MODULE 2: Identifying and analysing the …

1 IiiiiMODULE 2: Identifying and analysing the stakeholders and establishing networksiiiiiiiiiiMODULE 2: Identifying and analysing the stakeholders and establishing networksiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMODULE 2: Identifying and analysing the stakeholders and establishing networksCONTENTSCONTENTSCONTENTSCONTENTS CONTENTSMODULE 2: Identifying AND analysing THESTAKEHOLDERS ANDESTABLISHING NETWORKSO bjectives1 Session 32 Introduction to stakeholder analysis2 The stakeholders2 Identifying the stakeholders and creating a list3 Drawing out stakeholders interests in relation3to the project Assessing the influence and importance of5 stakeholdersCombining influence and importance in a matrix6diagramIdentifying assumption and risks about stakeholders 7 Identifying appropriate stakeholder participation8 Session 49 Introduction to networking9 The networks9 Self-leadership10 Effective relationships: the relationships audit10 Networking: the networks audit11 References13 Skill sheet - Self-leadership14 Skill sheet - Developing and maintaining16relationshipsSkill sheet - Networks and networking18 Facilitator s guide - stakeholder analysis21ivivivivivMODULE 2.

2 Identifying and analysing the stakeholders and establishing networksExercise sheet - stakeholder listing tool23 Exercise sheet - stakeholder interest tool25 Exercise sheet - stakeholder influence and26importance toolExercise sheet - stakeholder clarification tool27 Exercise sheet - stakeholder risk assessment29toolExercise sheet - Summary stakeholderparticipation matrix tool31 Facilitator s guide - Networking33 Exercise sheet - Self-leadership skills audit tool34 Exercise sheet - Relationship audit and36planning toolExercise sheet - Network audit tool3711111 MODULE 2: Identifying and analysing the stakeholders and establishing networksMMMMMODULEODULEODULEODULEODULE 2 2 2 2 2 Identifying AND analysing THESTAKEHOLDERS ANDESTABLISHING NETWORKSO bjectivesObjectivesObjectivesObjectivesO bjectivesUpon completing this session, the reader should be ableto.

3 Identify key stakeholders and assess their interestsand influenceDevelop a stakeholder participation strategyUnderstand the elements of self-leadershipUnderstand the skills required for developingeffective relationshipsIdentify existing networksEstablish appropriate networks 555555555555555555555555555555 MODULE 2 Identifying and Analysingthe Stakeholders andNetworksMODULE 5 Managing Communicationand the Change ProcessMODULE 3 Understanding theContextual EnvironmentMODULE 1 Identifying the Problemand the Desired OutcomeMODULE 6 Monitoring and Evaluatingthe ProjectMODULE 4 Understanding the Policy,Political and Decision-Making ProcessesTTTTTT22222 MODULE 2: Identifying and analysing the stakeholders and establishing networksSession 3 Session 3 Session 3 Session 3 Session 3 Introduction tostakeholder analysisStakeholder analysis is a technique you can use to identifyand assess the importance of key people, groups of people,and institutions that may influence the success of your activityor analysis should always be done at the beginningof a project, even if it involves simply making a quick list ofstakeholders and their interests.

4 You can use this techniquealone or with your team members. However, a teamapproach is likely to be more effective than an individualdoing the analysis alone. The type and scale of the project,and the complexity of the issues, will determine how muchtime you should devote to this stakeholdersFindings can provide early and essential information about: Who will be affected Who could influence the process or outcomes Which individuals, groups or organisations need to beinvolved; and Whose capacity needs to be enhanced to enable themto analysis helps assess a project environment,and to determine how best to negotiate during discussionsabout the project. More specifically, doing a stakeholderanalysis can: draw out the interests of stakeholders in relation to theproblems which the project is seeking to address (at theidentification stage) or the purpose of the project (once ithas started); identify conflicts of interest between stakeholders, whichwill influence the assessment of a project s riskiness; help to identify relations between stakeholders which canbe built upon, and may enable coalitions of projectsponsorship, ownership and cooperation.

