NAME ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE

1 NAMEORIGININSERTIONACTIONNERVEEYE EXPRESSIONS Frontalis1galea aponeuroticaskin of eyebrows and root of nose raises the eyebrows wrinkles the forehead horizontallyFacialCorrugator supercilii 2arch of frontal bone above nasal boneskin of eyebrow draws eyebrows medially and inferiorly wrinkles the forehead vertically (frowning)FacialLevator palpebrae superioris3tendinous band around optic foramen (near annular ring)upper eyelid raises eyelidsOculomotorOrbicularis oculi4frontal and mazillary bones and ligaments around orbittissue of eyelid blinking squinting draws eyebrows inferi-orlyFacial42 NAMEORIGININSERTIONACTIONNERVEEYEBALL MOVERSS uperior rectus5annular ringsuperior eyeball elevates the eyeOculomotorInferior rectus 6annular ringinferior eyeball depresses the eyeOculomotorMedial rectus7annular ringmedial eyeball moves the eye mediallyOculomotorLateral rectus8annular ringlateral eyeball moves the eye laterallyAbducensSuperior oblique9annular ringsuperior lateral eye-ball via trochlea depresses the eye & turns it laterallyTrochlearInferior oblique10medial orbit surfaceinferolateral eye surface elevates the eye & turns it laterallyOcolomotor55687899101 NAMEORIGININSERTIONACTIONNERVEMOUTH MOVERSL evator labii superioris11zygomatic bone & infraorbital margin of maxillaskin & muscle of

2 Up-per lip raises & furrows the up-per lipFacialZygomaticus minor 12zygomatic boneskin & muscle @ corner of mouth raises lateral corners of mouth (smiling)FacialZygomaticus major13zygomatic boneskin & muscle @ corner of mouth raises lateral corners of mouth (smiling)FacialRisorius14lateral facia assoc. with masseter muscleskin @ angle of mouth draws corner of lip later-ally tense of lips synergist of zygomaticusFacialBuccinator15molar region of max-illa and mandibleorbicularis oris draws corner of mouth laterally compresses cheek (suck-ing) holds food between teeth during chewingFacialDepressor anguli oris16body of mandible below incisorsskin & muscle @ angle of mouth (below INSERTION of zygomaticus) draws corner of mouth laterally & downward antagonist of zygomati-cusFacialDepressor labii inferioris17body and mandible lateral to its midlineskin & muscle of lower lip draws lower lip inferiorly (pout)FacialOrbicularis oris18arises directly from maxilla & mandibleencircles mouth.

3 Inserts into muscle & skin @ angles of mouth closes lips purses and protrues lips kissing & whistlingFacialPlatysma19fascia of chest (over pectoral muscle & deltoid)lower margin of mandible, and skin & muscle @ corner of mouth depresses mandible pulls lower lip back & downFacial121114151617181913 NAMEORIGININSERTIONACTIONNERVEMANDIBLE MOVERSM asseter20zygomatic arch and maxillaangle & ramus of mandible prime mover of jaw closure elevates mandibleTrigeminalTemporalis 21temporal fossacoronoid process of mandible closes jaw elevates & retracts man-dible synergist of pterygoids maintains position of mandible at restTrigeminalMedial pterygoid22medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone, maxilla & palatine bonemedial surface of mandible near its angle synergist of temporalis & masseter in elevation of the mandible act with lateral ptery-goid muscle to protrude mandible of to promote side-to-side movements (grinding)

4 TrigeminalLateral pterygoid23greater wing & lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bonecondyle of mandible and capsule of tem-poromandibular joint protrudes mandible provides forward sliding and side-to-side grinding movements of the lower teethTrigeminalNAMEORIGININSERTIONACTION NERVETONGUE MOVERSG enioglossus24internal surface of mandible near sym-physisinferior aspect of the tongue and body of hyoid bone primarily protrudes tongue can depress or act in con-cert with other extrinsic muscles to retract tongueHypoglossalStyloglossus 25styloid process of temporal bonelateral inferior aspect of tongue retracts (& elevates) tongueHypoglossalHyoglossus26body & greater horn of hyoid boneinferolateral tongue depresses tongue & draws its sides downwardHypoglossal20212223242526 NAMEORIGININSERTIONACTIONNERVESWALLOWING MUSCLESD igastric27lower margin of man-dible (anterior belly) & mastoid process of the temporal bone (posterior belly)by a connective tissue loop to hyoid bone acting in concert, elevate hyoid bone & steady it during swallowing & speech acting from behind, open mouth & depress mandibleMandibular branch of trigeminal (ante-rior belly)Facial (posterior belly)

