Magnitude and impact of road traffic injuries - who.int

1 Magnitude and impact of road traffic injuriesUNIT 1 Overview Objectives Global estimates and pattern Global trends and projections Who is affected by road traffic injuries ? Activity Socioeconomic and health effects of road traffic injuries Global estimates of costs of road traffic crashes Key points Definitions of key concepts Questions to think about References Further reading Notes Trainee's evaluationunit-1 11/3/2006 6:22 PM Page 9unit-1 11/3/2006 6:22 PM Page 10 Unit 1. Magnitude AND impact OF road traffic injuries 1111 Global estimates and patternData provided by the World Health Organization(WHO) and the World Bank were used for thestatistical analyses that form the basis of the Worldreport on road traffic injury prevention (1).

2 Insummary, these data showed that, in 2002: million people died as a result of road trafficcollisions. This means that on average 3242people were killed daily on the world's roads. 20 million to 50 million people were injured ordisabled in road collisions. road traffic injuries were the 11thleadingcause of death worldwide and accounted of all deaths globally. Furthermore,these road traffic deaths accounted for 23%of all injury deaths worldwide (Figure ). 90% of road traffic deaths occurred in low-income and middle-income countries, where 5098 million people or 81% of the world'spopulation live (2)and own about 20% of theworld's vehicles.

3 The WHO African Region had the highestmortality rate, with deaths per 100 000population. This was followed closely by thelow-income and middle-income countries of theWHO Eastern Mediterranean Region, at 100 000 population (Table ). Countries inthe WHO Western Pacific Region and the WHOS outh-East Asia Region accounted for morethan half of all road traffic deaths in the traffic injuries are a growing publichealth and development problem. In thisunit, we examine in detail the Magnitude andimpact of road traffic injuries using evidence atglobal, regional and national levels.

4 Thisevidence shows how serious the problem of roadtraffic injuries is at present and indicates that itwill become worse if no appropriate action istaken the end of this unit, the trainee should be ableto: describe the global Magnitude and trends ofroad traffic fatalities; discuss the global socioeconomic and healthburden of road traffic injuries ; describe the Magnitude and trends of roadtraffic injuries in his or her own country,region and city; discuss the socioeconomic and health burdenof road traffic injuries in his or her owncountry, region and Distribution of global injury mortality by causeSource: reproduced from reference : Unintentional (or accidental ) injuries are thoseattributable to road traffic crashes, falls, drowning andfires.

5 Intentional (or deliberate) injuries are thoseattributable to violence, suicide and traffic injury mortality rates (per 100 000population) in WHO regions, 2002 WHO regionLow-income High-and middle-income income countriescountriesAfrican Region of the Asia European Mediterranean Region Pacific : reproduced from reference 11/3/2006 6:22 PM Page 11 FIGURE Change in rank order for the 10 leading causes of death, world, 2002-2030 Source: reference or injuryRankDisease or heart heart respiratory obstructive pulmonary obstructive pulmonary respiratory , bronchus, lung ttrraaffffiicc , bronchus, lung ttrraaffffiicc conditions1122 road traffic injury prevention : training MANUALG lobal trends and projectionsThe key findings on global trends and projectionspresented in the World report on road traffic injuryprevention (1) are summarized below.

6 The number of road traffic injuries has continuedto rise in the world as a whole, but there has beenan overall downward trend in road traffic deathsin high-income countries since the 1970s, and anincrease in many of the low-income and middle-income countries (Figure ). road traffic injuries are predicted to rise fromtenth place in 2002 to eighth place by 2030 as acontributor to the global burden of diseases(Figure ). road traffic deaths are predicted to increase by83% in low-income and middle-incomecountries (if no major action is taken), and todecrease by 27% in high-income countries.

7 Theoverall global increase is predicted to be 67%by 2020 if appropriate action is not taken(Table ).FIGURE Global and regional road fatality trends, 1987-1995aa Data are displayed according to the regional classifications of TRL Ltd, United : reproduced from reference 11/11/2006 2:08 PM Page 12 Unit 1. Magnitude AND impact OF road traffic injuries 1133 Who is affected by roadtraffic injuries ?The World report on road traffic injuryprevention (1)indicates that there arenotable differences in the way differentroad users are affected by road trafficcollisions as summarized below: More than half of all global road trafficdeaths occur among young adultsbetween 15 and 44 years of age.

8 73% of all global road trafficfatalities are males. Vulnerable road users pedestrians,cyclists and motorcyclists accountfor a much greater proportion of roadtraffic collisions in low-income andmiddle-income countries than in high-income countries (Figure ).TABLE Predicted road traffic fatalities by region (in thousands), adjusted for underreporting, 1990-2020 World Bank Number of Fatality rate Regionacountries Change (%) (deaths persurveyed19902000201020202000 2020100 000 persons) 20002020 East Asia and Europe and AsiaLatin America and CaribbeanMiddle East and AfricaSouth are displayed according to the regional classifications of the World : reference users killed in various modes of transport as aproportion of all road traffic deathsSource.

9 Reproduced from reference 11/3/2006 6:22 PM Page 131144 road traffic injury prevention : training MANUALS ocioeconomic and health effects of road traffic injuriesRoad traffic injuries cause emotional, physicaland economic harm. There is a moral imperativeto minimize such losses. A case can also bemade for reducing road crash deaths oneconomic grounds, as they consume massivefinancial resources that countries can ill affordTABLE crash costs by region RegionaGNP, 1997 Estimated annual crash costs(US$As percentage of Costsbillion)GNP(US$ billion)Africa370 Asia2 454 Latin America 1 890 and CaribbeanMiddle East 495 Central and Europe Subtotal5 motorized22 : gross national are displayed according to regional classification of theTRL Ltd, United.

10 Reproduced from at Table which presents data onestimated road traffic fatalities per 100 000population in the WHO African Region for study the table and write down keyfeatures related to the distribution of road trafficfatalities per 100 000 by sex and resultsThe purpose of this exercise is to assisttrainees to identify and summarize keyelements in the distribution of road trafficfatalities per 100 000 population for the WHOA frican Region. They are to describevariations noted in this indicator by differentage groups for males and mortalityacaused by road trafficinjurybin WHO African regionAgecin yearsMalesFemales0 and is measured by number of road traffic fatalities per100 000 traffic injury = ICD10 V01 V89, V99, Y850 (ICD9E810 E819, E826 E829, E929).