MAINTENANCE AND CARE OF HAND TOOLS - ibiblio

1 WAR DEPARTMENT TECHNICAL MANUALMAINTENANCEAND CARE OFHAND TOOLSWAR DEPR 1945 WAR DEPARTMENT TECHNICAL MANUALTM 9-867 MAINTENANCEAND CARE OFHAND TOOLSWIAR DEPAR TMENTAPRIL 1945 WAR DEPARTMENTW ashington 25, D. C., 19 April 1945TM 9-867, MAINTENANCE and Care of Hand TOOLS , is published forthe information and guidance of all (20 Nov43) 461/60440 RaritanBY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR:G. C. MARSHALL,Chief of :J. A. ULIO,Major General,The Adjutant : AAF (10); AGF (5); ASF (2); Dept (10); AAFComd (2); Arm & Sv Bd (1); S Div ASF (1);Tech Sv (2); SvC (10); PC PE (Ord O)(5); Dist O 9 (5); Dist Br O 9 (3); Reg O 9(3); Establishments 9 (5); Decentralized SubO 9 (3); Gen & Sp Sv Sch (10); USMA (20);A (10); CHQ (10); D (2); B 2, 4-8, 18, 44 (1);R 2, 4-11, 17-19, 44, 55 (1); Bn 2-11, 17-19, 44,55 (1); C 2-11, 17-19, 44, 55 (1); AF (2);W (1); G (1); S (1); F (1).

2 Refer to FM 21-6 for explanation of distribution 9-867 CONTENTSS ection PageI Introduction .. 2II abrasive Wheels and Oilstones .. 5 III Awls .. 11IV Bits and Boring TOOLS .. 14V Braces and Hand Drills .. 24VI Brushes .. 26 VII Calipers .. 29 VIII Chisels .. 33IX Clamps .. 39X Dividers .. 42XI Files and Rasps .. 44 XII Hammers, Mallets, Mauls, and 47 XIII Hand Grinders .. 51 XIV Hatchets, Axes, Mattocks, Adzes, and 53XV Hydrometers .. 58 XVI Knives .. 59 XVII Levels .. 62 XVIII Nippers and Pliers .. 64 XIX Planes .. 67XX Punches .. 74 XXI Reamers .. 77 XXII Saws .. 79 XXIII Scrapers .. 89 XXIV Screwdrivers .. 92 XXV Shears.

3 96 XXVI Soldering Irons .. 100 XXVII Taps and Dies .. 103 XXVIII Vises .. 107 XXIX Wrenches .. 109 XXX References .. 1121TM 9-867 Section IINTRODUCTIONPURPOSE AND SCOPEThis manual is published for the information of arms and servicescharged with care of hand TOOLS . It is intended to serve as a guideand ready source of definite information for personnel having someprevious knowledge in the operations covered. Insofar as prac-ticable, descriptive and use-of- TOOLS information is omitted in orderto devote more space to care of TOOLS . The efficiency of a mechanicand the TOOLS he uses are determined to a great extent by the con-dition in which that mechanic keeps the TOOLS .

4 Likewise a mechaniccan be judged by the manner in which he handles and cares fortools. Micrometers, or any other precision tool, must be handledwith a careful, delicate touch and precision, commensurate with theextreme accuracy with which these TOOLS are capable of is with joy and great interest that everyone watches a skilledmechanic at his work, and this is largely due to the care and pre-cision with which he uses the TOOLS of his trade. There is a place forevery tool and he keeps each tool in its place. He carefully wipeshis TOOLS clean and dry before he places them in the tool box. If hedoes not expect to use a tool again for some time he lubricates it toprevent.

5 When storing TOOLS under conditions of extreme humidity,moisture or salt air, it may be desirable to use preservative lubri-cating oil (medium) instead of the preservative lubricating oil(special) or engine oil (SAE 10) prescribed in this manual fornormal OF TOOLSA brasive Wheels and Oilstones Braces and Hand DrillsAbrasive wheels BracesOilstonesBreast drillsAwls Hand drillsHandled seat awlBrad awlSaddler's sewing awl BrushesBits and Boring TOOLS Painter's dustAuger bits Sash toolCountersink bits Steel wireExpansive bitsScrewdriver bits StencilTwist drills -Varnish2 CalipersFirm jointInside and outside microm-etersInside and outside springChiselsBlacksmith'sMachinist'sWood worker'sClampsC-typeHand screwHydraulic brake cylinderToolmaker'sDividersSpringWingFil es and RaspsRoundHalf round raspFlatTaperHammers, Mallets, Mauls.

