NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY

1 NALANDA open UNIVERSITY ( environmental Studies) PART I, PAPER I (Fundamentals of environmental Science & Ecology) Annual Examination, 2012 Time : 3 Hours Full Marks : 80 fdUgha ik p iz'uksa ds m kj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa AfdUgha ik p iz'uksa ds m kj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa AfdUgha ik p iz'uksa ds m kj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa AfdUgha ik p iz'uksa ds m kj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa A Answer any Five Questions. All questions carry equal marks. 1. Define environmental Science and discuss its principle and scope. i; foKku dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, rFkk blds fl)kUr ,oa {ks= dk foospu dhft, A 2. Describe the following : fuEukafdr dk dhft, %& (i) Hydrosphere ty eaMy (ii) Lithosphere LFky eaMy (iii) Biosphere tho eaMy 3. Discuss the origin and classification of lakes and describe the transport phenomenon of fresh water bodies. ljksojksa dh mRif k ,oa dh foospuk dhft, rFkk LoPN tyh; lzksrksa dh laogu ?}

2 KVuk dk dhft, A 4. What is the meaning of Autecology. Discuss its various aspects. LoikfjfLFkfrdh dk rkRi;Z D;k gS \ blds fofHkUu vk;keksa dk dhft, A 5. Write an essay on Ecological Pyramids. ikfjfLFkfrd fijkfeM ij ,d ys[k fyf[k, A 6. Define Productivity. Write about the types of Productivity. How will you measure Productivity ? mRikndrk dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, A mRikndrk ds fofHkUu izdkjksa ds fo"k; esa fyf[k, \ vki mRikndrk dk ekiu fdl izdkj djsaxs \ 7. Write a descriptive note on forest ecosystem. ou ikfjfLFkfrd ra= ij ,d fyf[k, A 8. Describe type and features of Aquatic ecosystem. tyh; ifjfLFkfrd ra= ds izdkj ,oa fo'ks"krkvksa dk dhft, A 9. What is climax community ? Describe various types of climax community. pje leqnk; D;k gS \ pje leqnk; ds fofHkUu izdkjksa dk dhft, A 10. Write short notes on any Two of the following : fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nksnksnksnks ij laf{kIr ;k fyf[k, %& (i) Carban Cycle dkcZu p (ii) Biome thokse (iii) Grazing Food Chain pjh; vkgkj J`a[kyk (iv) Population Density lef"V ?]]]]]]]}

3 KuRo Revised Examination Programme-2012 (Part I) environmental Science Date Papers Time Examination Centre Paper-I PM to PM NALANDA open UNIVERSITY , Patna Paper-II PM to PM NALANDA open UNIVERSITY , Patna Paper-III PM to PM NALANDA open UNIVERSITY , Patna Paper-IV PM to PM NALANDA open UNIVERSITY , Patna Paper-V PM to PM NALANDA open UNIVERSITY , Patna Paper-VI PM to PM NALANDA open UNIVERSITY , Patna Paper-VII PM to PM NALANDA open UNIVERSITY , Patna Paper-VIII PM to PM NALANDA open UNIVERSITY , Patna NALANDA open UNIVERSITY ( environmental Studies) PART I, PAPER II ( environmental Geo-Science) Annual Examination, 2012 Time : 3 Hours Full Marks : 80 fdUgha ik p iz'uksa ds m kj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa AfdUgha ik p iz'uksa ds m kj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa AfdUgha ik p iz'uksa ds m kj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa AfdUgha ik p iz'uksa ds m kj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa A Answer any Five Questions.

