Need to know medications for NCLEX

1 Need to know medications for NCLEXANALGESICS Opioids pain threshold by altering pain perceptionCommon Brand NamesANTICONVULSANTS interval between seizuresCommon Brand NameGeneric NameDilantinCarbamazepineValproic AcidDepakoteTegretolNeurontinPhenytoinGa bapentin *Neurontin is sometimes prescribed for chronic pain neuropathy *Monitor blood levels: Dilantin, Tegretol, and DepakoteANXIOLYTICS Azaspirodecanedione derivatives anxiety. Action unknown, thought to act by the amount/action of serotonin in certain parts of the NamesDemerolMeperidine HCLD ilaudidHydromorphoneDuragesic, SublimazeFentanylMorphine SulfateMorphine SulfateVicodin, NorcoHydrocodoneCommon Brand NamesGeneric NamesBusparBuspirone HydrochlorideANTIDEPRESSANTS SSRIs Act by inhibiting serotonin reuptake in CNSC ommon Brand NamesCelexaEffexorPaxilLexaproProzac Zoloft Generic NamesCitalopramVenlafaxineParoxetine Escitalopram OxalateFluoxetine BENZODIAZEPINES ( Pam & Lam)

2 Enhance/facilitate GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitterCommon Brand NamesGeneric NamesLorazepamAlprazolamAtivanDiazepamVa liumXanaxTRICYCLICS Act by blocking reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve endingsCommon Brand NamesGeneric NamesAmitriptylineElavilSertraline Brand NamesGeneric NamesAmbienLunestaZolpidem TartrateEszopicloneDIURETICS fluid volume in the body**NI= monitor daily weight under standard conditions, assess BP, I&O, presence of edemaGeneric NamesBumetanideTorsemideFurosemideLasixD emadexBumexCommon Drug NamesLOOP DIURETICS Inhibit reabsorption of Na+, CL-, K+ and H2O (in loop of Henle), but also in proximal and distal renal tubulesANTICOAGULANTS Interferes with blood clotting processes.

3 Used to prevent thrombus and embolusCommon Brand NamesCoumadinGeneric NamesWarfarinLovenoxHeparinEnoxaparinHep arin Sodium-from beef/porkThiazide Diuretics excretion of Na+, Cl-, K+, H2O in distal tube and ascending loop of HenleGeneric NamesCommon Brand NamesZaroxolynDiurilHydrodiuril, HCTZH ydrochlorothiazideChlorothiazide SodiumMetolazoneANTIPLATELETS Interferes with the 1ST step in the clotting process: platelet aggregationCommon Brand NamesGeneric NamesClopidogrelPlavixAcetylsalicylic AcidASA-aspirin *Pepto-Bismol contains aspirinPOTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS Contains aldosterone at receptor sites in distal tubule; excrete Na+, Cl-, H2O, not K+Spironolactone Common Brand NamesDyreniumGeneric (PRIL) ACE Inhibitors Block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II (potent vasoconstrictor)-Causing vasodilation and PVR (peripheral vascular resistance) without cardiac output/rate/contractility-Aldosterone is also blocked, causing a in Na+ and H2O retention.

4 Side effect: Nagging, nonproductive cough, angioedemaCapotenPrinivil, ZestrilRamiprilCaptoprilAltaceCommon Brand NamesGeneric NamesLisinoprilVasotecEnalapril *check potassium levelALPHA 1 ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS-(ZOSYN) Dilate blood vessels and (PVR)Common Brand NamesGeneric NamesHytrinMinipressTerazosinPrazosinALP HA 2 ANTAGONISTS centrally-acting anti-hypes causing amounts of norepinephrine to be released, sympathetic activityCommon Brand NamesClonidineCatapresGeneric NamesALPHA & BETA ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS-(LOL) Alpha blockers-block alpha 1 receptors vasodilation. Beta blockers-block beta 1 & beta 2 receptors: reduce HR, myocardial irritability, force of contraction depress automaticity of SA node, speed of AV & intraventricular conduction suppress release of renin from the kidneysGeneric NamesTrandate, NormodyneCoregCarvedilolLabetalolCommon Brand NamesBETA BLOCKERS-(OLOL) Prevent sympathetic stimulation of the heart, thus HR and contractility.

5 Myocardial irritability, depress automaticity of SA node, speed of AV & intraventricular conduction suppress release of renin from the Brand NamesMetoprolol TartrateLopressorToprol-XLTenorminMetopr olol SuccinateAtenololInderalPropranololGener ic Names *May cause CHANNEL BLOCKERS Block Na+ influx into the beta-receptors force of myocardial contraction/conductivity HR, PVR. Produce relaxation of coronary & vascular smooth muscle; dilates coronary arteries; myocardial O2 delivery, O2 demand. Side effect: edema, dysrhythmiasVerelan, Isoptin, CalanProcardiaNorvascVerapamilNifedipine AmlodipineCardizemDiltiazemCommon Brand NamesGeneric (SARTAN) block binding of angiotensin II at the receptor site, preventing vasoconstriction & aldosterone secreting effect usually caused by angiotensin II *Check Potassium LevelValsartanLosartanCandesartanGeneric NamesDiovanCozaarAtacandBrand NamesNITRATES Peripheral and coronary vasodilators.

