IS 2911-1-3 (2010): DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF PILE ...

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2 > 0 B Bhart hari N ti atakam Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen Invent a New India Using Knowledge IS 2911-1-3 (2010): DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF PILEFOUNDATIONS CODE OF PRACTICE, Part 1: CONCRETE PILES,Section 3: Driven Precast Concrete Piles [CED 43: Soil andFoundation Engineering]IS 2911 (Part 1/Sec 3) : 2010 Hkkjrh; ekudikby uhao dh fMtkbu vkSj jhfr lafgrkHkkx 1 da hV ikbyvuqHkkx 3 iwoZ<fyr da hV dh fM ou ikby(nwljk iqujh{ )Indian StandardDESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF PILEFOUNDATIONS CODE OF PRACTICEPART 1 CONCRETE PILESS ection 3 Driven Precast Concrete Piles( Second Revision )ICS : BIS 2010B U R E A U O F I N D I A N S T A N D A R D SMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARGNEW DELHI 110002 May 2011 Price Group 9 Soil and Foundation Engineering Sectional Committee, CED 43 FOREWORDThis Indian Standard (Part 1/Sec 3) (Second Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, afterthe draft finalized by the Soil and Foundation Engineering Sectional Committee had been approved by theCivil Engineering Division find application in foundations to transfer loads from a structure to competent subsurface strata havingadequate load -bearing capacity .}

3 The load transfer mechanism from a pile to the surrounding ground iscomplicated and is not yet fully understood, although application of piled foundations is in practice overmany decades. Broadly, piles transfer axial loads either substantially by friction along its shaft and/or bythe end-bearing. Piles are used where either of the above load transfer mechanism is possible dependingupon the subsoil stratification at a particular site. CONSTRUCTION of pile foundations require a careful choiceof piling system depending upon the subsoil conditions, the load characteristics of a structure and thelimitations of total settlement, differential settlement and any other special requirement of a project. Theinstallation of piles demands careful control on position, alignment and depth, and involve specialized skilland standard was originally published in 1964 and included provisions regarding driven castin-situ piles, precast concrete piles, bored piles and under-reamed piles including load testing of the portion pertaining to under-reamed pile foundations was deleted and now covered inIS 2911 (Part 3) : 1980 Code of practice for DESIGN and CONSTRUCTION of pile foundations: Part 3 Under-reamed piles (first revision).

4 At that time it was also decided that the provisions regarding other types ofpiles should also be published separately for ease of reference and to take into account the recentdevelopments in this field. Consequently this standard was revised in 1979 into three section. Later, in1984, a new section as (Part 1/Sec 4) was introduced in this part of the standard to cover the provisions ofbored precast concrete piles. The portion relating to load test on piles has been covered in a separate part,namely, IS 2911 (Part 4) : 1984 Code of practice for DESIGN and CONSTRUCTION of pile foundations: Part 4 load test on piles. Accordingly IS 2911 has been published in four parts. The other parts of this standardare:Part 2 Timber pilesPart 3 Under-reamed pilesPart 4 load test on pilesOther sections of Part 1 are:Section 1 Driven cast in-situ concrete pilesSection 2 Bored cast in-situ concrete pilesSection 4 Precast concrete piles in prebored holesIt has been felt that the provisions regarding the different types of piles should be further revised to takeinto account the recent developments in this field.

5 This revision has been brought out to incorporate the present revision following major modifications have been made:a) Definitions of various terms have been modified as per the prevailing engineering ) Procedures for calculation of bearing capacity , structural capacity , factor of safety, lateral loadcapacity, overloading, etc, have also been modified to bring them at par with the present ) DESIGN parameters with respect to adhesion factor, earth pressure coefficient, modulus of subgradereaction, etc, have been revised to make them consistence with the outcome of modern research andconstruction practices.(Continued on third cover) d) Provision has been made for use of any established dynamic pile driving formulae, instead ofrecommending any specific formula, to control the pile driving at site, giving due consideration tolimitations of various ) Minimum grade of concrete to be used in pile foundations has been revised to M 25.

