Know more. Grow more. Mungbeans - AMA HOME

1 Mungbeans - iKnow more . grow 2014 know more . grow of ContentsKnow more . grow and paddock preparation pre-planting planting plant growth and physiology nutrition and fertiliser weed control insect management nematode control diseases plant growth regulators and canopy management desiccation harvest storage environmental issues marketing current researchDecember 2014 MungbeansMUNGBEANS - Contents iiKnow more . grow more . grow 2014 Table of ContentsA Management at a glance.

2 About mungbean .. Mungbean in Australia .. Certified Agronomist Scheme .. Keywords ..xvi1 Planning and paddock Paddock selection .. Paddock history and double-cropping .. Benefits as a rotation crop .. Disadvantages of mungbean as a rotation crop with sugarcane .. Avoiding the risk of herbicide-residue Sulfonylurea (SU) residues (Group B herbicides) .. Triazine residues (Group C herbicides) .. Picloram residues (long-lasting residual Group I herbicides) .. Relative susceptibility to residues .. Seedbed requirements.

3 Avoid major variations in soil types .. Avoid gilgai or contoured country .. Sticks, stones, clods of soil, ridged surface .. Bunching and clumping of stubble .. Avoid high risk, marginal soil types .. Compacted, high bulk-density soils .. Sodic Saline soils .. Soil moisture .. Dryland ..11 Assessing soil water and yield potential to achieve reliable mungbean yields ..11 Plant-available water capacity ..11 Mungbean yield potential based on estimates of starting soil water ..12 Rooting depth .. Irrigation.

4 Yield and targets .. Seasonal Fallow moisture .. Water-use efficiency .. Nitrogen-use efficiency .. Nematode - Contents iiiKnow more . grow more . grow 2014 Table of Insect Variety characteristics .. Current varieties of Vigna radiata .. Black gram (Vigna mungo) .. Yield assessment .. APSIM Mungbean Model .. Seed quality .. Seed quality and varietal purity .. Germination .. Safe rates of fertiliser sown with seed ..103 Inoculants .. Methods of inoculation ..2 Slurry inoculation with water.

5 2 Water injection ..3 Dry inoculation .. Inoculation checklist .. Nodulation meeting the crop nitrogen requirement .. Nodule development in Mungbeans .. Rating level of nodulation .. How to rate the level of nodulation .. Time of sowing .. Spring planting .. Late planting .. Planting dates .. Row spacing .. Wide rows (50 100 cm) .. Narrow rows (18 50 cm) .. Row spacing and planter Seed placement depth .. Plant population and sowing depth .. Calculating planting rates .. Irrigation.

6 Flood irrigation .. Row configuration on 2-m beds .. Spray irrigation ..154 Plant growth and Growth habit ..2 Mungbeans - Contents ivKnow more . grow more . grow 2014 Table of Description of black gram (Vigna mungo) .. Phenology .. Leaf area development .. Key growth stages of mungbean .. Growth and development .. Photoperiod .. Temperature .. Flowering .. Appendix: mungbean crop growth stages (in pictures) .. 24 Jan 2005 - G3 JBPRS - start of budding (not visible).. 28 Jan 2005 - G3 JBPRS - budding (buds now visible).

7 31 Jan 2005 - G3 JBPRS - peak flowering .. 8 Feb 2005 - G3 JBPRS - podding .. 15 Feb 2005 - G3 JBPRS - late podding ..175 Nutrition and Subsoil constraints .. Customising fertiliser recommendations to meet specific crop requirements .. Nutrient removal and crop requirement .. Nitrogen (N) .. Phosphorus .. Arbuscular mycorrhizae .. Sulfur .. Zinc .. Pre-plant Seed treatments .. Fertiliser applied at planting and in-crop ..6 Foliar zinc sprays .. Potassium .. Foliar symptoms of nutrient disorders.

8 Nitrogen deficiency .. Phosphorous deficiency .. Calcium deficiency .. Potassium Sulfur deficiency .. Iron deficiency .. Zinc deficiency .. Magnesium deficiency .. Copper deficiency .. Manganese deficiency .. Boron deficiency ..12 Mungbeans - Contents vKnow more . grow more . grow 2014 Table of Manganese toxicity .. Boron toxicity ..146 Weed Getting best results from herbicides .. Broadleaf weed control .. Trifluralin (Treflan ) and pendimethalin (Stomp ) .. Imazethapyr (Spinnaker ).

9 3Re-cropping intervals .. Acifluorfen (Blazer ) .. Post-emergent grass weed Mode of action of Group A herbicides .. Avoidance of stress conditions .. Adjuvants .. Grass herbicide damage in mungbean .. Sulfonylurea residues in boom-spray .. Water quality for herbicide application .. Effects of water quality .. Improving water quality .. Tips for tank-mixing herbicides .. Adjuvants .. Using adjuvants, surfactants and oils with herbicides .. Factors affecting adjuvant use .. Herbicide resistance.

10 Preventing herbicide resistance .. Monitoring ..13 Weed monitoring, a practical approach ..14 When to scout, and what to look for in a new paddock or farm ..14 Monitoring fence-lines and paddock-margin ecosystems .. Herbicide resistance in summer crops .. Evolution of herbicide resistance .. Mode of action (MOA) ..17 Importance of MOA ..17 MOA labelling in Australia .. Herbicide grouping by MOA and ranking by resistance risk .. Avoiding contamination with seeds that are prohibited or difficult to grade-out Declared or prohibited weed seed.