Lesson 5 - BioMara

1 A project supported by the European Union s INTERREG IVA Programme managed by the Special EU Programmes gratefully acknowledges the following funders: Lesson Five. Page 85 Lesson 5 Both macroalgae and microalgae occur naturally and can be used in many different ways so it would be such a waste to throw it Section -The Uses of Uses of algae FoodMedicineBiofuel Beauty ProductsPollution ControlFertilizerLesson Five. Page 86 Food - Red Macroalgae- Palmaria palmata (Dulse/ Dilisk), Porphyra (Nori), Saccharina latissima (Sugar Kelp).Macroalgae can be used for food not just by marine life but also by humans. Red macroalgae called Palmaria palmata (Dulse/ Dilisk) is mainly used in food. It must be washed and processed. It can then be used as snack foods or as an ingredient in a dish.

2 It contains vitamins A, B, C, D, K and E and Omega -3 which can be found in fish that protect against heart disease. Brown algae called Saccharina latissima (Sugar Kelp) is dried and used as an ingredient in cooked (Nori) is another red macroal-gae used as an ingredient in sushi. Food thickeners Brown macroalgae Alginate come from Laminaria digitata (Oarweed) and Ascophyllum nodosum (Knotted wrack).Red macroalgae - Agar or Carrageenen come from Chondrus crispus (Carrageenen Moss).Alginate and Agar/ Carrageenen are found inside the cells of brown macroalgae called Laminaria digitata and Ascophyllum nodosum there is a substance called alginate . This is produced within the cell walls of the macroalgae. Alginate absorbs water and can be used as a thickener for and Carrageenen are similar products.

3 They are thickening products that come from certain red macroalgae. They are found in the cell wall of some red macroalgae such as Chondrus crispus (Carrageenen Moss). They are used in jellies or desserts or chemical products. Agar can also be used in a science laboratory to make Agar to help grow micro-organisms. Like macroalgae, certain species of microal-gae can be mixed into ingredients. Microalgae can also be used as food colour if their pigments are extracted from them. AgarJellyLesson Five. Page 87 Medical uses Brown macroalgae - Laminaria digitata (Sugar Kelp), Red macroalgae Phymatolithon calcareum (Maerl).Macroalgae can also be used to treat medical macroalgae have been used for colds. Brown macroalgae have many vitamins such as A,B,C, E and K.

4 Macroalgae contains a mineral called Iodine which can be made into tablets. Brown macroalgae such as Laminaria digitata contains a substance called alginate and this can be used in medicine for making bandages. Maerl is a red macroalgae that is processed and used for its nutrients. Maerl contains calcium and magnesium. It is sucked up by a pipe from the bottom of the can also be used as a nutritional supplement for people who need extra - Brown macroalgae Laminaria digitata (Oarweed), Saccharina latissima (Sugar Kelp), Fucus vesiculosus (Bladder wrack) and Ascophyllum nodosum (Knotted wrack). Red macroalgae - Phymatolithon calcareum macroalgae species are used as fertilizer. They are processed and can be dried and used as a powder or in a liquid.

5 There is a naturally occuring substance in macroalgae that make plants grow especially the roots and stems. Macroalgae is a conditioner for the soil as it has the important minerals needed for the growth of healthy soil. Macroalgae contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other minerals that are needed for plants to helps grass to appear green while potassium and phosphorus helps fruit, flowers and roots. The letters N-P-K stand for Nitrogen Phosphorus PotassiumMaerl can be washed, dried and processed and used as an animal feed. Processed Maerl is used by farmers as fertilizer on their Products - Brown seaweeds Fucus vesiculosus (Bladder wrack), Fucus serratus (Serrated wrack) and Ascophyllum nodosum (Knotted wrack) The brown macroalgae above are used to make beauty products such as shampoos, creams, soaps and toothpaste.

6 The nutrients are taken out of macroalgae and put into the products. Fucus vesiculosus (bladder wrack) is used in seaweed baths where the macroalgae is collected from the shore and used for bathing. The macroalgae provides nutrients and minerals for the skin. Lesson Five. Page 88 algae is used in wastewater treatment plants. algae is used to treat polluted water by using the extra nutrients in the polluted water as occurs when extra nutrients from factories or the environment enters thewater. These nutrients are nitrates, phosphorus, carbon, potassium and ammonium. Special water treatment plants use algae to clean the water by inserting the algae into polluted water. Macroalgae species maybe used such as Ulva. The algae absorb the extra nutrients to grow and the algae releases oxygen into the environment.

7 They act as a bio-filter , this is like a sieve to filter out the nutrients from the polluted water and release clean advantage of algae being used in this process is that it can also be used as a fertilizer on land or as feed for animals. This is ideal as the algae now contains extra nutrients from polluted water. BiofuelAlgae can also be used to produce fuel, this will be discussed in chapter 6. Certain types of macroalgae can be used for biofuel production. Microalgae can also be used to produce advantage of using algae is that it is an available source. It grows naturally and is inexpensive. It is kind to the environment; when it is used as a biofuel it does not put any extra carbon into the atmosphere. It is a natural fertilizer and it does not contain any chemicals.

8 It can remove pollution from water. It can be used as food and food ingredients. It is rich in vitamins, minerals and can also be used as medicine. It can also be used as animal ControlLesson Five. Page 89 Brief summaryAim: The aim of this Lesson is to illustrate the uses of Macroalgae can be used as food for humans. They are processed and used as a food ingredients or packaged as a food. They are rich in vitamins and minerals. Red macroalgae called Palmaria palmata (Dulse/Dilisk) can be used as a snack food. Nori is the common name of the species Porphyra which is a common ingredient used to make Sushi. Chondrus crispus (Carrageen moss) can also be eaten. Saccharina latissima (Sugar Kelp) from brown macroalgae can also be used as a food ingredient.

9 Macroalgae contains a substance that can be used as food thickners. In the red macroalgae Chondrus crispus, agar is produced inside the cell walls of the algae . Agar can be used in jellies and desserts. In brown macroalgae the species Laminaria digitata (Oarweed) contains alginate. This is produced inside the macroalgae and is used in soups to help thicken them. Macroalgae also contains nutrients. Maerl contains calcium and can be used as an ingredient in calcium supplements or animal feed. Colouring from microal-gae are extracted and used as natural food uses Brown and Red macroalgae are used for medical purposes. Brown macroalgae are used to make bandages by using the alginate contained within the macroalgae. It also contains vitamins and iodine which can be extracted and put into tablets.

10 Red macroalgae, such as Maerl, contain calcium which are used as calcuim Brown macroalgae can be processed and used as fertilizer. Laminaria digitata, Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus can be used as dry or liquid fertilizer. Minerals such as nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus are present within the macroalgae. These are important for healthy soil. Beauty Products - Brown macroalgae can be used in beauty products. Species such as Fucus vesiculosus, Fucus serratus and Ascophyllum nodosum are used in shampoos, creams and soaps. Nutrients are taken out of the macroalgae and put into these products. Brown macroalgae are also used in seaweed Control - algae may be used to treat polluted water. Water is polluted because there are extra nutrients in the water but algae likes the nutrients so they can remove them from the water.