6 Minimum timeof curing before handling of precast piles has been precast concrete pile is a pile constructed in a casting yard and subsequently driven in the groundwith or without jetting, or other technics like preboring (depending on the conditions of soil) when the pilehas attained sufficient strength. By driving, the subsoil is displaced and remain in direct contact with thepile. These piles find wide application particularly for structures, such as, wharves, jetties, etc, to act as afree standing pile above the soil/water level or where conditions are unfavourable for use of cast recommendations for detailing for earthquake-resistant CONSTRUCTION given in IS 13920 : 1993 Ductiledetailing of reinforced concrete structures subjected to seismic forces Code of practice should be takeninto consideration, where applicable (see also IS 4326 : 1993 Earthquake resistant DESIGN and constructionof buildings Code of practice ).

7 The composition of the Committee responsible for the formulation of this standard is given in Annex the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the finalvalue, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis shall be rounded off in accordancewith IS 2 : 1960 Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised) . The number of significant placesretained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.(Continued from second cover) 1IS 2911 (Part 1/Sec 3) : 2010 Indian StandardDESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF PILEFOUNDATIONS CODE OF PRACTICEPART 1 CONCRETE PILESS ection 3 Driven Precast Concrete Piles( Second Revision )1 standard (Part 1/Sec 3) covers the designand CONSTRUCTION of driven precast concrete piles ofsolid section which transmit the load to the soil byresistance developed either at the pile tip by end-bearing or along the surface of the shaft by frictionor by standard is not applicable for use of drivenprecast concrete piles for any other purpose, forexample, temporary or permanent retaining REFERENCESThe standards listed in Annex A contain provisionswhich through reference in this text, constituteprovisions of this standard.

8 At the time ofpublication, the editions indicated were valid. Allstandards are subject to revision and parties toagreements based on this standard are encouraged toinvestigate the possibility of applying the mostrecent editions of the standards listed in Annex TERMINOLOGYFor the purpose of this standard, the followingdefinitions shall Allowable load The load which may beapplied to a pile after taking into account itsultimate load capacity , group effect, the allowablesettlement, negative skin friction and other relevantloading Anchor pile An anchor pile means a pilemeant for resisting pull or uplift Batter pile (Raker pile ) The pile which isinstalled at an angle to the vertical using temporarycasing or permanent Cut-off Level It is the level where a pile iscut-off to support the pile caps or beams or any otherstructural components at that Elastic Displacement This is the magnitudeof displacement of the pile head during rebound onremoval of a given test load .

9 This comprises twocomponents:a) Elastic displacement of the soil participatingin the load transfer, andb) Elastic displacement of the pile Factor of Safety It is the ratio of the ultimateload capacity of a pile to the safe load on the Gross Displacement The total movement ofthe pile top under a given Initial load Test A test pile is tested todetermine the load -carrying capacity of the pile byloading either to its ultimate load or to twice theestimated safe Initial Test pile One or more piles, which arenot working piles, may be installed if required toassess the load -carrying capacity of a pile . Thesepiles are tested either to their ultimate load capacityor to twice the estimated safe load Bearing pile A pile formed in theground for transmitting the load of a structure to thesoil by the resistance developed at its tip and/oralong its surface.

10 It may be formed either verticallyor at an inclination (batter pile ) and may be requiredto resist uplift the pile supports the load primarily by resistancedeveloped at the pile tip or base it is called End-bearing pile and if primarily by friction along itssurface, then Friction pile . Net Displacement The net verticalmovement of the pile top after the pile has beensubjected to a test load and subsequently pile Spacing The spacing of piles means thecentre-to-centre distance between adjacent Precast Driven pile A pile constructed inconcrete in a casting yard and subsequently driven intothe ground when it has attained sufficient Routine Test pile A pile which is selectedfor load testing may form a working pile itself, ifsubjected to routine load test up to not more times the safe Safe load It is the load derived byapplying a factor of safety on the ultimate loadcapacity of the pile or as determined from load test.