Modern Indian History - Tutorialspoint

1 Indian History 1 About the Tutorial History is a subject that gives the facts and perspectives of past events. In its given premises, it includes a wide range of topics such geographical conditions and human settlements, society and cultures; type of governance and administrative systems; trade and economic policy; interstate relationships; wars and battles, etc. in the time frame of Ancient, Medieval, and Modern . So, History is one of the essential disciplines of Social Science to know the past and design the future accordingly. This tutorial is divided into different chapters and explains the concept of historical facts in a given time frame-work. Audience This tutorial is designed exclusively for the students preparing for the different competitive exams including civil services, banking, railway, eligibility test, and all other competitive exams of such kind.

2 Prerequisites This tutorial is entirely based on ncert History Old Books (class 8th to 12th); all the important points, concepts, and facts are filtered carefully; therefore, prior knowledge of basic History or else having experience of reading ncert History books is essential to understand the topics. Disclaimer & Copyright Copyright 2021 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. All the content and graphics published in this e-book are the property of Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. The user of this e-book is prohibited to reuse, retain, copy, distribute, or republish any contents or a part of contents of this e-book in any manner without written consent of the publisher. We strive to update the contents of our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as possible, however, the contents may contain inaccuracies or errors.

3 Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. provides no guarantee regarding the accuracy, timeliness, or completeness of our website or its contents including this tutorial. If you discover any errors on our website or in this tutorial, please notify us at Indian History 2 Table of Contents About the Tutorial .. 1 Audience .. 1 Prerequisites .. 1 Disclaimer & Copyright .. 1 Table of Contents .. 2 DECLINE OF MUGHAL EMPIRE .. 12 BAHADUR SHAH I .. 14 JAHANDAR SHAH .. 16 FARRUKH SIYAR .. 18 MUHAMMAD SHAH .. 21 NADIR SHAH S OUTBREAK .. 23 AHMED SHAH ABDALI .. 25 CAUSES OF DECLINE OF MUGHAL EMPIRE .. 27 Political Cause .. 27 Religious Cause .. 28 Wars of Succession & Civil Wars .. 28 Foreign Invasion.

4 30 SOUTH Indian STATES IN 18TH CENTURY .. 31 Hyderabad and the Carnatic .. 32 Mysore .. 33 Kerala .. 36 NORTH Indian STATES IN 18TH CENTURY .. 38 Avadh .. 38 Indian History 3 The Rajput States .. 39 The Jats .. 41 Bangash and Rohelas .. 41 The Sikhs .. 42 Punjab .. 44 Bengal .. 45 MARATHA POWER .. 47 Rise & Fall of Martha Empire .. 47 Balaji 47 ECONOMIC CONDITIONS IN 18TH CENTURY .. 53 Agriculture .. 53 Trade .. 53 SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN 18TH CENTURY .. 57 Hindu .. 57 Muslim .. 58 STATUS OF WOMEN .. 59 ARTS AND PAINTINGS .. 62 Literary Works .. 63 SOCIAL 64 Education .. 64 THE BEGINNINGS OF EUROPEAN TRADE .. 66 Trade Routes .. 66 THE PORTUGUESE .. 69 Decline of Portuguese .. 73 Indian History 4 THE DUTCH.

5 74 THE ENGLISH .. 76 EAST INDIA COMPANY (1600-1744) .. 79 The Beginning and Growth of East India Company .. 79 INTERNAL ORGANIZATION OF THE COMPANY .. 83 Company s Factories in India .. 85 ANGLO-FRENCH STRUGGLE IN SOUTH INDIA .. 86 Introduction .. 86 Dupleix .. 87 THE BRITISH CONQUEST OF INDIA .. 91 The British Occupation of Bengal .. 91 Dual Administrative System in Bengal .. 92 MYSORE CONQUEST .. 94 Haider Ali .. 94 Tipu Sultan .. 95 LORD WELLESLEY (1798-1805) .. 97 Administrative Plans of Wellesley .. 97 Subsidiary Alliance .. 98 Chiefs of Maratha Empire .. 100 LORD HASTINGS .. 102 CONSOLIDATION OF BRITISH POWER .. 106 Conquest of Sindh .. 106 Conquest of Punjab .. 106 LORD DALHOUSIE (1848-1856).

