Nanoparticle Inks for Printed Electronics

1 NanoMas Technologies, IncNanoMas Technologies, IncNanoparticle inks Nanoparticle inks for Printed Electronicsfor Printed ElectronicsZhihaoZhihaoYangYangPresident & CTOP resident & CTONanoMas Technologies, Technologies, Revolutions in Electronics Technology Revolutions in Electronics for the Past 100 Yearsfor the Past 100 Years Vacuum Tube Transistors: 1906 Vacuum Tube Transistors: 1906 by Lee De Forest by Lee De Forest Solid State Transistors: 1947 by Solid State Transistors: 1947 by John Bardeen and Walter John Bardeen and Walter Brattain (Bell Telephone Brattain (Bell Telephone Laboratories)Laboratories) Integrated Circuits: 1958 by Jack Integrated Circuits: 1958 by Jack KilbyKilby(Texas Instruments)(Texas Instruments)What Next?

2 What Next? The industry has followed the prediction of MooreThe industry has followed the prediction of Moore s Law s Law for the last 40 years without major technology the last 40 years without major technology revolution. MooreMoore s Laws Law: The number of transistors per unit area is : The number of transistors per unit area is doubling every years. doubling every years. >>>>Gordon Moore (founder of Gordon Moore (founder of Intel Corporation).Intel Corporation). MooreMoore s Law is reaching its physical limit in next 5 to 10 s Law is reaching its physical limit in next 5 to 10 years.

3 Years. What will be the next technology revolution in the What will be the next technology revolution in the Electronics industry? Electronics industry?Look beyond the SiliconPentacene organic circuits on polymeric or cloth substrates Polymeric substrate AMLCDa"Si:H active matrix Gamma ray detector on polyimide substrate a"Si:H strain bridge arrayPlastic solar cellLowLow--Cost ICs on Arbitrary SubstratesCost ICs on Arbitrary SubstratesLarge Area & Flexible DisplaysLarge Area & Flexible DisplaysWorld's thinnest flexible active"matrix display (Philips)Flexible active matrix e"paper SVGA display (Plastic Logic)World's first 3mm thick flexible digital watch (Citizen)The plastic TFT"LCD display (Samsung)LowLow--cost RFIDs and Disposable Electronicscost RFIDs and Disposable ElectronicsCurrent cost: 7 Current cost.

4 7""10 cents per tag10 cents per tagTarget cost: 1 Target cost: 1""2 cents per tag2 cents per tagPrinted Electronics ManufacturingPrinted Electronics ManufacturingTremendous Market Growth Potential for Tremendous Market Growth Potential for Printed Electronics in Next 20 YearsPrinted Electronics in Next 20 YearsRecent report by Recent report by IDTechExIDTechExpredicts the PE market will reach $300B in 2027predicts the PE market will reach $300B in 2027$ $2, $4, $6, $8, $10, $12, $14, $ in Million(Data from NanoMarkets LLC)2011 Total PE Reveue $12,385 (in Million)

5 Printable Display, $3,801 RFID, $2,557 Printable Signage, $1,250 Printable Backplanes, $1,134 Printable Photovoltaic, $1,042 Other (21% Overall), $2,601 (Data from NanoMarkets LLC)Highly conductive and high resolution patterns fabricated using Highly conductive and high resolution patterns fabricated using lowlow>>cost and cost and rollroll>>toto>>roll processes (such as inkjet and gravure printing) are one of roll processes (such as inkjet and gravure printing) are one of the most the most critical technology components in making Printed Electronics andcritical technology components in making Printed Electronics anddisplaysdisplaysMarket of Applications: Market of Applications: Flat panel display backplanes (TFT electrodes and busFlat panel display backplanes (TFT electrodes and bus>>bars) bars) EMI Shielding : plasma display, LCD, etc EMI Shielding.

