NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY

1 NALANDA open UNIVERSITY (Environmental Studies) part I, PAPER I (Fundamentals of Environmental Science & Ecology) Annual Examination, 2012 Time : 3 Hours Full Marks : 80 fdUgha ik p iz'uksa ds m kj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa AfdUgha ik p iz'uksa ds m kj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa AfdUgha ik p iz'uksa ds m kj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa AfdUgha ik p iz'uksa ds m kj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa A Answer any Five Questions. All questions carry equal marks. 1. Define Environmental Science and discuss its principle and scope. i; foKku dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, rFkk blds fl)kUr ,oa {ks= dk foospu dhft, A 2. Describe the following : fuEukafdr dk dhft, %& (i) Hydrosphere ty eaMy (ii) Lithosphere LFky eaMy (iii) Biosphere tho eaMy 3.}

2 Discuss the origin and classification of lakes and describe the transport phenomenon of fresh water bodies. ljksojksa dh mRif k ,oa dh foospuk dhft, rFkk LoPN tyh; lzksrksa dh laogu ?kVuk dk dhft, A 4. What is the meaning of Autecology. Discuss its various aspects. LoikfjfLFkfrdh dk rkRi;Z D;k gS \ blds fofHkUu vk;keksa dk dhft, A 5. Write an essay on Ecological Pyramids. ikfjfLFkfrd fijkfeM ij ,d ys[k fyf[k, A 6. Define Productivity. Write about the types of Productivity. How will you measure Productivity ? mRikndrk dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, A mRikndrk ds fofHkUu izdkjksa ds fo"k; esa fyf[k, \ vki mRikndrk dk ekiu fdl izdkj djsaxs \ 7. Write a descriptive note on forest ecosystem.]]]

3 Ou ikfjfLFkfrd ra= ij ,d fyf[k, A 8. Describe type and features of Aquatic ecosystem. tyh; ifjfLFkfrd ra= ds izdkj ,oa fo'ks"krkvksa dk dhft, A 9. What is climax community ? Describe various types of climax community. pje leqnk; D;k gS \ pje leqnk; ds fofHkUu izdkjksa dk dhft, A 10. Write short notes on any Two of the following : fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nksnksnksnks ij laf{kIr ;k fyf[k, %& (i) Carban Cycle dkcZu p (ii) Biome thokse (iii) Grazing Food Chain pjh; vkgkj J`a[kyk (iv) Population Density lef"V ?kuRo Revised Examination Programme-2012 ( part I) Environmental Science Date Papers Time Examination Centre Paper-I PM to PM NALANDA open UNIVERSITY , Patna Paper-II PM to PM NALANDA open UNIVERSITY , Patna Paper-III PM to PM NALANDA open UNIVERSITY , Patna Paper-IV PM to PM NALANDA open UNIVERSITY , Patna Paper-V PM to PM NALANDA open UNIVERSITY , Patna Paper-VI PM to PM NALANDA open UNIVERSITY , Patna Paper-VII PM to PM NALANDA open UNIVERSITY , Patna Paper-VIII PM to PM NALANDA open UNIVERSITY , Patna NALANDA open UNIVERSITY (Environmental Studies) part I, PAPER II (Environmental Geo-Science)]]]]}

4 Annual Examination, 2012 Time : 3 Hours Full Marks : 80 fdUgha ik p iz'uksa ds m kj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa AfdUgha ik p iz'uksa ds m kj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa AfdUgha ik p iz'uksa ds m kj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa AfdUgha ik p iz'uksa ds m kj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa A Answer any Five Questions. All questions carry equal marks. 1. Examine the hypothesis of Kant regarding origin of the solar system. lksyj flLVe dh mRif k ds ckjs esa dkUV dh ifjdYiuk dk ijh{ dhft, A 2. Critically examine the hypothesis of Chamberlein and Moulton regarding origin of the solar system. lkSjeaMy dh mRif k ds lEcU/k esa pSEcjysu rFk k ekSyVu dh ifjdYiuk dk vkykspukRed ijh{ dhft, A 3.}}

5 What is the basis of Standard Time Scale ? Discuss the Standard Time Scale in detail. ekud le; ekid dk vk/kkj D;k gS \ ekud le; ekid dh foospuk foLrkj ls dhft, A 4. Bring out of the difference between igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks and explain their mode of formation with the help of three examples each. vkXus;] volknh rFkk :ikUrfjr pV~Vkuksa esa vUrj Li"V dhft, rFkk izR;sd ds rhu nsrs gq, mudh fof/k Li"V dhft, A 5. What do you mean by Heat Budget of the earth ? Describe the heat budget of the earth. i`Foh ds rki&ctV ls vki D;k le>rs gsa \ i`Foh ds rki ctV dk izLrqr dhft, A 6. Classify various landscape on the earth and give their short description. i`Foh ij fofHkUu Hkw ksa dk dhft, rFkk mudk laf{kIr nhft, A 7.}

