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MF2214 Minimum Standards for Design and …

AaaaaaaaaaaaState of KansasDepartment of Healthand EnvironmentBulletin 4-2, March 1997 Minimum STANDARDSFOR Design ANDCONSTRUCTION OF ONSITEWASTEWATER SYSTEMSB ureau of Water Nonpoint Source SectionForbes Field, Bldg. 283 Topeka KS 66620(785) 296-4195In Cooperation withK-State Research and ExtensionTable of ContentsIntroduction .. 1 Wastewater Flows .. 2 Site and Soil Evaluation .. 2 Septic Tank .. 6 Septic Tank Design / construction Specifications .. 7 Septic Tank Placement Specifications .. 9 Absorption Field Size .. 10 Absorption Field Material Specifications .. 12 Field construction Specifications .. 13 Maintaining Onsite Wastewater Systems .. 13 Waste Stabilization Ponds .. 13 Alternative Systems Guidelines .. 14 Appendix A Conducting a Perc Test .. 14 Appendix B Sources of Additional Information.

a a State of Kansas Department of Health and Environment Bulletin 4-2, March 1997 MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF ONSITE WASTEWATER SYSTEMS

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1 AaaaaaaaaaaaState of KansasDepartment of Healthand EnvironmentBulletin 4-2, March 1997 Minimum STANDARDSFOR Design ANDCONSTRUCTION OF ONSITEWASTEWATER SYSTEMSB ureau of Water Nonpoint Source SectionForbes Field, Bldg. 283 Topeka KS 66620(785) 296-4195In Cooperation withK-State Research and ExtensionTable of ContentsIntroduction .. 1 Wastewater Flows .. 2 Site and Soil Evaluation .. 2 Septic Tank .. 6 Septic Tank Design / construction Specifications .. 7 Septic Tank Placement Specifications .. 9 Absorption Field Size .. 10 Absorption Field Material Specifications .. 12 Field construction Specifications .. 13 Maintaining Onsite Wastewater Systems .. 13 Waste Stabilization Ponds .. 13 Alternative Systems Guidelines .. 14 Appendix A Conducting a Perc Test .. 14 Appendix B Sources of Additional Information.

2 16 KDHE District Boundaries andDistrict Offices .. Inside back coverTables1 Soil Limitation Ratings Used by NRCSfor Wastewater Absorption Fields .. 22 Design Septic Tank Effluent Loading Rates forVarious Soil Textures and Structures .. 33 Recommended Absorption Reductions .. 44 Soil Absorption Field Loading Rateand Area Recommendation for Septic TankEffluent Based on Perc .. 45 Minimum Required and MinimumRecommended Separation Distancesfor Onsite Wastewater Systems .. 46 General Alternative Option Guidefor Moderate or Severe LimitingSoil Conditions .. 57 Minimum and Recommended SepticTank Capacities Based on theNumber of Household Bedrooms .. 68 Trench Separation Distances .. 11 Figures1 Compartmentalized Septic Tank .. 62 Design Details for a Precast,Concrete Septic Tank.

3 73 Septic System Reference Sketch .. 84 Typical Step Down or SerialDistribution System .. 105 Standard Lateral Trench Design .. 111 IntroductionKansas Administrative Regulations ( 28-5-6 to9) authorize the Kansas Department of Health and Envi-ronment (KDHE) to establish Minimum Standards forseptic tank lateral fields. KDHE bulletin 4-2: MinimumStandards for Design and construction of Onsite Wastewa-ter Systems fulfills that purpose. The Minimum standardspresented in this document are intended to ensure do-mestic wastewater is managed so that:nQuality of surface and groundwater is protected fordrinking water, recreation, aquatic life support, irri-gation, and industrial breeding place or habitat will not be created forinsects, rodents, and other vectors that may latercontact food, people, pets, or drinking will not be exposed on the ground sur-face where it can be contacted by children and/orpets, creating a significant health and federal laws and local regulations governingwater pollution or wastewater disposal will be conditions or obnoxious odors and un-sightliness will be 4-2 is not intended to provide an in-depthdiscussion of the rationale for these Standards .

4 For moreinformation, see the Environmental Health Handbook andresources identified therein as well as other references inAppendix B (page 16). Most county health departmentshave a copy of this handbook, or copies are available atcost from Kansas State University, Extension Biologicaland Agricultural Engineering (see Appendix B).Local governments have the authority to adopt mini-mum requirements (codes) for onsite wastewater man-agement systems, to approve individual plans, to issuepermits for construction , to issue permits for operation,and to grant variances. County sanitary (environmental)codes specif y local Design and permitting with these requirements helps preventillness caused by environmental contamination andprotects surface and local requirements, such as those inwellhead protection or sensitive groundwaterareas, may be more stringent than those estab-lished in Bulletin 4-2.