6 109 Indian History 5 Doctrine of Lapse .. 109 BRITISH ADMINISTRATIVE POLICY .. 112 The Structure of the Government .. 112 The Regulating Act of 1773 .. 113 Pitt s India Act .. 114 Charter Act of 1813 .. 115 Charter Act of 1833 .. 115 BRITISH ECONOMIC POLICIES .. 117 The Industrial Revolution (in Britain) .. 118 The Drain of Wealth .. 119 TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION .. 120 Development of Railway .. 120 Postal & Telegraph System .. 122 LAND REVENUE POLICY .. 123 The Permanent Settlement .. 123 Ryotwari Settlement .. 125 Mahalwari System .. 126 ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE .. 127 Strength of British Administrative System .. 127 JUDICIAL ORGANIZATION .. 133 SOCIAL AND CULTURAL POLICY .. 137 Spread of Modern Education.

7 138 Weakness of Educational System .. 140 SOCIAL AND CULTURAL AWAKENING .. 141 Raja Ram Mohan Roy .. 141 Indian History 6 Henry Vivian Derozio .. 144 Tatvabodhini 145 Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar .. 146 Jotiba Phule .. 147 THE REVOLT OF 1857 .. 149 Immediate Cause of Revolt .. 149 MAJOR CAUSES OF 1857 REVOLT .. 151 Economic Cause .. 151 Socio-Political Cause .. 151 Religious Cause .. 153 Historical Cause .. 153 Beginning of Revolt - Views .. 154 DIFFUSION OF 1857 REVOLT .. 155 CENTERS OF 1857 158 158 Kanpur .. 158 Lucknow .. 159 Jhansi .. 159 Arrah (Bihar) .. 160 OUTCOME OF 1857 REVOLT .. 161 Weaknesses of Revolt .. 162 CRITICISM OF 1857 163 ADMINISTRATIVE CHANGES AFTER 1858 .. 165 Introduction.

8 165 PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATION .. 168 Indian History 7 LOCAL BODIES .. 170 CHANGE IN ARMY .. 171 PUBLIC SERVICE .. 173 RELATIONS WITH PRINCELY STATES .. 174 ADMINISTRATIVE POLICIES .. 176 Divide and Rule Policy .. 176 Hostility to Educated Indians .. 176 Attitude towards Zamindars .. 177 Attitude towards Social Reforms .. 177 Restrictions on the Press .. 178 Racial Antagonism .. 179 EXTREME BACKWARDNESS OF SOCIAL SERVICES .. 180 Labor Legislation .. 180 INDIA & HER NEIGHBORS .. 182 Introduction .. 182 RELATION WITH NEPAL .. 184 War with Nepal, 1814 .. 184 RELATION WITH BURMA .. 186 First Burmese War, 1824-26 .. 186 Second Burmese War (1852) .. 188 Third Burmese War (1885) .. 190 Freedom Struggle of Burma.

9 193 RELATION WITH AFGHANISTAN .. 194 The First Afghan War .. 196 Indian History 8 Policy of Non-Interference .. 198 Second Afghan War .. 198 Third Anglo-Afghan War .. 200 RELATION WITH TIBET .. 202 RELATIONS WITH SIKKIM .. 205 RELATIONS WITH BHUTAN .. 207 ECONOMIC IMPACT OF BRITISH RULE .. 208 Disruption of Traditional Economy .. 208 Poverty and Famines .. 210 NATIONALIST MOVEMENT (1858-1905) .. 212 Consequence of Foreign Domination .. 212 PREDECESSORS OF INC .. 218 Major Public Associations .. 218 Indian NATIONAL CONGRESS .. 222 Aims of INC .. 223 INC & REFORMS .. 225 Constitutional Reforms .. 225 Economic Reforms .. 226 Administrative Reforms .. 226 Methods of Political Work .. 227 Attitude of the Government.

10 228 RELIGIOUS & SOCIAL REFORMS .. 229 Religious Reforms .. 229 Brahmo Samaj .. 229 Indian History 9 Religious Reform in Maharashtra .. 230 Theosophical Society .. 230 Religious Reform among Muslims .. 231 Religious Reform among Parsis .. 232 Religious Reform among Sikhs .. 232 RELIGIOUS REFORMERS .. 233 Ramakrishana and Vivekananda .. 233 Swami Dayanand (Arya Samaj).. 234 Sayyid Ahmad Khan (Aligarh School) .. 235 Muhammad Iqbal .. 236 WOMEN S EMANCIPATION .. 237 STRUGGLE AGAINST 239 NATIONALIST MOVEMENT (1905-1918) .. 241 Introduction .. 241 Recognition of True Nature of British Rule .. 241 Growth of Self-respect and Self-confidence .. 242 Existence of Militant Nationalist School of Thought .. 242 PARTITION OF BENGAL.