energy, ice melts into WATER and if there is enough heat, the liquid changes into gas/vapour. When heat is removed from WATER vapour the vapour will condensate into a liquid. If the cooling continues to below freezing, the liquid will turn into ice. Natural WATER Sources The earth s WATER comes in three zones: Atmosphere (in the air) Surface (on the ground) Underground About two thirds (71 %) of the earth surface comprises of WATER .

10 The following natural WATER sources appear on earth: 1. Ocean s and Sea s 2. Rivers, lakes or wetlands 3. Underground WATER DEMONSTRATE KNOWLEDGE OF THE WATER CYCLE SECTION 2: LEARNERS GUIDE: SEPT 2003 PAGE 4 INTRODUCTION TO THE WATER CYCLE : MODULE 5 (B) ACTIVITY 3 Individual Instruction: Carefully read the following advertisement. Answer the following questions in your workbook: The earth contains_____salt WATER found in_____ and_____. Fresh WATER amounts to_____ and is stored in_____, _____, _____, and _____.