4 All questions carry equal marks. 1. Examine the hypothesis of Kant regarding origin of the solar system. lksyj flLVe dh mRif k ds ckjs esa dkUV dh ifjdYiuk dk ijh{ dhft, A 2. Critically examine the hypothesis of Chamberlein and Moulton regarding origin of the solar system. lkSjeaMy dh mRif k ds lEcU/k esa pSEcjysu rFk k ekSyVu dh ifjdYiuk dk vkykspukRed ijh{ dhft, A 3. What is the basis of Standard Time Scale ? Discuss the Standard Time Scale in detail. ekud le; ekid dk vk/kkj D;k gS \ ekud le; ekid dh foospuk foLrkj ls dhft, A 4. Bring out of the difference between igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks and explain their mode of formation with the help of three examples each. vkXus;] volknh rFkk :ikUrfjr pV~Vkuksa esa vUrj Li"V dhft, rFkk izR;sd ds rhu nsrs gq, mudh fof/k Li"V dhft, A 5. What do you mean by Heat Budget of the earth ? Describe the heat budget of the earth. i`Foh ds rki&ctV ls vki D;k le>rs gsa \ i`Foh ds rki ctV dk izLrqr dhft, A 6.}}

5 Classify various landscape on the earth and give their short description. i`Foh ij fofHkUu Hkw ksa dk dhft, rFkk mudk laf{kIr nhft, A 7. What is understood by EL-NINO and LA-NINA ? Elucidate. ,y&fuuks ,oa yk&fuuk ls D;k le>rs gSa \ Li"V dhft, A 8. Clarify the causes of earthquake and discuss its impact. HkwdEi ds dks Li"V dhft, rFkk mlds izHkko dh foospuk dhft, A 9. Discuss about the major environmental pollutants and their effects on human health. izeq[k i; iznw" rFkk ekuo LokLF; ij mlds izHkkoksa ds ckjs esa ppkZ dhft, A 10. Discuss the impact of trace elements on electrolyte balance, immune system and hormonal balance. bysDV ksykbV larqyu] izfrjks/kd ,oa gkeksZuy larqyu ij fojy r oksa ds izHkkoksa dk foospu dhft, A NALANDA open UNIVERSITY ( environmental Studies) PART I, PAPER III ( environmental chemistry ) Annual Examination, 2012 Time : 3 Hours Full Marks : 80 fdUgha ik p iz'uksa ds m kj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa AfdUgha ik p iz'uksa ds m kj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa AfdUgha ik p iz'uksa ds m kj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa AfdUgha ik p iz'uksa ds m kj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa A Answer any Five Questions.}

6 All questions carry equal marks. 1. Discuss the concept of environmental chemistry and highlight the importance of environmental chemistry . i; jlk;u dh ladYiuk dh foospuk dhft, rFkk i; f'k{kk ds v/;;u esa i; jlk;u ds eg o ij izdk'k Mkfy, A 2. Atmosphere has broadly been divided into how many regions ? Explain, in brief, each of them. Mention the temperature profile of those regions. ok;qeaMy dks eq[;r% fdrus {ks=ksa esa ck Vk x;k gS \ izR;sd dk la{ksi esa O;k[;k dhft, A bu {ks=ksa ds rkieku izksQkby dks crkb, A 3. Trace the sources of organic particulate matter in the atmosphere. ok;qeaMy esa dkcZfud ; inkFkks ds lzksr dks crkb, A 4. What do you mean by ozone layer depletion ? Describe, in brief, the main causes of the depletion. vkstksu ijr { ls D;k le>rs gSa \ { ds izeq[k dk la{ksi esa dhft, A 5. What do you mean by clarification of water ? Describe, in brief, different methods employed for removal of coarse and colloidal impurities of water.]]]}}}}}}}

7 Ikuh ds lQkbZ ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ ikuh ds eksVkis (coarse) ,oa ikuh ds dksykbMy nks"k dks nwj djus ds fy, dk;Zjr fofHkUu fof/k;ksa dk la{ksi esa dhft, A 6. Write short notes on the following : fuEukafdr ij laf{kIr ;k fyf[k, %& (i) Reverse Osmosis Method fjolZ vkWleksfll fof/k (ii) Ion-exchange method for purification of water ikuh ds 'kqf) ds fy, vk;u ,DlpsUl fof/k 7. Give a reasoned account of the formation of acidic soil. What are its effects on plants ? How could this kind of soil be reclaimed and improved ? vEyh; e`nk ds dk nhft, A ikS/kksa ij bldk D;k izHkko gS \ bl izdkj dh e`nk dks fdl izdkj vf/k r dj blesa lq/kkj fd;k tk ldrk gS \ 8. Describe, in brief, the common method of classification of toxic chemicals. fo"kSys inkFkks ds ds lkekU; rjhds dk la{ksi esa dhft, A 9. Write an essay on physical properties of Soil. e`nk ds HkkSfrd ij ,d fucU/k fyf[k, A 10. Examine the function of nutrient elements in plants.]]}}}