5 Often, these stricter re-quirements provide greater protection of publichealth and the environment, especially wherewater resources are vulnerable to codes are adopted and administered bylocal government usually through county health depart-ments. The local administering authority should alwaysbe contacted before any time or money is invested insystem Design , plans, installation, or there is no local code, landowners are required tocomply with Kansas Administrative Regulations( ) 28-5-6 to 9 and Minimum Standards in thisbulletin. If no assistance is available from the healthdepartment or other local authority, contact yourcounty Extension Office or KDHE, Bureau of Water,phone (785) 296-4195, or the nearest KDHE DistrictOffice (see inside back cover). 28-5-6 stipulates that all domestic wastewatershall be discharged to an approved sewage collectionsystem or an approved lagoon, septic system, or alterna-tive system.

6 Domestic wastewater means all waterbornewastes produced at family dwellings in connection withordinary living including kitchen, toilet, laundry,shower, and bath tub wastewater. It also includes similartype wastewater, produced at businesses, churches,industrial, and commercial facilities or from a home shall be discharged to aproperly designed and maintained septic tank soil a b-sorption field or wastewater pond, an approved alterna-tive treatment and disposal system, or a permittedsewage treatment plant. Seepage pits, cesspools, and drywells (rat holes) are not permitted. This bulletin pro-vides information on conventional soil absorption fields,wastewater ponds, and alternatives that may be consid-ered when conventional absorption fields or ponds arenot 4-2 covers five basic elements of properseptic tank la teral field system Design :1.

7 Wastewater flow,2. soil and site evaluation,3. septic tank Standards , for Design , construction andinstallation,4. lateral field Design and construction , and5. system bulletin also addresses basic principles for waste-water bulletin is intended to provide information ontreatment of domestic wastewater. Domestic wastewaterexcludes surface runoff from roof, paved areas, or othersurfaces; subsurface drainage from springs, foundationdrains, and sump pump; or cooling water. Industrial orcommercial wastewater (from shops, manufacturing, carwashes, etc.) is not permitted to be discharged to anonsite soil absorption system, so it shall not be mixedwith domestic following the Standards established in Bulletin4-2 and your county s sanitary code, you actively con-tribute to protecting the environment and qualityof life for your family, your neighbors, your community,and other Kansans.

8 Your contribution is appreciated!2 Wastewater FlowsOne major concern in the Design of householdwastewater systems is the quantity of wastewater gener-ated daily. The system must have enough capacity toaccommodate and treat this total flow. Normal contribu-tions to this flow will come from bathroom, kitchen,and laundry facilities. Kansas regulations require that alldomestic wastewater be treated and disposed throughthe onsite system. Surface runoff from roofs and pavedareas, subsurface drainage from footing drains and sumppumps and cooling water are not domestic wastewaterand must be excluded from soil absorption water may be used to help maintain the operatingwater level in wastewater flow is estimated by multiplying the numberof household bedrooms by 150 gallons per day (gpd).

9 This is based on 75 gallons per person per day for twopeople in each bedroom1. This accounts for the numberof people that can occupy the home for extendedperiods rather than how many actually live there whenthe system is installed. Houses frequently experience achange in ownership or occupancy over the life of thewastewater system. When calculating wastewater flow,note that a water softener may increase water use by asmuch as 10 gallons per capita per day or possibly morewhere water is very and Soil EvaluationAlthough the septic tank is important for removingsolids from the wastewater, more of the wastewatertreatment is provided by the soil. Microorganisms livingin the soil profile feed on organic matter in the waste-water, treating and purif ying the water as they feet of aerated soil below the bottom of the absorp-tion field is necessary to ensure adequate treatment ofthe wastewater before it reaches the water table or flowslaterally due to a restrictive sandy soil, it is recommended that as muchvertical separation as possible be provided.

10 An under-standing of the soil is necessary to assess the ability ofthe site to provide good wastewater treatment. Soil mustabsorb the septic tank effluent, treat the wastewater, andtransmit treated wastewater away from the soil absorp-tion site evaluation begins by reviewing availableinformation such as a published soil survey and thenevaluating the soil on site. County soil survey reportsare usually available from the local Natural ResourceConservation Service (NRCS, formerly Soil ConservationService). Contact your local NRCS office, county conser-vation district or Extension office for a copy of the report. The soil survey provides general information andserves as a guide to the soil conditions. Sites characterizedby slow permeability, restrictive subsoil layer, shallow soilover rock, high groundwater, poor drainage, or steepslopes, as identified in the soil survey, have moderate toTABLE 1 Soil Limit ation Ratings Used by NRCS For Wastewater Absorption FieldsLIMITSP ropertySlightModerateSevereRestriction or FeatureUSDA Texture IcePermafrost (not found in Kansas)FloodingNone, ProtectedRareCommonFlood water inundates siteDepth to Bedrock (in.)


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