National Primary Drinking Water Regulations

1 National Primary Drinking Water RegulationsContaminant MCL or TT1(mg/L)2 Potential health effects from long-term3 exposure above the MCLC ommon sources of contaminant in Drinking waterPublic Health Goal (mg/L)2 AcrylamideTT4 Nervous system or blood problems; increased risk of cancerAdded to Water during sewage/wastewater , liver, kidney, or spleen problems; anemia; increased risk of cancerRunoff from herbicide used on row cropszeroAlpha/photon emitters15 picocuries per Liter (pCi/L)Increased risk of cancerErosion of natural deposits of certain minerals that are radioactive andmay emit a form of radiation knownas alpha in blood cholesterol; decrease in blood sugarDischarge from petroleum refineries; fire retardants; ceramics; electronics; damage or problems with circulatory systems, and may have increased risk of getting cancerErosion of natural deposits; runoff from orchards; runoff from glass & electronics production wastes0 Asbestos (fibers >10 micrometers)7 million fibers per Liter (MFL)Increased risk of developing benign intestinal polypsDecay of asbestos cement in Water mains; erosion of natural deposits7 system or reproductive problemsRunoff from herbicide used on row in blood pressureDischarge of drilling wastes; dischargefrom metal refineries; erosionof natural ; decrease in blood platelets; increased risk of cancerDischarge from factories; leaching from gas storage tanks and landfillszeroBenzo(a)pyrene (PAHs) difficulties.

2 Increased risk of cancer Leaching from linings of Water storage tanks and distribution lesionsDischarge from metal refineries andcoal-burning factories; dischargefrom electrical, aerospace, anddefense photon emitters4 millirems per yearIncreased risk of cancerDecay of natural and man-made deposits of certain minerals that areradioactive and may emit forms ofradiation known as photons and risk of cancerByproduct of Drinking Water damageCorrosion of galvanized pipes; erosion of natural deposits; dischargefrom metal refineries; runoff fromwaste batteries and with blood, nervous system, or reproductive systemLeaching of soil fumigant used on riceand LEGENDDISINFECTANTDISINFECTION BYPRODUCTINORGANIC CHEMICALMICROORGANISMORGANIC CHEMICALRADIONUCLIDESLEGENDDISINFECTANTD ISINFECTION BYPRODUCTINORGANIC CHEMICALMICROORGANISMORGANIC CHEMICALRADIONUCLIDESN ational Primary Drinking Water RegulationsEPA 816-F-09-004 | MAY 2009 Contaminant MCL or TT1(mg/L)2 Potential health effects from long-term3 exposure above the MCLC ommon sources of contaminant in Drinking waterPublic Health Goal (mg/L)2 Carbon problems; increased risk of cancerDischarge from chemical plants and other industrial activitieszeroChloramines (as Cl2)MRDL= irritation; stomach discomfort.

3 AnemiaWater additive used to control microbesMRDLG= or nervous system problems; increased risk of cancerResidue of banned termiticidezeroChlorine (as Cl2)MRDL= irritation; stomach discomfortWater additive used to control microbesMRDLG=41 Chlorine dioxide (as ClO2)MRDL= ; infants, young children, and fetuses of pregnant women: nervous system effectsWater additive used to control microbesMRDLG= ; infants, young children, and fetuses of pregnant women: nervous system effectsByproduct of Drinking Water or kidney problemsDischarge from chemical and agricultural chemical (total) dermatitisDischarge from steel and pulp mills; erosion of natural ; Action Level= exposure: Gastrointestinal distress. Long-term exposure: Liver or kidney damage. People with Wilson s Disease should consult their personal doctor if the amount of copper in their Water exceeds the action levelCorrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion of natural exposure: Gastrointestinal illness ( , diarrhea, vomiting, cramps)Human and animal fecal wastezeroCyanide(as free cyanide) damage or thyroid problemsDischarge from steel/metal factories; discharge from plastic and fertilizer , , liver, or adrenal gland problemsRunoff from herbicide used on row kidney changesRunoff from herbicide used on rights of ,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane(DBCP) difficulties; increased risk of cancerRunoff/leaching from soil fumigantused on soybeans, cotton, pineapples, and , kidney, or circulatory systemproblemsDischarge from industrial ; liver, kidney, or spleen damage.