6 And SledgesHammersBell faced clawBlacksmith's cross peenBlacksmith's straight peenDing weightMachinist's ball peenPlain faced clawRivetingSoft face (copper, lead,leather, plastic, rawhide,rubber)Trimmer'sMalletsMaulsSled gesBlacksmith's cross peenBlacksmith's straight peenHand GrindersHatchets, Axes, Mattocks,Adzes, and ShovelsHydrometersKnivesDrawPocketPuttyL evelsNippers and PliersNippersDiagonal side cuttingHeavy typeLight typePliersAdjustable combinationBrake springFlat-nosedHalf round-nosedRound-nosedSide cuttingTire chain repairPlanesBenchForeJackSmoothBlockPunc hesHollowSolidCenterPinPrickTaper3TM 9-867TM 9-867 ReamersHand reamersStraightTaperExpansionAdjustableP ower reamersStraightTaperSawsBackBeadCompassC opingCrosscutDovetailHackKeyholeMiter boxNestedPatternmaker'sRipStairbuilder's VeneerScrapersBearingCarbonFlatThree-cor neredScrewdriversClutch-headOffsetPhilli ps typeSpiral ratchetStandardShearsBenchBolt cuttersCurved blade

7 Tinner'sScroll pivoter snipsStraight blade tinner'sSoldering IronsElectricNonelectricTaps and DiesTapsNational series hand tapsPipeDiesNational series round diesPipe diesSquareFour pieceVisesBlacksmith'sMachinist'sPipeUti lity benchWrenchesAdjustableBoxOpen endPipeSocketSocket head set screw4TM 9-867 Section IIABRASIVE WHEELS AND OILSTONESFLARINGCUPRA PD87173 STRAIGHT BEVELED ANGLE FACE RECESSED ONE SIDE OFFSET AND RECESSEDABRASIVE WHEELSM aintenance* Handle wheels with care at all times; they break easily.* Do not grind on sides or corners of wheel , unless it is impossibleto grind the job at hand on the face of the wheel . This ruleshould be observed, due to the difficulty of dressing the sidesof the wheel .

8 * When mounting wheel on spindle observe the following pre-cautions:RA PD 87174 Test wheel by tapping with a cellulose face or rubber face hammeror mallet. A ringing sound indicates a satisfactory wheel . A dullthudding sound indicates a cracked wheel . Do NOT use a PD 87175Be sure wheel is equipped with blotter paper gaskets or safetywashers on each side. If safety washers are used, remove paper fromwheel and fit rubber sides next to 9-867Do not force wheel onto spindle. It must slide on easily with PD 87177 Tighten spindle nut just tight enough so flanges hold wheel may crack installing, test wheel for breakage by starting.

9 CAUTION:Stand clear!* If wheel glazes easily (cutting particles become dull), decreaseits speed or use softer wheel .* If wheel loads easily (pores or spaces between cutting particlesclog with material being ground), increase its speed or usesofter of material from cut-ting face of a wheel so surfaceruns sharpness of a wheelface which is "loaded" or dulled.* a SOn grinding machines, these operations are best done with adiamond dressing tool rigidly supported in a fixed tool post. Abra-sive wheel dressers and abrasive type dressers are used on benchor pedestal TYPE DRETUBE TYPE DRESSERRA PD 871786TM 9-8671. Set tool as shown, almostin contact with high point Start wheel rotating.

10 Start10 TO 15 tool traversing and feed intowheel to inch atend of each pass until con-tact is { + 3. Traverse cutter back andTOOL HOLDER- forth across wheel face, feed until soundindicates dresser is cuttingRA PD 87179 all around the : For wet grinding, dress wet. For dry grinding, dress DRESSERGRINDER REST\k J o~ ~~~A'-"'J "D J US TREST AWAY FROM',~'~J ~ V _ rs ' wheel TO PERMIT LEG OF*~ a/~ wheel DRESSER TO GUIDEON FRONT EDGE OF RESTRA PD 871801. Adjust tool rest to permit wheel dresser to contact abrasive wheelon centerline of wheel as Start wheel revolving, then support the dresser on tool rest withhandle tilted upward at angle shown in Slowly press the wheel dresser against face of revolving wheeluntil it "bites," then move dresser from side to side across wheelto obtain a straight surface on the wheel .}