Multilayer Insulation Material Guidelines

1 ,MarshallSpaceFlightCenter, ,Huntsville,AlabamaNationalAeronauticsan dSpaceAdministrationMarshallSpaceFlightC enter MSFC, ,notasgenericterms(forexample,notallhook -and-pilefastenersareVelcrobrand).3 MCo.:Nextel, :Dacron,Kapton,Kevlar,Mylar,Nomex,Nylon, Tedlar,TeflonKamenWipingMaterials,Inc.:R ympleclothTexwipeCo.:Alpha10wipeVelcroUS A,Inc.:Velcro,Hi-GardeAvailablefrom:NASA C enterforAeroSpaceInformation800 ElkfidgeLandingRoadLinthicumHeights,MD21 090-2934(301)621-0390 NationalTechnicalInformationService5285 PortRoyalRoadSpringfield,VA22161(703) (Continued) 'spayloadbayisseenherewiththeSpacelabmod ule(right)andcrewtransfertunnel(lefttoce nter) ,forupto2wkatatime, ,dependingontheirorientationrelativetoth elineofflight, (a) ,ahaircover, (thesameasforpotatochipbags) (b)Twotechnicians,alsowearingglovesandfa cemasks, ,andaneatlystitchedcutoutstrip,fromthele ftside,foraprotrusion(Boeingphotos).

2 Severalreflectors'layersarestitchedtomak eacompleteblanket(photocourtesyofBoeing) ..22, (a)beforeand(b) (c)Kaptonand(d) , ,slowerdebrisposesagreaterhazardtoMLIwhi chcanerodewithlongexposure, (6in.)..25 VLISTOFFIGURES(Continued),Toprotectareas wheretheMLIhaddegradedinorbit(a),astrona utsappliedMLIrepairpatches(b)totheexteri oroftheHubbleSpaceTelescope(c)duringtheJ anuary1997servicingmission(STS-82). ,thealuminizedpolyimidelayersareelectric allyconnectedbyaluminumfoil(thegrounding insert),andametalgrommetthroughtheblanke tconnectsthelayerstothegroundstrap(froma Boeingdrawing).. , , , , , (nowpartofBoeingCo.)MaterialsandProcesse sMultilayerinsulationMarshallSpaceFlight CenterMaterialsUsageAgreementNationalAer onauticsandSpaceAdministrationPolytetraf luoroethyleneSpaceStationFreedom(nowISS) ,multilayerinsulation(MLI) ,anMLIdesignmayrangefromafewsimpleblanke tstoaseriesofsubblanketstofitcomplexgeom etries( ).

3 Typically, ,anumberofguidelinesmustbefollowedinsele ctingmaterials,designingthemintothespace craft, (Sectionofbookinparentheses)OuterCover( )"LightBlock(ifnecessary)MetallizedRefle ctor( )[NettingSpacer( )(15to20 Reflector/SpacerLayers,Total)MetallizedS eflector( )NettingSpacer( )IInnerCover( )Structure/_ IAdhesiveTransferTape( )GlassFabricTape( )Adhesives( )MetallizedTape( )GroundingTape( )/ExposedThreads( )NonexposedThreads( )Hook-and-PileConnectors( ) , ( )andtheLong-DurationExposureFacility(LDE F)( ),andoutlinesotherconcerns( ). 'spayloadbayisseenherewiththeSpacelabmod ule(right)andcrewtransfertunnel(lefttoce nter) ,forupto2wkatatime, ,dependingontheirorientationrelativetoth elineofflight, ,withspecifications,sources, ; , ,endorsement,orpreference,eitherexpresse dorimplied, ,eachdesignmustmeettheoutgassingrequirem entsofSP-R-0022 Aand,ifinvolvingline-of-sightproximityto sensitiveoptics, , ,thelatestmanufacturer' , 'latestcatalogsandspecifications,whichar eupdatedfrequently, , ,OdorandOffgassingRequirementsandTestPro ceduresforMaterialsinEnvironmentsthatSup portCombustionMeteoroidEnvironmentModel( Near-EarthtoLunarSurface)MeteoroidEnviro nmentModel(InterplanetaryandPlanetary) ,Glass;Tape,TextileGlass.]

