JC Geography– Climate

1 JC Geography Climate Climates found between the equator Hot Climate and 30 north and south of it Climate found near Equatorial the equator, where the tropical rainforests are Climate located Climate found between the Hot desert 15 and 30 north and south of the equator, where Climate the deserts are located When land is turned into desert due to Desertification human activity and Climate change JC Geography Climate Climate found Savannah between the 5 and 15 north and south of Climate the equator Temperate Climates found at Climate the mid-latitudes Climate found Cool temperate between 40 and 60.

2 Oceanic Climate north and south of the equator Warm Climate found between the 30 and temperate 40 north and south of oceanic Climate the equator JC Geography Climate Climates found Cold close to the Climate North Pole Climate found Boreal between 55 north of the equator and the Climate Arctic Circle Climate found Tundra around the Climate North The average weather conditions of a large area of Climate the world's surface over a long period of time JC Geography Climate A places latitude describes its distance Latitude north or south of the equator When a small area Local experiences a Climate different to that of the Climate rest of the overall region The direction a slope Aspect faces in relation to the sun's rays The height Altitude above sea level JC Geography Climate continental Climate typical of the interior of a Climate continent A graphic representing the temperature and Climograph precipitation of a region over the span of a year Climate found in the Mediterranean area surrounding Climate the Mediterranean Sea JC Geography Climate Change The part of the lower Ozone atmosphere that helps filter out

3 Harmful Layer ultraviolet rays from the sun The increase in Global temperatures due to Warming the greenhouse effect The average weather conditions across an Climate area over a long period of time When land is turned into desert due to Desertification human activity and Climate change JC Geography Climate Change Gases that trap solar Greenhouse energy in the atmosphere, including Gas methane and carbon dioxide Fuels such as coal and oil which release Fossil Fuel greenhouse gases when burned The total amount of Carbon greenhouse gas generated by an Footprint individual's actions Enhanced When human activities release greenhouse gas Greenhouse allowing the atmosphere Effect to trap more heat JC Geography Earthquakes Sudden Earthquake vibrations in the Earth's crust The point on the surface (directly above Epicentre the focus)

4 Where the tremors are strongest The point beneath the Focus surface where the earthquake originates A plate boundary along which earthquakes are Fault Lines frequent, the San Andreas Fault JC Geography Earthquakes The small tremors Aftershocks that follow an earthquake A scientist who Seismologist studies earthquake activity The instrument used to measure the Seismograph strength of the earthquake The scale used to Richter show the strength of an earthquake on a Scale scale of 1-12. JC Geography Earthquakes A tidal wave that is triggered when Tsunami earthquakes occur under the sea A series of shock Tremors waves forming an earthquake Plate The boundary where two plates Boundaries meet JC Geography Economic Inequality Countries that are heavily Developed industrialized, with most of the workforce employed in Countries the secondary and tertiary sectors, Japan, Ireland Quickly Countries that are becoming more industrialized, with more Developing people becoming employed in secondary economic activities, Countries Brazil.

5 China Slowly Countries that have little involvement in manufacturing or Developing services and are over-reliant on primary economic activities, Countries Somalia, Mali The sum of the value Gross National of all the goods and services in a country Product and all its exports JC Geography Economic Inequality When one country gains political control over Colonialism another, occupying it with settlers and exploiting it economically When a country places high taxes on imports from Protectionism abroad to look after their own needs and profits When one country provides another country with Bilateral Aid financial support to help with development, Ireland and Ethiopia When countries give money Multilateral to an organization who will distribute it to various Aid developing countries, the UN.

6 JC Geography Economic Inequality Organizations that provide Nongovernmental aid for developing countries on a voluntary basis, Organisations Tr caire, Concern Aid that comes with terms and conditions, such as that Tied Aid the receiving country has to buy weapons from the donor Aid that is given to Emergency countries following a Aid natural disaster or in times of war A movement that aims to help producers get Fair trade a better price for their goods JC Geography Economic Inequality Donor A country that country provides aid Gross National Income; how a GNI country's income is measured The countries that Recipient receive aid from a Countries donor country Aid that directly People-to- funds community people aid projects JC Geography Economic Inequality Measurements that Indicators of determine whether a country is above/below an poverty official line on the poverty scale Dishonest Corruption conduct by those in power When people get Dependant reliant upon help, such as aid.

7 And stop Mentality helping themselves Development Development assistance is another assistance term for international aid JC Geography Economic Inequality When skilled people Technical work directly in projects or train local Assistance workers Aid given as goods, such Goods Aid as food or medical equipment. JC Geography Fluvial Landscapes and Human Interaction with Rivers The beginning Source of the river The route the Course river takes to the sea The point where Confluence two rivers join together A smaller river Tributary that flows into the main river JC Geography Fluvial Landscapes and Human Interaction with Rivers The point where Mouth the river enters the sea The area of land Drainage drained by a Basin river The area of highland Watershed surrounding the drainage basin The tidal part of Estuary the mouth of the river JC Geography Fluvial Landscapes

8 And Human Interaction with Rivers When the river is fast- Upper/Youthful flowing and eroding Stage the landscape greatly Middle/Mature When the river begins to slow down Stage but is still eroding Lower/Old When the river is slow-moving and Stage depositing its load Hydraulic The force of the Action moving river JC Geography Fluvial Landscapes and Human Interaction with Rivers When small stones and pebbles wear Abrasion away at the banks of the river When small stones are worn down as Attrition they hit off each other When rocks such as limestone are Solution dissolved by the acids in the water When larger Rolling stones are rolled along the river bed JC Geography Fluvial Landscapes and Human Interaction with Rivers When small pebbles Bouncing are bounced along the riverbed When light materials Suspension such as silt float in the water Steep-sided valley in the shape V-shaped of a V' that was shaped by the vertical erosion of the river Areas of high ground that stick Valley out from each side of the V- shaped valley Energy that has been Hydroelectric harnessed through the Power (HEP)

9 Movement of water through rivers and dams. JC Geography Fluvial Landscapes and Human Interaction with Rivers Bends and Meanders curves in the river When a meander is Oxbow cut off from the rest Lakes of the river, forming a lake When an oxbow Mort Lake lake completely dries up Wide, flat area of land Floodplains on either side of a river in its old stage JC Geography Fluvial Landscapes and Human Interaction with Rivers Build of Levees alluvium on the banks of a river Triangular area of land at the mouth of Deltas the river where it enters the sea The highly fertile Alluvium sediment carried by a river A tree-shaped drainage Dendritic pattern.

10 Where many tributaries combine before Pattern joining the main river JC Geography Fluvial Landscapes and Human Interaction with Rivers Trellis Where the tributaries enter the main river at Pattern right angles Radial Where streams radiate outwards from a Pattern central highpoint Deranged Where there is no pattern to Pattern the rivers The sides of the Bank river channel JC Geography Fluvial Landscapes and Human Interaction with R