Transcription of Metrics & Methodology - IPCC
1 1281 IIANNEXM etrics & MethodologyCoordinating Lead Authors:Volker Krey (IIASA / Germany), Omar Masera (Mexico)Lead Authors:Geoffrey Blanford (USA / Germany), Thomas Bruckner (Germany), Roger Cooke (USA), Karen Fisher-Vanden (USA), Helmut Haberl (Austria), Edgar Hertwich (Austria / Norway), Elmar Kriegler (Germany), Daniel Mueller (Switzerland / Norway), Sergey Paltsev (Belarus / USA), Lynn Price (USA), Steffen Schl mer (Germany), Diana rge-Vorsatz (Hungary), Detlef van Vuuren (Netherlands), Timm Zwickel (Germany)Contributing Authors:Kornelis Blok (Netherlands), Stephane de la Rue du Can (France / USA), Greet Janssens-Maenhout (Belgium / Italy), Dominique Van Der Mensbrugghe (Italy / USA), Alexander Radebach (Germany), Jan Steckel (Germany)This annex should be cited as:Krey V., O. Masera, G. Blanford, T. Bruckner, R.
2 Cooke, K. Fisher-Vanden, H. Haberl, E. Hertwich, E. Kriegler, D. Mueller, S. Paltsev, L. Price, S. Schl mer, D. rge-Vorsatz, D. van Vuuren, and T. Zwickel, 2014: Annex II: Metrics & Methodology . In: Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Edenhofer, O., R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, E. Farahani, S. Kadner, K. Seyboth, A. Adler, I. Baum, S. Brunner, P. Eickemeier, B. Kriemann, J. Savolainen, S. Schl mer, C. von Stechow, T. Zwickel and Minx (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, & MethodologyAnnex IIAIIC ontentsPart I: Units and definitions 1284A II 1 Standard units and unit conversion 1284A II 1 1 Standard units 1284A II 1 2 Physical unit conversion
3 1285A II 1 3 Monetary unit conversion 1285A II 2 Region definitions 1286A II 2 1 RC10 1286A II 2 2 RC5 1287A II 2 3 ECON4 1287A II 2 4 GEA R11 1288 Part II.
4 Methods 1288A II 3 Costs Metrics 1288A II 3 1 Levelized costs Levelized cost of energy .. Levelized cost of conserved energy .. Levelized cost of conserved carbon ..1291A II 3 2 Mitigation cost Metrics 1291A II 4 Primary energy accounting 1293A II 5 Indirect primary energy use and CO2 emissions 1295A II 5 1 Primary electricity and heat factors 1295A II 5 2 Carbon dioxide emission
5 Factors 1296A II 6 Material flow analysis, input-output analysis, and lifecycle assessment 129712831283 Metrics & MethodologyAnnex IIAIIA II 6 1 Material flow analysis 1297A II 6 2 Input-output analysis 1298A II 6 3 Lifecycle assessment 1299A II 7 Fat tailed distributions
6 1300A II 8 Growth rates 1301 Part III: Data sets 1302A II 9 Historical data 1302A II 9 1 Mapping of emission sources to sectors Energy (Chapter 7).
7 Transport (Chapter 8) .. Buildings (Chapter 9) .. Industry (Chapter 10) .. AFOLU (Chapter 11) .. Comparison of IEA and EDGAR CO2 emission datasets ..1304A II 9 2 Historic GDP PPP data 1306A II 9 3 Lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions Fossil fuel based power .. Nuclear power .. Renewable energy ..1308A II 10 Scenario data 1308A II 10 1 Process 1308A II 10 2 Model inter-comparison exercises 1311A II 10 3 Classification of scenarios
8 Climate category .. Carbon budget categories .. Overshoot category .. Negative emissions category .. Technology category .. Policy category .. Classification of baseline scenarios ..1316A II 10 4 Comparison of integrated and sectorally detailed studies 1317 References 131912841284 Metrics & MethodologyAnnex IIAIIThis annex on methods and Metrics provides background information on material used in the Working Group III Contribution to the Intergov-ernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (WGIII AR5).
9 The material presented in this annex documents Metrics , methods, and common data sets that are typically used across multiple chapters of the report. The annex is composed of three parts: Part I introduces standards Metrics and common definitions adopted in the report; Part II presents methods to derive or calculate certain quanti-ties used in the report; and Part III provides more detailed background information about common data sources that go beyond what can be included in the chapters. While this structure may help readers to navi-gate through the annex, it is not possible in all cases to unambiguously assign a certain topic to one of these parts, naturally leading to some overlap between the I: Units and Standard units and unit conversionThe following section, , introduces standard units of measure-ment that are used throughout this report.
10 This includes Syst me Inter-national (SI) units, SI-derived units, and other non-SI units as well the standard prefixes for basic physical units. It builds upon similar mate-rial from previous IPCC reports (IPCC, 2001; Moomaw et al., 2011). In addition to establishing a consistent set of units for reporting throughout the report, harmonized conventions for converting units as reported in the scientific literature have been established and are summarized in Section (physical unit conversion) and Section (monetary unit conversion).A II 1 1 Standard unitsTable A II 1 | Syst me International (SI) Quantity Unit Symbol Length meter m Mass kilogram kg Time second s Thermodynamic temperature kelvin K Amount of Substance mole mol Table A II 2 | Special names and symbols for certain SI-derived Quantity Unit Symbol Definition ForceNewton N kg m s^2 Pressure Pascal Pa kg m^ 1 s^ 2 (= N m^ 2) Energy Joule J kg m^2 s^ 2 Power Watt W kg m^2 s^ 3 (= J s^ 1) Frequency Hertz Hz s^ 1 (cycles per second) Ionizing Radiation DosesievertSvJ kg^-1 Table A II 3 | Non-SI standard unitsUnitSymbolCurrency (Market Exchange Rate, MER)constant US Dollar 2010 USD2010 Currency (Purchasing Power Parity, PPP)
