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Lecture 9: Tunable Diode Laser Absorption (TDLAS)
1989 – Mass flux sensor using O 2 absorption 1993 – Multiplexed measurements of H 2O, T and momentum flux 1998 – Combustion control (lab flames, incinerator) 2001 – Multi-species in flames: CO, CO 2, NH 3, H 2O 1996-present – Applications to flow facility characterization: arcjets, hypersonic flow tunnels, gas turbine engine sector ...
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Lectures on Dynamics of Gaseous ... - cefrc.princeton.edu
cefrc.princeton.edu2015 Princeton-CEFRC Summer School June 22-26, 2015 Lectures on Dynamics of Gaseous Combustion Waves (from flames to detonations) ... Dimensional analysis Analysis 10-3. ZND structure of detonations 10-4. Selection mechanism of the CJ wave. …
Unsteady Combustor Processes - cefrc.princeton.edu
cefrc.princeton.eduCan Combustion Layout • Needs cross-fire tubes • Useful testing can be done with limited air supplies . Annular Combustor Layout ... Reproduced from Turns, An Introduction to Combustion, 2000 • NOx stands for Nitrogen Oxides – NO, N2O, NO2 • Different mechanisms for NOx formation
Lecture 2 Adiabatic Flame Temperature and Chemical …
cefrc.princeton.edupi is the specific heat capacity at constant pressure and h i,ref is the reference enthalpy at the reference temperature T ref, the temperature dependence of the partial specific enthalpy is given by The reference temperature may be arbitrarily chosen, most …
Internal Combustion Engines - Princeton University
cefrc.princeton.eduCombustion product gases have dipole absorption bands in the IR - long wavelength radiation is absorbed and atmosphere is thus heated - keeps us warm! Air temperature would be -17oC instead of 13oC . 8 PCI-1-1, 2018 Hour 1: IC Engine Review, Thermodynamics and 0-D modeling . Global Warming/Climate Change due to anthropogenic sources ...
![Lecture 8 Raman [Kompatibilitetsläge]](/cache/preview/d/b/6/8/9/c/e/c/thumb-db689cecbc617a8952df49950b757eeb.jpg)
Lecture 8 Raman [Kompatibilitetsläge]
cefrc.princeton.edu8 H 18 C8H18 0,8 1 1,2 L 6000 ambda 8000 10000 H 2 O N (arb.u.) 2 N2 H2O 0,2 0,4 0,6 lambda(N2) 0 lambda(O2) 2000 4000 O Intensity O2 2 0 0 2 4 6 8 1012 1416 Cycle 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 Wavelength (nm) 240 250 260 270 280 300290
Filtered Rayleigh scattering Summary
cefrc.princeton.eduatom/molecule/particle, the oscillating electric field creates an ... molecular absorption, + high laser energy, - spppectroscopic fine structures, -weaker cross-section, ... • The use of FRS in IC-engines has so far only been some initial demonstration measurements.
Lecture 2: Rotational and Vibrational Spectra
cefrc.princeton.eduVibrational stretching r(v) v↑ r↑ B↓ Centrifugal distortion r(J) J↑ r↑ B↓ 15 B 1/r2 Effects shrink line spacings/energies Result: Centrifugal distribution constant Notes: 1. D is small; where since, → D/B smaller for “stiff/hi-freq” bonds B B D e 2 4 3 6 2 2 3 10 1900 1.7 4
Laminar Premixed Flames: Kinematics and Burning Velocity
cefrc.princeton.eduBurning Velocity 25 • Burning velocity is fundamental property of a premixed flame • Can be used to determine flame dynamics • Depends on thermo-chemical parameters of the premixed gas ahead of flame only But: For Bunsen flame, the condition of a constant burning velocity is violated at the tip of the flame
Lecture 11: Shock Tube Techniques/Applications
cefrc.princeton.edu• Gasdynamics/ aerodynamics • Heat transfer (radiation + convection) • Spectroscopy 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 1899: Vieille (France) first shock tube constructed 1940’s: US/Canada/GB mine safety, shock-induced explosions, aerodynamics 1950’s: first applications to …
Lecture 6: Spectral Lineshapes - Princeton University
cefrc.princeton.edu4. Lineshape function – “Lorentzian” – follows from Fourier transform 1 4 1 8 7 1, / 5 10cm ~ 1.610 s N N c u N 2 ~ 16s 1 , 1 5 10 10cm 1 u N N 2 2 0 /2 1 /2 N N N Note: a) b) /2 /2 2 1 0 0 max 0