5 Stylohyoid 28styloid process of temporal bonehyoid bone elevates & retracts hyoid -> elongate floor of mouth during swallowingFacialMylohyoid29medial surface of mandiblehyoid bone & medial raphe elevates hyoid bone & floor of mouth, enabling tongue to exert backward & upward pressure for swallowing Mandibular branch of tri-geminalGeniohyoid30inner surface of man-diblehyoid bone & medial raphe pulls hyoid bone su-periorly & anteriorly, shortening floor of mouth and widening pharynx for receiving foodFirst cervial spinal NERVE via hypoglossal nerveSternohyoid31manubrium & medial end of claviclelower margin of hyoid bone depresses larynx & hyoid bone if mandible is fixed may also flex skullCervical spinal nerves 1-3 Sternothyroid32posterior surface of manubriumthyroid cartilage pulls thyroid cartilage (plus larynx & hyoid) inferiorlyCervical spinal nerves 1-3 Omohyoid33superior surface of scapulahyoid bone, lower border depresses & retracts hyoid boneCervical spinal nerves 1-3 Thyrohyoid34thyroid cartilagehyoid bone depresses hyoid bone elevates larynx if hyoid is fixedFirst cervical NERVE via hypo-glossal272829303132333434 NAMEORIGININSERTIONACTIONNERVEWHOLE HEAD MOVERSS ternocleidomastoid35manubrium of ster-num & medial portion of claviclemastoid process of temporal bone & superior nuchal line of occipital bone prime mover of active head flexion (when act together) rotates head toward op-posite side (when act singularlyAccesory nerveSplenius (capitis)36ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of vertebrae C7-T6mastoid process of temporal bone & oc-cipital bone (capitis))

6 Extend or hyperextend head when act together rotate and bend head lat-erally toward same side when act on one sideCervical spinal nerves (dorsal rami)Semispinalis capitis37transverse process of C7-T12occipital bone (ca-pitis) extends head and move it to opposite side synergist with sterno-cleidomastoid of oppo-site sideSpinal nerves (dorsal rami)353637 NAMEORIGININSERTIONACTIONNERVETORSO EXTENDERSE rector spinaeIliocostalis38-Ailiac crests (luborum)inferior 6 ribs (tho-racis)ribs 3-6 (cervicis)angle of ribs (luborum & thoracis)cervical vertebrae C6-C4 (cervicis) extend vertebral column, maintain posture bend vertebral column to same side when act on one sideSpinal nerves (dorsal rami)Erector spinae Longissimus38-Btransverse process of lumbar through cervi-cal vertebraetransverse process of thoracic or cervical vertebrae and to ribs superior to ORIGIN ; mastoid process for capitis thoracis & cervicis act to-gether to extend vertebral column act on one side, bend it laterally capitis extends heads and turns the face toward same sideSpinal nerves (dorsal rami)Erector spinaeSpinalis38-Cspines of upper lum-bat & lower thoracic vertebraespines of upper thoracic & cervical vertebrae extends vertebral columnSpinal nerves (dorsal rami)Quadratus lumborum39iliac crest & lumbar fasciatransverse process of upper lumbar verte-brae & lower margin of 12th rib flexes vertebral column laterally when alone when together extends lumbar spine & fixes 12th rib maintains upright posture assists in forced breathingT12 & upper lumber spinal nerves (ventral rami)

7 38-A38-B38-C39 NAMEORIGININSERTIONACTIONNERVEBREATHING MUSCLESE xternal intercostals40inferior border of rib abovesuperior border of rib below elevate rib cage, aids in inspiration synergist of diaphragmIntercostalInternal intercostals 41superior border of rib belowinferior border (costal groove) of rib above depress rib cage, aid in forced expiration antagonist of external intercostalsIntercostalDiaphragm42inferi or, internal surface of rib cage & sternum, costal carti-lages of last six ribs & lumbar vertebraecentral tendon prime mover of inspira-tion, flattens on contrac-tionPhrenic404142 NAMEORIGININSERTIONACTIONNERVEABDOMINAL MUSCLESR ectus Abdominis43pubic crest & sym-physisxyphoid process & costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 flex & rotate lumbar re-gion of vertebral column fix & depress ribs stabilize pelvis during walking increase intra-abdominal pressureIntercostalsExternal oblique44outer surface of lower 8 ribslinea alba via aponeu-rosis when together, synergist to rectus abdominis, flex vertebral column & com-press abdominal wall when alone, synergist to muscles of back, roate & lateral flexion of trunkIntercostalsInternal oblique45lumbar fascia, iliac crest.