4 AndThread,GlassandWire-ReinforcedGlassFa stenerTapes,HookandPile,SyntheticFilmsan dPlasticSheets,PolyesterandPolyimideStan dardsandSpecifications,OrderofPreference fortheSelectionofThread,Nylon,Non-meltin g(TypicallyreplacedbyA-A-50195) ,ControlledEnvironment(Notitlegiven) (SingleRip)MethodPeelAdhesionofPressure- SensitiveTapeat180*AnglePeelAdhesionofPr essure-SensitiveTapeUsedforElectricaland ElectronicApplicationsGlassFiberCordandS ewingThreadTestMethodforEmittanceofSurfa ceSolarConstantandAirMassZeroSolarSpectr alIrradianceTablesStandardTestMethodforT otalMassLossandCollectedVolatileCondensa bleMaterialsfromOutgassingmaVacuumEnviro nmentSolarAbsorptance,Reflectance, ,specifications, , ( ). , < >10-5torr,theconductivityoftheMLIquicklyr evertstoapproximatelytheconductivityofai r,thusdegradingtheMLIblanket' ,bywayofaMaterialsUsageAgreement(MUA),th atmaterialsusedinthefabricationofMLIblan kethardwaremeetallofthespacecraftmateria lsrequirementsbyconsideringthenonoperati onalandoperationalrequirementsforthepart icularapplication,designengineeringprope rtiesofthecandidatematerials, ,butarenotlimitedto,nonoperationalandope rationalthermallimits,loads,fluidenviron ments,chargedparticles,ultraviolet(UV)ra diation,electricalbondingandgrounding,co ntamination, ,storage,handling, ,MLImaterialsfallintotwobroadcategorieso fbasematerials,inorganicandorganic, (andprincipaltradenames)are:Inorganic:Fi berglasswovencloth(Betacloth)Organic:Pol yesterorPET(Mylar),polytetrafluoroethyle neorPFTE(Teflon),polyimide(Kapton),polyf luorovinylorPVF(Tedlar).

5 7(a)(b)Figure5.(a) ,ahaircover, (thesameasforpotatochipbags) (b)Twotechnicians,alsowearingglovesandfa cemasks, ,andaneatlystitchedcutoutstrip,fromthele ftside,foraprotrusion(Boeingphotos). ,flaking, , , (AO).NASATM-104748containsdataonthefailu reofalooserweaveBetacloth(SheldahlG41450 0) , ,byanexposureof500equivalentSunhourstoUV radiationinvacuum, , , , , , (pores)inmanufacturers' ,madeeitherbyaneedle(perforation)orahole punch(porolation).Becausemanypatterns,ho lesizes,andholedensitiesareavailable, , ,Ted,,Kaplon,Teflon,Tollon,AluminizedRei nforcedCoated&BackedBackedCoated& ,trans-Fiberglasswovenclothimpregnatedwi thPTFET eflon(500F:nosilicone)Fiberglasswovenclo thimpregnatedwithPTFET eflonwithonesidealuminizedopenweaveNomex bondedw/polyesteradhesive,onesidealumini zedparentindiumtinoxideconductiveFcoatin gandIaluminumbackingFEPT eflon,vacuumdepositedsilverandInconelbac kinglayersTeflon,transparentindiumtinoxi deconductivecoatingandsilverilnconelback ingVendorsChemfabChemfab,OunmoreSheldahl ,DunmoreSheldahl,DunmoreSheldahl,Ounmore Sheldahl,OunmoreWeavePlainPlainTexture,w arpxfill,yamgcm(_n.)

6 32x24(85x60)32x24(85x60)N/AN/A!NIAN/AYar nfiberdiam,mm(in.) (104( ) ( )Fabric/filmthickness,cm(in.) ( ) ( ) ( )+20%[1](1][1]Weight,gm/cm2(Ib/yd2) ( ) (( )[11(2][3]Tensilestrength, ,ko/cm(Ib/in)16(90)16(90)---Fill,ko/cm(I b/in) (60) (GO)Elongationatbreak,% ,kg(Ib), ( ) ( ) ,"C(1:)Continuous,min/rnax-72/107(-100/2 25)<175(350)<204(400)-73/65(-100/150)Int ermittent,rain/max-184/150(300/300)-184/ 260(-3ooK,oo)<2o4(400)-73/65(-100/150)Te flonbyweight,%17-2217-22-Aluminumthickne ss,_350-Sudaceresistivity,fl/square250,0 00250,000 Solarabsorptance(a), (whiteside) (VDAside) [1] (e), (whiteside) (VDAside) [1112][31 EnvironmentalcompatibilityAO,UVAO,UVSoor t-termAOShort-termAOShort-termk,OShort-t ermAOLon0-termUVLong-termLIVLong-termINF lightuseLDEF,OV,/SSEOIM-3,ISSHST,LDEF-HS T,LDEFW eight,solarabsorptance,andinlraredemissi vitylotcoversofvaryiqthicknesses[1]Kapto n[2]Teflon,backed[3]Teflon,coatedThickne sscm(mil)i( {10,0)]gm/cm2(Ib/yd2) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (Ib/yd2}egrWcm2(Ib/yd2) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ) ( ) ( ) (LEO) , (useASTM-E408-71).))))

7 ,mm(mil)metal,AWeight,gm/cm2(oz/yd2) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )Temperature,"C('F)Continuous,max/minInt ermittent,max/minAbsorptance,a(max/typ)I nfraredemittance,eAluminizedKaptonMDAC-S TM0691,iTypeII,Class1,GradeASingleordoub lealuminizedGoldlzedKaptonRockwellMB0135 -038,TypeII,Class1,GradeASingleordoubleg oldizedAluminizedMylarMDACSTM0691,TypeII ,Class1,GradeADoublealuminizedSheldahl,D unmoreSheldahlSheldahl, ( )1, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )-250/288(-420/550)-420/750(-250/400) ; ; [21-250/+288(-420/550)-250/+400(-420/750 ) ; ; [ ( )1, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )-250193(-420/200)11]-250/150(-4201300) ; ; ,DunmoreSheldahl, ( );300( );30026o(5oo)< < (500)< < [1]Temperaturerangefordouble-aluminizedM ylarmaybelimitedto120"C(250"F) [2]Kapton, ,cm(in.) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )0, ( ) ( ) [3]Mylar,singlealuminizedThickness,cm(in .) ( ) ( ) ( )[ ( ) ( ) ( )I0'27I0' (a) ,MDAC--STM0605-03 Description100%polyesterfabric100%Nomexa ramidmesh1fabricmesh2 VendorsApexMillsStem&SternTextiles, ,mm(in.)]]