4 Changes in bloodDischarge from industrial , risk of cancerDischarge from industrial chemicalfactorieszeroLEGENDDISINFECTANTD ISINFECTION BYPRODUCTINORGANIC CHEMICALMICROORGANISMORGANIC CHEMICALRADIONUCLIDESN ational Primary Drinking Water RegulationsEPA 816-F-09-004 | MAY 2009 Contaminant MCL or TT1(mg/L)2 Potential health effects from long-term3 exposure above the MCLC ommon sources of contaminant in Drinking waterPublic Health Goal (mg/L)21, problemsDischarge from industrial chemical , problemsDischarge from industrial chemical ,2, problemsDischarge from industrial chemical problems; increased risk of cancerDischarge from industrial chemical factorieszero1, risk of cancerDischarge from industrial chemical factorieszeroDi(2-ethylhexyl) loss, liver problems, or possible reproductive difficultiesDischarge from chemical (2-ethylhexyl) difficulties; liver problems; increased risk of cancerDischarge from rubber and chemical difficultiesRunoff from herbicide used on soybeans and (2,3,7,8-TCDD) difficulties; increased risk of cancerEmissions from waste incineration and other combustion; discharge from chemical from herbicide and intestinal problemsRunoff from herbicide problemsResidue of banned cancer risk; stomach problemsDischarge from industrial chemical factories.

5 An impurity of some Water treatment or kidney problemsDischarge from petroleum with liver, stomach, reproductive system, or kidneys; increased risk of cancerDischarge from petroleum refinerieszeroFecal coliform andE. coliMCL6 Fecal coliforms and E. coli are bacteria whose presence indicates that the Water may be contaminated with human or animal wastes. Microbes in these wastes may cause short term effects, such as diarrhea, cramps, nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a special health risk for infants, young children, and people with severely compromised immune and animal fecal wastezero6 LEGENDDISINFECTANTDISINFECTION BYPRODUCTINORGANIC CHEMICALMICROORGANISMORGANIC CHEMICALRADIONUCLIDESN ational Primary Drinking Water RegulationsEPA 816-F-09-004 | MAY 2009 Contaminant MCL or TT1(mg/L)2 Potential health effects from long-term3 exposure above the MCLC ommon sources of contaminant in Drinking waterPublic Health Goal (mg/L) disease (pain and tenderness of the bones); children may get mottled teethWater additive which promotesstrong teeth; erosion of naturaldeposits; discharge from fertilizerand aluminum lambliaTT7 Short-term exposure: Gastrointestinal illness ( , diarrhea, vomiting, cramps)Human and animal fecal problems.

6 ReproductivedifficultiesRunoff from herbicide acids (HAA5) risk of cancerByproduct of Drinking Water damage; increased risk of cancerResidue of banned termiticidezeroHeptachlor damage; increased risk of cancerBreakdown of heptachlorzeroHeterotrophic plate count (HPC)TT7 HPC has no health effects; it is ananalytic method used to measure the variety of bacteria that are common in Water . The lower the concentration of bacteria in Drinking Water , the better maintained the Water system measures a range of bacteriathat are naturally present in or kidney problems; reproductive difficulties; increased risk of cancerDischarge from metal refineries and agricultural chemical or stomach problemsDischarge from chemical ; Action Level= and children: Delays in physical or mental development; children could show slight deficits in attention span and learning abilities; Adults: Kidney problems; high blood pressureCorrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion of natural depositszeroLegionellaTT7 Legionnaire s Disease, a type ofpneumoniaFound naturally in Water .