6 Plasma display, LCD, etc RFID tagsRFID tags Electroluminescent lighting Electroluminescent lighting Printed circuit boards (PCBs) Printed circuit boards (PCBs) Touch screensTouch screensPrinted ConductorsPrinted ConductorsNanoMas Solutions:Make conducting patterns using metal Nanoparticle inks !Technology Comparison for Printed ConductorsTechnology Comparison for Printed Conductors1010010>110010>110>610>510>410 >310>210 102103104105106 Conductive PolymersCarbon NanotubesSputtered ITOR esistivityConductivity(Ohm>cm)(S/cm)Silv er Micro>Powder PastesEvaporated MetalsMetal Nanoparticle InksPrintableVacuum ProcessedSizeSize--Dependent Melting Point of NanoparticlesDependent Melting Point of Nanoparticles232b mss lms slT TT L R = Ph.

7 Ph. BuffatBuffatand Jand J>>P. P. BorelBorel, , Phys. Phys. Rev. A,Rev. A,1313, 1976, 1976, 2287, 2287 Small particle size (in nanometers) Small particle size (in nanometers) significantly reduces the melting significantly reduces the melting temperature of NPs from the bulk temperature of NPs from the bulk melting point, allowing for very low melting point, allowing for very low processing temperatures (based on processing temperatures (based on surface melting) for sintering NPs surface melting) for sintering NPs into conducting conducting inks for Printed ElectronicsNanoparticle inks for Printed Electronics200 nmDeposited Ag nanoparticlesConductive Ag film on PET cured from Printed Nanoparticle inks nanoparticles can be stabilized in ink solutions by organic nanoparticles can be stabilized in ink solutions by organic ligandligandshells, which can be removed after printing.

8 Shells, which can be removed after printing. nanoparticles can be further cured or sintered to highly conductNanoparticles can be further cured or sintered to highly conductive ive films at low at low >150 C70>90 C150 CNanoMas Proprietary Technology: Producing High Quality NanoMas Proprietary Technology: Producing High Quality NanoparticlesNanoparticleswith Largewith Large--Scale and LowScale and Low--Cost ProcessesCost ProcessesA 50L pilot production A 50L pilot production reactor at NanoMasreactor at NanoMasNanoMas NanoMas silver silver nanoparticles nanoparticles with 5with 5>>6 nm 6 nm in size (SEM)in size (SEM)

9 NanoMas Ag Nanoparticle powders and inksNanoMas Ag Nanoparticle powders and inksNanoMas Proprietary Printable Metal NanoMas Proprietary Printable Metal Nanoparticle Conductive inks TechnologyNanoparticle Conductive inks Technology Unique all solution based Nanoparticle synthesis technology Unique all solution based Nanoparticle synthesis technology (patent pending), widely compatible with the low cost (patent pending), widely compatible with the low cost production processes in the chemical industryproduction processes in the chemical industry Low cost and fully scalable to large scale mass productionLow cost and fully scalable to large scale mass production Scaled up to pilot production with a 50 litter reactorScaled up to pilot production with a 50 litter reactor UltraUltra>>small Nanoparticle size (2 to 10 nm) with specially small Nanoparticle size (2 to 10 nm)

10 With specially designed surface chemistry allows low annealing designed surface chemistry allows low annealing temperature, short process time, and high conductivitytemperature, short process time, and high conductivity Variety of surface chemistry for different solvent dispersion Variety of surface chemistry for different solvent dispersion and applicationsand applications Low resistivity (as low as ~ Low resistivity (as low as ~ OPOP>>ccm, of pure Ag) m, of pure Ag) Low process temperature (as low as ~90 Low process temperature (as low as ~90 C) compatible with C) compatible with most plastic substratesmost plastic substrates Also curable by laser or UV light at room temperatureAlso curable by laser or UV light at room temperatureNano>Au (4 nm) Nanoparticle solution in cyclohexaneNano>Ag (5 nm) Nanoparticle solution in cyclohexaneAg nanoparticles in cyclohexane( max~ 416 nm)