Metering Best Practices: A Guide to Achieving Utility ...

1 Disclaimer This report was sponsored by the United States Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Federal Energy Management Program. Neither the United States Government nor any agency or contractor thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, mark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency or contractor thereof.

2 The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency or contractor thereof. _____ Release Metering Best Practices A Guide to Achieving Utility Resource Efficiency GP Sullivan1 WD Hunt R Pugh WF Sandusky TM Koehler BK Boyd August 2011 Prepared by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for the Federal Energy Management Program Department of Energy 1 Efficiency Solutions, LLC This page intentionally left blank. Preface This release is an update and expansion of the information provided in Release of the Metering Best Practice Guide that was issued in October 2007. This release, as was the previous release, was developed under the direction of the Department of Energy s Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP).

3 The mission of FEMP is to facilitate the Federal Government s implementation of sound cost-effective energy management and investment practices to enhance the nation s energy security and environmental stewardship. Each of these activities is directly related to Achieving requirements set forth in the Energy Policy Acts of 1992 and 2005, the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007, and the goals that have been established in Executive Orders 13423 and 13514 and also those practices that are inherent in sound management of Federal financial and personnel resources. The learning objectives of this Guide are to: Highlight the numerous benefits to Metering including those driving the EPAct 2005 legislation as well those used in making the business case for Metering . The focus of this Guide is to provide Describe the methods and approaches for building-level, panel-level, and the Federal Energy/end-use Metering .

4 Facility manager Achieve an understanding of Metering technologies, equipment, and and practitioner with applications. information and actions aimed at Explain the different data communication options for metered data. understanding Metering and Understand and be able to outline the key elements of a Metering plan. working to achieve Highlight the different options for financing Metering programs . potential savings and benefits. Provide descriptions of applications for meters, data, and data analysis. Describe with case studies some immediate Metering ideas to generate energy and cost savings. The focus of this Guide is to provide the Federal Energy/Facility manager and practitioner with information and actions aimed at understanding Metering and working to achieve the potential savings and benefits.

5 Based on comments received from the O&M Working Group, this version of the Guide has been revised to make it more useful for the Federal Energy/Facility manager. The major changes include moving information regarding Metering economics to Chapter 3, Metering Planning. Information is now included on gas, steam, and water Metering as a result of the additional Metering requirements set forth in the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, and Executive Order 13514 regarding improved water use efficiency and management. Chapter 3 also has been expanded to include a discussion on special Metering considerations such as data centers and onsite generation sources and staffing and resource Metering Best Practices Guide iii August 2011 Preface requirements that need to be considered in the planning process.

6 In addition, Chapter 2 has been updated to be consistent with the current requirements and new information has been incorporated on smart grid. The references have been updated to include the most current versions of existing policy documents along with new references tied to new information in the Guide . The entire document was revised to increase its readability, and additional case studies and success stories have been included in Chapter 8. This Guide is considered a living document, so all comments regarding improvement are welcome. Information in Appendix D provides a way that comments and suggestions can be submitted. This Guide consists of eight chapters. The first chapter is an introduction and an overview. Chapter 2 provides the rationale for Why Metering ? Chapter 3 discusses Metering planning, providing key issues and highlighting their importance and covers Metering economics and different options for financing Metering in the Federal sector.

7 Chapter 4 examines Metering approaches and their role in an overall Metering program. Chapter 5 looks at the different Metering technologies by major Utility type: electricity, natural gas, steam, potable water, wastewater, and high-temperature/chilled water. Chapter 6 focuses on Metering communications and data storage. Chapter 7 describes the various uses for metered data and options on data analysis via energy information systems. Chapter 8 finishes the Guide with some Federal-sector case studies and success stories. Additional information is provided in the appendices. August 2011 iv Metering Best Practices Guide Acknowledgments This Guide is the result of numerous people working to achieve a common goal of highlighting the importance of Metering and the resulting opportunities for energy efficiency across the Federal sector.

8 The authors wish to acknowledge the contribution and valuable assistance provided by the staff of the Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP). Specifically, we would like to thank Ab Ream, FEMP O&M Program Manager, for his leadership and support of this program and development of this document. The authors would also like to thank the energy and facility staff members of the Federal agencies who have over the years provided us with their ideas and This Guide is the efforts regarding Metering needs and practices all of which have been very result of numerous helpful in compiling this Guide . In particular, we acknowledge the following people working toindividuals who supported the development of the case studies: Ed Phillips and achieve a common Mark Toscano of the Brookhaven National Laboratory, Rich Oswald and Bill goal of highlightingQuick at the General Services Administration s Kastenmeier Federal the importance of Courthouse, Karen Curran of the General Services Administration Energy Metering and theCenter of Expertise, Greg Leifer of the National Institutes of Health, Adam Savadalena of the Agriculture Research Service of the Department of resulting Agriculture , Tim Austin, Cedreck Davis, and Rhonda Truitt of the NASA opportunities for Marshall Space Flight Center, Rick Eshenbach of the Coast Guard energy efficiency Baltimore Yard, and John Park of Veterans Affairs.

9 In addition, we would like across the Federal to thank Bill Koran of Portland Energy Conservation, Incorporated (PECI) for sector. his insights on the uses of metered data and Jim Heller of the Naval Facilities Engineering Services Center for his perspectives and experience with Metering systems. The authors would also like to recognize the various members of the O&M Working Group of the Interagency Energy Management Task Force that provided invaluable suggestions regarding the reorganization and enhancements required to make the document more useful and timely for facility and energy managers in the Federal sector. In addition, Kate McMordie Stoughton of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and Beth Shearer of Beth Shearer and Associates are acknowledged for their inputs, review, and suggestions in the development and production of this Guide .

10 Finally, the authors would like to extend their appreciation to PNNL s document production team Dave Payson and Kathy Neiderhiser for the conscientious, team-oriented, and high-quality assistance they brought to this project. Metering Best Practices Guide v August 2011 This page intentionally left blank. Acronyms AEC Architectural Energy Corporation AMR automated meter reading AOC annual operating costs API application program interface BAS building automation system BNL Brookhaven National Laboratory CBECS Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey CDD