7 Multiplies in heating or kidney problemsRunoff/leaching from insecticide used on cattle, lumber, and (inorganic) damageErosion of natural deposits; discharge from refineries and factories; runoff from landfills and difficultiesRunoff/leaching from insecticide used on fruits, vegetables, alfalfa, and (measured as Nitrogen)10 Infants below the age of six months who drink Water containing nitrate in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die. Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue-baby from fertilizer use; leaching from septic tanks, sewage; erosion of natural deposits10 LEGENDDISINFECTANTDISINFECTION BYPRODUCTINORGANIC CHEMICALMICROORGANISMORGANIC CHEMICALRADIONUCLIDESN ational Primary Drinking Water RegulationsEPA 816-F-09-004 | MAY 2009 Contaminant MCL or TT1(mg/L)2 Potential health effects from long-term3 exposure above the MCLC ommon sources of contaminant in Drinking waterPublic Health Goal (mg/L)2 Nitrite (measured as Nitrogen)1 Infants below the age of six months who drink Water containing nitrite in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die.

8 Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue-baby from fertilizer use; leaching from septic tanks, sewage; erosion of natural deposits1 Oxamyl (Vydate) nervous system effectsRunoff/leaching from insecticide used on apples, potatoes, and or kidney problems; increased cancer riskDischarge from wood-preserving problemsHerbicide biphenyls (PCBs) changes; thymus gland problems; immune deficiencies; reproductive or nervous system difficulties; increased risk of cancerRunoff from landfills; discharge of waste chemicalszeroRadium 226 and Radium 228 (combined)5 pCi/LIncreased risk of cancerErosion of natural or fingernail loss; numbness in fingers or toes; circulatory problemsDischarge from petroleum and metal refineries; erosion of natural deposits; discharge from with bloodHerbicide , kidney, or circulatory system problemsDischarge from rubber and plastic factories; leaching from problems; increased risk of cancerDischarge from factories and dry loss; changes in blood; kidney, intestine, or liver problemsLeaching from ore-processing sites; discharge from electronics, glass, and drug system, kidney, or liver problemsDischarge from petroleum factories1 Total percent8 Coliforms are bacteria that indicate that other, potentially harmful bacteria may be present.

9 See fecal coliforms and E. coliNaturally present in the environmentzeroTotal Trihalomethanes (TTHMs) , kidney, or central nervous system problems; increased risk of cancerByproduct of Drinking Water , liver, or thyroid problems; increased risk of cancerRunoff/leaching from insecticide used on cotton and cattlezero2,4,5-TP (Silvex) problemsResidue of banned ,2, in adrenal glandsDischarge from textile finishing Primary Drinking Water RegulationsEPA 816-F-09-004 | MAY 2009 Contaminant MCL or TT1(mg/L)2 Potential health effects from long-term3 exposure above the MCLC ommon sources of contaminant in Drinking waterPublic Health Goal (mg/L)21,1, , nervous system, or circulatory problemsDischarge from metal degreasing sites and other ,1, , kidney, or immune system problemsDischarge from industrial chemical problems.

10 Increased risk of cancerDischarge from metal degreasing sites and other factorieszeroTurbidityTT7 Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness of Water . It is used to indicate Water quality and filtration effectiveness ( , whether disease-causing organisms are present). Higher turbidity levels are often associated with higher levels of disease-causing microorganisms such as viruses, parasites, and some bacteria. These organisms can cause short term symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and associated runoffn/aUranium30 g/LIncreased risk of cancer, kidney toxicityErosion of natural depositszeroVinyl risk of cancerLeaching from PVC pipes; discharge from plastic factorieszeroViruses (enteric)TT7 Short-term exposure: Gastrointestinal illness ( , diarrhea, vomiting, cramps)Human and animal fecal wastezeroXylenes (total)10 Nervous system damageDischarge from petroleum factories; discharge from chemical factories10 RADIONUCLIDESORGANIC CHEMICALMICROORGANISMINORGANIC C