8 What are their deficiency symptoms. ikS/kksa esa iks"kd r oksa ds dk;ks dk ijh{ dhft, A ikS/kksa esa mudh deh ds D;k y{ gksrs gSa \ NALANDA open UNIVERSITY ( environmental Studies) PART I, PAPER IV (Biodiversity, Its Conservation & Microbiology) Annual Examination, 2012 Time : 3 Hours Full Marks : 80 fdUgha ik p iz'uksa ds m kj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa AfdUgha ik p iz'uksa ds m kj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa AfdUgha ik p iz'uksa ds m kj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa AfdUgha ik p iz'uksa ds m kj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa A Answer any Five Questions. All questions carry equal marks. 1. Write an essay on genesis and evolution of Biodiversity. tSo fofo/krk dh mRif k ,oa mn~fodkl ij ,d fucU/k fyf[k, A 2. Write an essay on geographical expansion of Biodiversity at national level. jk"V h; Lrj ij tSo fofo/krk ds HkkSxksfyd foLrkj ij ,d fucU/k fy[ksa A 3. Define hotspots of biodiversity and give accounts of conservational efforts of hotspots.]]}}

9 TSo fof/krk ds eq[; LFkyksa dks ifjHkkf"kr dht, rFkk eq[; LFkyksa ds laj{ ds iz;klksa dk ys[kk&tks[kk izLrqr dhft, A 4. What is biodiversity? Evaluate the necessity of biodiversity conventions in the context of the endangering of biodiversity. tSo fofo/krk D;k gS \ tSo fofo/krk ladV ds lanHkZ esa tSo fofo/krk lfU/k dh vfuok;Zrk dk ewY;kadu dhft, A 5. Examine the pattern of distribution and importance of microorganisms. lw{e thoksa ds ds izk:i ,oa eg o dk ijh{ dhft, A 6. Give a brief account of Carbon cycle and Hydrogen cycle. How are they important for life system. dkcZu p ,oa gkbM kstu p dk izLrqr dhft, A thou&ra= ds fy, os fdl izdkj eg gSa A 7. Write a short note on commensalism. lgHkksftrk ij laf{kIr fyf[k, A 8. Write a descriptive note on the topic of treatment of solid wastes using microorganism. lw{e thoksa ds mi;ksx ls Bksl vif'k"V mipkj fo"k; ij ,d fyf[k, A 9.]]]]]]}}}}}

10 Discuss the properties and chemical composition of vermicompost. dsapqvk [kkn dh fo'ks"krk, ,oa jklk;fud lajpuk dh foospuk dhft, A 10. Write short notes on any Two of the following : fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nksnksnksnks ij laf{kIr ;k fyf[k, %& (i) Rhizobium jkbtksfc;e (ii) Mutualism or Symbiosis lgthou (iii) Fermenter QesZUVj (iv) COP lh vks ih NALANDA open UNIVERSITY ( environmental Studies) PART I, PAPER V (Natural Resources and their Conservation) Annual Examination, 2012 Time : 3 Hours Full Marks : 80 fdUgha ik p iz'uksa ds m kj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa AfdUgha ik p iz'uksa ds m kj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa AfdUgha ik p iz'uksa ds m kj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa AfdUgha ik p iz'uksa ds m kj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa A Answer any Five Questions. All questions carry equal marks. 1. Discuss the following fuEukafdr dk foospu dhft, %& (i) Feature of Natural Resources izk frd lalk/ku dh fo'ks"krk, (ii) Dynamism of Resources lalk/ku dh xR;kRedrk 2.]]]}