8 + ( ) + ( )ConstructionMeshes/cm2( ) (50 8) (51 8)Denierfilaments4040 Wei0ht,gm/rn2(oz/yd2) + ( + ) + ( )Burststrength, (10) (10)(Ib/in.)Temperaturerangecontinuous," C(*F)-70+120(-94+250)continuous-70+177(- 94+350)intermittent-70+120(-94+250)conti nuous-70+177(-94+350)intermittent1 Dacronnettingmayshrinkandmeltabove177"C( 350"F) , , ,vendorshavestartedofferingcomplexlamina tescomprisingreflective,impact-resistant ,andstructuralmaterialsplusseveralmetalc oatings, , ,TypeII,Class2,RockwellMB0135-048,TypeII ,LAC-22-4448(G);varieswiththefilmGradeBC lass2,GradeBandfabricusedDescriptionPoly imidereinforcedwitharamidDoublegoldizedp olyimidereinforcedAluminizedpolyimdewith fiberglass(Nomexorequivalent)openweavewi tharamid(Nomexorequivalent)backingfabric ; ,ComplexPlasticsDunmore,ComplexPlasticsD unmore,SheldahlAvailablethicknesses,mm(i n.) , , ( ) 56% ( ) 56%( , , ) 20%Metallizedthicknesses,A1,000750300 ReinforcementLenoweave, (16x15/in.)

9 Lenoweave, (16x15/in.)1070or108fiberglassyamcountof 200denieryamyarncountof2_)denieryarnPlya dhesion,kg/cm(Ib/in.) ( ) ( ) ( )Tearresistance,kg(Ib) (3) (3)1( )Tensilestrength,ko/cm(Ib/in.) (40) (25) (100) (40) (20) (100)Elongation,% ;550 Porotation,pinholes/m2(ft2)145,300 2152(13,500 200)145,300 2152(13,500 200)N/A(Lightvisiblethrough90%ofholes)Op enarea3%ofsurfaceWeight,gm/m2(oz/yd2)50( )-50( )Infraredemittance(e) < , ,0-06149(H)LockheedMartin/Denver,0-06149 (H)BoeingD683-29034-1(D)DescriptionAlumi numcoatedCorrosionresistant,perforatedAl uminumcoated,perforatedVendorsOunmore,Sh sidahlDunmore,SheldahlDunmore,SheldahlLa yersequenceTeflon, , , ,aluminumcoatedDB-15corrosioncoatingFEP, , ,aluminumcoatedNomex,aluminumcoatedTensi lestrength,kg/cm(Ib/in.) (45) (45) (45)Tearstrength,kg(Ib) (10) (10) (10)Materialyield,gm/m2(oz/yd2)74( )74( )74( )Maximumtemperature,"C('F)<121(<250)<121 (<250)<121(<250)Emittance(e)< < < (a)< < < *Aluminumcoatingsare356,_forDunmore,1, ,paraffin, ,TypeII,SizeEMIL-T-43636,TypeI,SizeEMIL- T--43636,TypeI,SizeFDescriptionAramid,no nmelting,lowAramid,nonmelting,low-Aramid ,nonmelting,low-Polyimidethreadw/stainle ssvolatilecontentthread, ,mm(in.

10 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )PliesTwist,tums/cm(in.) ( ) ( ) (8) ( )Yield,m/kg(fl/Ib),max,rain4167,45604288 ,59803226,340719882813,3078(6200,6784)28 95,4038(6380,8899)2178,2300(4800,5070)13 43(2959)Breakingstrength,kg(Ib) ( ) ( ) ( ) (20)Elongation,maximum%383838(notavailab le)Maximumoperationtemp.,<329(625)<329(625)<329(625)<371(700)"C('F)25%fail@371(700)25%fail@ C(400 F) ,upto66 C(150 (See1) < , <. ( ) ,DM-140M006061 DescriptionPSAw/conductiveBlackE7polyimidewithBlackE7polyimidewithparticles1966 PSA2966 PSA3 Vendors3 MDunmoreDunmoreThickness,mm(in.) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )Tensilestrength,-3,022(17,000)3,022(17,000)kg/cm(Ib/in.)Unwindforce,gm/cm(odin.)Adhesion,gm/cm(odin.)279(25)<4x109 Resistance,[_]squareInfraredemittance,Absorptance,ct279(25)<109< (max)> > < < (M006061). ,suchasriveting,tothespacecraft, ( )perapplicationwithatleast5cm(2in.) ,allow6-12mm( )overhangoftheblanketassemblytopreventAO erosion, (2in.))