6 Treat/prevent angina, BP, preload/afterload, myocardial O2 demand. **NI=rotate transdermal patches/remove after 12-14 hours =( patch free interval of 10-12 hours daily)ImdurNitroglycerinIsorbidIsordilSo rbitrateIsosorbide MononitrateIsosorbide DinitrateCommon Brand NamesNitro BIDT ridilTransderm NitroNitrostatGeneric NamesCARDIAC GLYCOSIDES Positive inotropes (improve contractility and cardiac output) Negative dromotropic slow AV conduction rate. Negative chronotropes HR & improve cardiac output. Act as antiarrhythmic via tropic effect. **NI=Monitor K+ level, S/S toxicityGeneric NamesBrand NamesDigoxinLanoxin *Monitor Dig & K+ level, S/S toxicityANTI-DIABETICS Sulfonylureas Promotes insulin secretion by the pancreas; tissue response to insulinGeneric NamesBrand NamesAmarylDiabetaGlynaseMicronaseGlucot rol (XL)GlimepirideGlyburideGlipizideBIGUANI DES hepatic glucose production & intestinal absorption of glucose improves insulin sensitivity (tissue response to insulin)GlucophageBrand NamesMetforminGeneric Names *Initial drug therapy for newly DX T2DM.

7 *Most common side effect: GI. *Rare side effect: Lactic acidosisGLITAZONES-(GLITAZONE) Decrease insulin resistanceAvandiaActosRosiglitazonePiogl itazoneGeneric NamesBrand Names *Edema; HF secondary to renal retention of fluidGLIPTINS (DPP-4 Enzyme Inhibitors) levels of incretins-naturally occurring substances control blood sugar by insulin release, especially after a NamesSitagliptinJanuviaGeneric PUMP INHIBITORS (PPI) Block final step of gastric acid production Ulcer-reducing Brand NamesGeneric NamesNexium Prilosec Protonix Pantoprazole Omeprazole EsomeprazoleH2-HISTAMINE RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS Inhibit histamine at histamine H2-receptor sites, gastric acid secretionANTIEMETICS Act by /preventing nausea & vomitingANTILIPIDEMICS STATINS (HMG-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS)

8 Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, an early step in cholesterol productionMISCELLANEOUS ANTILIPIDEMICSB rand NamesGeneric NamesPepcid Zantac Famotidine Ranitidine Brand NamesPhenergan Zofran Generic NamesPromethazineOndansetron Simvastatin Atorvastatin Rosuvastatin Generic NamesZocor Lipitor Crestor Brand Names *Rhabdomyolysis, HepatotoxicityBrand NamesGeneric NamesZetia Selective cholesterol absorption inhibitor Ezetimibe Inhibits absorption of cholesterol by small intestine TriCor Fibric Acid DerivativeLopid Fibric Acid DerivativeFenofibrate triglyceride synthesis in liverGemfibrozil triglyceride synthesis in liverQuestran Bile acid sequestrant(food additive improving quality)Cholestyramine Binds bile acids, impeding absorption(elimination in feces)

9 GI MEDS Non-absorbable medications used prophylactically to treat/prevent ulcers and GERD GI Protectant Mixes with gastric acid to form a protective coating of gastric mucosaBrand NamesGeneric NamesCarafate Sucralfate GI STIMULANT Act by resting tone of esophageal sphincter Promotes gastric emptying/intestinal transitReglan Brand NamesMetoclopramide Generic Names *Sometimes used with diabetic SOFTENERS surface tension of interfacing liquid contents of the bowel-promoting additional liquid into stools=softer Calcium Docusate SodiumGeneric NamesSurfak Colace Brand NamesCORTICOSTEROIDS inflammation, produce intentional immunosuppression, and treat adrenocortical insufficiency *Monitor WBC and Blood Glucose levelsGeneric NamesBetamethasone Dexamethasone Prednisone Hydrocortisone Methylprednisolone Brand NamesCelestone Decadron Deltasone Solu-Cortef Solu-Medrol ANTI-INFECTIVES AminoglycosidesANTIPROTOZOALB rand NamesGentamicin Streptomycin Tobramycin Generic NamesGentamicin Sulfate Streptomycin Sulfate Tobramycin Sulfate *No alcohol products, including mouthwash, aftershave, deodorant, bath splashes.

10 Disulfiram- type reaction may occur (flushing, nausea, vomiting, palpitations). -LACTAMs -Lactam antibiotics include: PCNs, cephalosporins, monobactams, carbapenems *Assess for allergies to any -Lactam antibioticGeneric NamesBrand NamesMetronidazole Flagyl RESPIRATORY medications Bronchodilators Relax bronchial smooth muscleBrand NamesGeneric NamesBrovana ForadilAtrovent XopenexSpirivaAdvairAdvair Diskus Proventil, VentolinFluticasone/Salmeterol *combo drug (flut-potent anti-inflam effects/Salm-bronchodilator)Tiotropium Levalbuterol Ipratropium Bromide Formoterol FumarateArformoterol Tartrate Albuterol Sulfate CEPHALOSPORINSR ocephin Generic NamesCeftriaxoneMaxipime CefepimeCefazolin Brand NamesCefoxitin Mefoxin Ancef (oxacin)