5 And help to assess the appropriate type of participation bydifferent stakeholders, at successive stages of the :are persons, groups orinstitutions with interests ina project or policy or whomay be directly orindirectly affected by theprocess or the STAKEHOLDERS:are those who cansignificantly influence, orare important to the successof the 2: Identifying and analysing the stakeholders and establishing networksIdentifying thestakeholders andcreating a listStakeholders can be listed and categorized in various a simple list of those who have an interest in theissue is a good starting point. (See Exercise Sheet )ExampleUsing the Health Centre Case Study, a brainstorming session washeld with fellow staff members and a representative from theprofessional association. Based on this discussion, a list ofstakeholders was developed.

6 The checklist was used to ensurethat the list was comprehensive. The list of stakeholders includedthe following:Stakeholders:ClientsDepartment HeadClients familiesUnionLocal communityProfessional associationStaff NursingOther local health servicesStaff - OthersOther health services in similar positionManagement of centreDepartment Chief NurseLocal politicianMinister of HealthLocal mediaLocal general medical practitionersExerciseUsing the stakeholder List (Exercise Sheet ) record the likelystakeholders in your outstakeholders interests in relationto the projectThe list of stakeholders forms the basis for Identifying theinterest each stakeholder has in the project, and the project slikely impact on them. By going through the checklistprovided below, the interest each stakeholder has in theproject can be identified.

7 The likely or actual impact of theproject on these interests should be assessed. (See ExerciseSheet )44444 MODULE 2: Identifying and analysing the stakeholders and establishing networksExampleStakeholderInterestClient sHave a very strong interest but not acohesive familiesHave a very strong interest but not acohesive communityHave a very strong interest but not acohesive or informed NursingAll the nursing staff are affected but afew of them do not want to - OthersThere is some self-interest of the staff just want the problemto go away and do not want to of centreWant the problem to go away. Notinterested in change since the healthcentre is now operating within itsbudget. Concerned that change willbring more politicianIs indifferent at the moment but anelection is coming mediaNot much interest at the moment but ifgiven the right information at the righttime (election) could be HeadHas been told to sort out the budgetproblem.

8 Has done this so does notwant the problem revisited at but has bigger issueselsewhere at the associationInterested but has limited local health servicesHave an interest as clients are startingto move to use their services, and aretherefore putting pressure on health services inHave a stake in the project being asimilar positionsuccess therefore may be Chief NurseCan provide covert support but has aconflict of of HealthThis project may not be a priority butan election is coming up so may wishto have this issue resolved general medicalHave to deal with disgruntled clientspractitionerstherefore they may provide somesupport to the the stakeholder Interest Tool (Exercise Sheet ) record theinterests of the 2: Identifying and analysing the stakeholders and establishing networksAssessing theinfluence andimportance ofstakeholdersKey stakeholders are those who can significantly influence,or are important to the success of, the is the power which stakeholders have over a project- to control what decisions are made, facilitate itsimplementation, or exert influence which affects the projectnegatively.

9 Influence is perhaps best understood as theextent to which people, groups or organizations ( ) are able to persuade or coerce others intomaking decisions and follow certain courses of indicates the priority given by you to satisfyingstakeholders needs and interests through the is likely to be most obvious when stakeholderinterests in a project converge closely with your objectives.(See Exercise Sheet )ExampleA group brainstormed the likely influence and importance of the listedstakeholders in the Health Centre ProjectStakeholderInterestInfluenceImpor tanceAs perU=UnknownU=Unknownexercise influence influence2=Some influence2=Some influence3=Moderate3=Moderate influence influence4=Significant4=Significant influenceinfluence5=Very influential5=Very influential1. Clients252. Clients families253. Local communityU54. Staff Nursing355.

10 Staff - OthersU26. Management of centre427. Local politician428. Local media429. Department Head5110. Union2311. Professional association3512. Other local health services3413. Health services in similar position3414. Department Chief of general medical practitioners4266666 MODULE 2: Identifying and analysing the stakeholders and establishing networksExerciseUsing the stakeholder Influence and Importance Tool (Exercise ) record the influence and importance of the influenceand importance in amatrix diagramImportance and influence can be combined by using a matrixdiagram. This is done by positioning stakeholders in relativeterms according to the two broad criteria in a two by twomatrix. This exercise in positioning will indicate relative risksposed by specific stakeholders, and the potential groupingof support for the project.