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LAB: ELEMENTS AND THEIR PROPERTIES - tcfawcett.com

IPS Shorewood High School LAB: ELEMENTS AND THEIR PROPERTIES Throughout the ages of history, philosophers and scientists have talked about the ELEMENTS . Reference to ELEMENTS is most frequent today in the field of chemistry. What is a chemical element? In this lab, you will be given a series of plastic vials containing several common chemical ELEMENTS : aluminum, carbon, copper, iron, magnesium, silicon, sulfur, and zinc. You will investigate the PROPERTIES of these ELEMENTS . By observing common PROPERTIES , you may gain an insight into how an organizational chart can be created for all the known ELEMENTS .

IPS – Shorewood High School LAB: ELEMENTS AND THEIR PROPERTIES Throughout the ages of history, philosophers and scientists have talked about “the

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Transcription of LAB: ELEMENTS AND THEIR PROPERTIES - tcfawcett.com

1 IPS Shorewood High School LAB: ELEMENTS AND THEIR PROPERTIES Throughout the ages of history, philosophers and scientists have talked about the ELEMENTS . Reference to ELEMENTS is most frequent today in the field of chemistry. What is a chemical element? In this lab, you will be given a series of plastic vials containing several common chemical ELEMENTS : aluminum, carbon, copper, iron, magnesium, silicon, sulfur, and zinc. You will investigate the PROPERTIES of these ELEMENTS . By observing common PROPERTIES , you may gain an insight into how an organizational chart can be created for all the known ELEMENTS .

2 QUESTION How are the physical and chemical PROPERTIES of ELEMENTS different from each other and can those differences be grouped into patterns? OBJECTIVES & VOCABULARY Test PROPERTIES of common chemical ELEMENTS ; classify ELEMENTS as metals, nonmetals, or neither; differentiate between chemical and physical PROPERTIES Element, physical PROPERTIES , chemical PROPERTIES , metal, nonmetal, malleable, ductile PRE-LAB (due before starting the lab) Answer the following questions, or do the following tasks, neatly in your science notebook.

3 This is due at the beginning of class the day of the lab. You cannot begin the lab until the pre-lab is completed. 1. Make a list, in your notebook, of four or more substances you use or encounter in your everyday experience that meet your definition of an element. Before beginning the lab in class, share your list with your partner. 2. The ancient Greeks believed that the four ELEMENTS were: earth, air, fire and water. The alchemists of the early Renaissance identified three ELEMENTS : mercury, sulfur and salt.

4 Does each of these 7 ELEMENTS satisfy your definition of an element? Why or why not? 3. Read and understand the entire lab. What are the safety concerns in this lab? 4. Begin setting up the lab in your notebook: a. Write the title and question. b. Rewrite the procedures in your own words. Simply abbreviate and shorten the procedures so that they make sense to you. c. Copy the data table, neatly, into your notebook. MATERIALS Samples of ELEMENTS listed below Electrical conductivity tester Steel wool Hydrochloric acid (HCl) Safety goggles 7 index cards 8 test tubes test tube rack Labeling tape SAFETY Goggles must be worn at all times.

5 Skin and clothing should not come in contact with hydrochloric acid. If so, rinse clothing with water and wash skin immediately with soap and water. PROCEDURES 1. Use labeling tape to label each of the test tubes with one of the 8 names of the chemical ELEMENTS listed in the data table below. Use will use these test tubes in step #5. Element Initial Observations Conducts Electricity Metal or Nonmetal Reacts with Acid Aluminum Carbon Copper Iron Magnesium Silicon Sulfur Zinc IPS Shorewood High School 2.

6 Remove one piece of each element from the plastic vial. Be careful not to confuse the ELEMENTS (placing them on a labeled paper towel can help). In the data table, record observations of physical PROPERTIES of each of the samples. 3. One of the physical PROPERTIES of ELEMENTS is the ability to conduct electric current. Touch the terminals of the electrical conductivity tester to either side of each element. If the light on the tester goes on, that means an electric current is passing through both the light bulb and the sample of the element.

7 It is important to make sure the part of the apparatus touching the ELEMENTS stays dry and is not contaminated by any of the other ELEMENTS it has been in contact with. Also, use steel wool to clean and polish the metal strips before you test them. Test the samples of each element with the conductivity testers and record whether they conduct electric current (yes) or not (no). Record this data in the data table. 4. A metal is generally a solid that is shiny, malleable, and a good conductor of heat and electricity.

8 A nonmetal is generally dull, brittle, and a poor conductor of heat and electricity. Classify each of the ELEMENTS as either a metal or a nonmetal and record in the data table. 5. A chemical property of ELEMENTS is how it reacts with acid. Add 2-centimeters worth of the hydrochloric acid (HCl) to each test tube. Add one piece of each element to the appropriate test tube. It is important to add the HCl to the test tube first so that you will not be surprised by a reaction. a. Test a sample of each element for THEIR reaction with HCl and record whether they react (yes or no) and, if so, what happens when they react.

9 Record what you feel in addition to what you see. b. For those that do react, try to determine whether all exhibit the same type of reaction and compare the rigor of the reactions. If the reaction is rigorous, include a + sign next to your yes . If the reaction is weak, place a sign next to your yes . 6. Dispose of the test tube contents in the appropriate disposal container. Rinse the test tubes three times each with running water and place them upside down in the test tube rack to dry. Be sure to also wash your hands.

10 ANALYSIS Answer the following questions in complete sentences in your notebook. 1. Make an index card for each element and find a way to sort them based on THEIR PROPERTIES . You may try arranging them and/or color-coding them. Your method of sorting will be successful if you can quickly find an element and know from its position whether it: Conducts electricity Reacts with HCl Is metallic or nonmetallic Record the method by which your sorted the index cards in your science notebook. 2. Make a list of three or more physical PROPERTIES of a chemical element that can be observed.


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