8 & inguinal liga-mentlinea alba, pubic crest, last 3 or 4 ribs, & costal margin same as external obliqueIntercostalsTransverse abdominis46inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia, carti-lages of last 6 ribs, iliac crestlinea alba, pubic crest compresses abdominal contentsIntercostals43 NAMEORIGININSERTIONACTIONNERVEPELVIC FLOOR MUSCLESL evator ani47inside pevis from pu-bis to ischial spine inner surface of coc-cyx supports & maintains pelvic viscera resists downward thrusts forms sphincters at ano-rectal junction & vagina lifts anal canal during defecationS4 & inferior rectalCoccygeus 48spine of ischiumsacrum & coccyx supports pelvic viscera supports coccyx & pulls it forwardS4 & S54747474844454643464544 NAMEORIGININSERTIONACTIONNERVESHOULDER MOVERSP ectoralis minor49anterior surface of ribs 3-5 (or 2-4)coracoid process of scapula draws scapula forward & downward (ribs fixed) draws rib cage superiorly (scaupla fixed)Both pectoral nervesSubclavius 50costal cartilage of rib 1groove on inferior surface of clavicle stablizes & depresses pectoral girdleNerve to subcla-viusSerratus anterior(boxer s muscle)51by series of muscle slips from ribs 1-9anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula agonist to protract & hold scapula against rib cage rotates scapula (infe-rior angle laterally & upward) abduct & raise arm & horizontal arm move-mentsLong thoracic nerveTrapezius52occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spines of C7 - T12spine & acromion of scapula, lateral 3rd of clavicle stablizes, raises, retracts & rotates scapula adducts & retracts scapula (middle) elevates scapula or syner-gist to head extension (suprior) depresses scapula & shoulder (inferior)

9 Accesory nerveLevator scapulae53transverse processes of C1-C4medial border of scapula, superior to spine elevates & adducts scapula (synergist to trapezius) tilts glenoid cavity down, flexes neck to same side (fixed scapula)Cervical spinal nerves & dorsal scapular nerveRhomboid minor54spinous processes of C7 & T1medial border of scapula retract scapula (squar-ing shoulders), synergist with middle fibers of Trapezius rotate glenoid cavity downward (lowering arm against resistence) stablize scapulaDorsal scapular nerveRhomboid major55spinous processes of T2-T5medial border of scapula49505152535455 NAMEORIGININSERTIONACTIONNERVEARM MOVERSP ectoralis major56sternal end of clavi-cle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6, & apo-neurosis of external oblique muscleby a short tendon into intertubercular groove of humerus agonist of arm flexion rotates arm medially adducts arm against resistance pulls rib cage upward with scapula fixed Lateral & medial pectoral nervesLatissimus dorsi 57via lumbodorsal fascia into spines of T7-L5, lower 4 ribs & iliac crestfloor of intertubercu-lar groove of humerus agonist of arm extension powerful arm adductor medially rotates arm & shoulder depresses scapula pulls body upward & forward with arms fixed overheadThoracodorsalDeltoid58lateral 3rd of clavicle.

10 Acromion & spine of scapuladeltoid tuberosity of humerus agonist of arm abduction with all fi-bers, antagonist of pectoralis major & latissimus dorsi flexes & medially rotates humerus with anterior fibers, synergist of pectoralis major extends & laterally rotates arms with posterior fibersAxillary nerveSupraspinatus59supraspinous fossa of scapulasuperior part of greater tubercle of humerus stabilizes shoulder joint helps prevent downward dislocation of humerusSuprascapular nerveInfraspinatus60infraspinous fossa of scapulagreater tubercle of humerus, posterior to supraspinatus helps to hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity stabilizes the shoulder joint rotates humerus laterallySuprascapular nerveSubscapularis61subscapular fossa of scapulalesser tubercle of humerus chief medial rotator of humerus, as-sisted by pectoralis major helps to hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity, stablizes shoulderSubcapular nerveTeres minor62lateral border of dor-sal scapular surfacegreater tubercle of humerus, inferior to infraspinatussame as infraspinatusAxillary nerveTeres major63posterior surface of scapula @ inferior angleintertubercular groove of humerus, tendon fused with tendon of latissimus dorsi posteromedially extends, medially rotates, & adducts arm synergist of latissimus dorsiLower scapular nerveCoracobrachialis64coracoid process of scapulamedial surface of humerus shaft flexion & adduction of humerus synergist of pectoralis majorMusculocutane-ous nerve565758596061626364 NAMEORIGININSERTIONACTIONNERVEFOREARM MOVERSB iceps brachii65long head (65-1): tuber-cle above glenoid cav-ity and lip of glenoid cavity of scapulashort head: (65-2): cora-coid process of scapulaby common tendon to radial