6 What is understood by EL-NINO and LA-NINA ? Elucidate. ,y&fuuks ,oa yk&fuuk ls D;k le>rs gSa \ Li"V dhft, A 8. Clarify the causes of earthquake and discuss its impact. HkwdEi ds dks Li"V dhft, rFkk mlds izHkko dh foospuk dhft, A 9. Discuss about the major environmental pollutants and their effects on human health. izeq[k i; iznw" rFkk ekuo LokLF; ij mlds izHkkoksa ds ckjs esa ppkZ dhft, A 10. Discuss the impact of trace elements on electrolyte balance, immune system and hormonal balance. bysDV ksykbV larqyu] izfrjks/kd ,oa gkeksZuy larqyu ij fojy r oksa ds izHkkoksa dk foospu dhft, A NALANDA open UNIVERSITY (Environmental Studies) part I, PAPER III (Environmental Chemistry) Annual Examination, 2012 Time : 3 Hours Full Marks : 80 fdUgha ik p iz'uksa ds m kj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa AfdUgha ik p iz'uksa ds m kj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa AfdUgha ik p iz'uksa ds m kj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa AfdUgha ik p iz'uksa ds m kj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa A Answer any Five Questions.

7 All questions carry equal marks. 1. Discuss the concept of Environmental Chemistry and highlight the importance of Environmental Chemistry. i; jlk;u dh ladYiuk dh foospuk dhft, rFkk i; f'k{kk ds v/;;u esa i; jlk;u ds eg o ij izdk'k Mkfy, A 2. Atmosphere has broadly been divided into how many regions ? Explain, in brief, each of them. Mention the temperature profile of those regions. ok;qeaMy dks eq[;r% fdrus {ks=ksa esa ck Vk x;k gS \ izR;sd dk la{ksi esa O;k[;k dhft, A bu {ks=ksa ds rkieku izksQkby dks crkb, A 3. Trace the sources of organic particulate matter in the atmosphere. ok;qeaMy esa dkcZfud ; inkFkks ds lzksr dks crkb, A 4. What do you mean by ozone layer depletion ?]]}}}}

8 Describe, in brief, the main causes of the depletion. vkstksu ijr { ls D;k le>rs gSa \ { ds izeq[k dk la{ksi esa dhft, A 5. What do you mean by clarification of water ? Describe, in brief, different methods employed for removal of coarse and colloidal impurities of water. ikuh ds lQkbZ ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ ikuh ds eksVkis (coarse) ,oa ikuh ds dksykbMy nks"k dks nwj djus ds fy, dk;Zjr fofHkUu fof/k;ksa dk la{ksi esa dhft, A 6. Write short notes on the following : fuEukafdr ij laf{kIr ;k fyf[k, %& (i) Reverse Osmosis Method fjolZ vkWleksfll fof/k (ii) Ion-exchange method for purification of water ikuh ds 'kqf) ds fy, vk;u ,DlpsUl fof/k 7. Give a reasoned account of the formation of acidic soil.]]}}}}}

9 What are its effects on plants ? How could this kind of soil be reclaimed and improved ? vEyh; e`nk ds dk nhft, A ikS/kksa ij bldk D;k izHkko gS \ bl izdkj dh e`nk dks fdl izdkj vf/k r dj blesa lq/kkj fd;k tk ldrk gS \ 8. Describe, in brief, the common method of classification of toxic chemicals. fo"kSys inkFkks ds ds lkekU; rjhds dk la{ksi esa dhft, A 9. Write an essay on physical properties of Soil. e`nk ds HkkSfrd ij ,d fucU/k fyf[k, A 10. Examine the function of nutrient elements in plants. What are their deficiency symptoms. ikS/kksa esa iks"kd r oksa ds dk;ks dk ijh{ dhft, A ikS/kksa esa mudh deh ds D;k y{ gksrs gSa \ NALANDA open UNIVERSITY (Environmental Studies) part I, PAPER IV (Biodiversity, Its Conservation & Microbiology) Annual Examination, 2012 Time : 3 Hours Full Marks : 80 fdUgha ik p iz'uksa ds m kj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa AfdUgha ik p iz'uksa ds m kj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa AfdUgha ik p iz'uksa ds m kj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa AfdUgha ik p iz'uksa ds m kj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa A Answer any Five Questions.]}}}

10 All questions carry equal marks. 1. Write an essay on genesis and evolution of Biodiversity. tSo fofo/krk dh mRif k ,oa mn~fodkl ij ,d fucU/k fyf[k, A 2. Write an essay on geographical expansion of Biodiversity at national level. jk"V h; Lrj ij tSo fofo/krk ds HkkSxksfyd foLrkj ij ,d fucU/k fy[ksa A 3. Define hotspots of biodiversity and give accounts of conservational efforts of hotspots. tSo fof/krk ds eq[; LFkyksa dks ifjHkkf"kr dht, rFkk eq[; LFkyksa ds laj{ ds iz;klksa dk ys[kk&tks[kk izLrqr dhft, A 4. What is biodiversity? Evaluate the necessity of biodiversity conventions in the context of the endangering of biodiversity. tSo fofo/krk D;k gS \ tSo fofo/krk ladV ds lanHkZ esa tSo fofo/krk lfU/k dh vfuok;Zrk dk ewY;kadu dhft, A 5.]]]]]]}