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1 Overview of a Systems Approach toEducation and Program Planning1 CHAPTER1 Chapter Objectives Discuss general system theory. Describe the various elements of general system theory. Briefly describe the components of a systems approach to education and program planning. List the combination of skills important for health promotion and for health care practitioners. Explain the advantages of a systems approach to program planning. Discuss some of the constraints that may impact the success of purpose of this chapter is to give an overview of system theory and then to show how systemsthinking can be applied to health education and program Overview of General System biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy was one of the first to propose the concept of GeneralSystem Theoryas far back as the , theory has been applied to math, science, research, technology, industry, education,policy, management.

2 And is a way to solve problems in that the whole system as well as the interaction between theparts is that are openinteract with the world outside the (pp36 44) system as a whole works differently than the parts of a system; the whole is often greaterthan the sum of the (pp11 12) : a system has functional identifiable parts that communicate efficiently and affecteach (pp11 17) :Workbook for Health Education 5/27/10 11:34 AM Page 1 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning.

3 LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 2010 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR system has several components, including: elements, interconnections, function orpurpose (both tangible and intangible), and ,3(pp11 17)Consider the following in applying these concepts to program planning: Elements all of the tangible elements of the program would include all the people, facili-ties, materials, budget, mission, and participants.

4 Examples of intangible elements wouldinclude morale, confidence in ability to succeed, the feeling people have about theirwork and working together, and whether they think the program is important. Interconnections the relationships among the program parts that work together to resultin achieving something. Consider how the budget, the people involved, the programmaterials, and the communication system all work toward a successful program. Function and Purpose rationale, the reason behind the program or organization. Theremay be conflicting purposes between people involved or between different developing a program, it is important to be aware of these.

5 Purposes may becomeclear through how people and the system behaves more than in the stated (p14) Feedback the result of reviewing data and evaluative information and then using this toimprove the system in this case, the components of the program plan where needed. Forexample, program feedback can come from observing the participants during the processof the program, from informal and formal assessment of progress of the participants, orfrom the feedback from the organization and program personnel involved. The goal is touse the feedback to improve the program, resulting in a more successful thinking has been applied to health education and program planning4 8as well as tohealth professional 12 These are just a few examples.

6 There are numerous otherexamples that can be found in literature or on the Systems Approach to Education and Program systems approach provides a generalized logical approach to designing programs and units systems approach is designed to emphasize the outcomes or competencies that participantswill education and health professional education may reflect a combination of skills domain(knowledge) domain(demonstration of skills) domain(attitudes and values) systems approach provides a process for considering the essential parts of the planning, imple-mentation, and evaluation of single unit of instruction, a program, or an entire an interconnectedness of the parts (refer to Systems Approach diagram inFigure 1 1).

7 Note:The puzzle pieces are used to illustrate that the program planning parts fittogether to form the whole. Information from formative and summative evaluation is feedbackinto the system parts and is used to make improvements to work toward a more evaluation results are not successful, each part of the system is reviewed to determinewhere adjustments are system can be used for a variety of different types of program plans, health education and site health 1 Overview of a Systems Approach to Education and Program :Workbook for Health Education 5/27/10 11:34 AM Page 2 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning.

8 LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 2010 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR staff instruction for health of a single lesson, course, or a whole of programs on a local, state, or national of a systems approach can identify the intent of the know what they are expected to know what they will be , skills, and behaviors expected to change are learners can do at the end of instruction is a model for identifying problems so that steps can be taken for correction can be revised based on assessment and evaluation program can be transferable in whole or in part.

9 Providing the new setting meets theneeds of the Beginning of Instructional Design: The that learners have specific needs, abilities, values, knowledge, skills, and learners may be an individual, a group of people, or a learners are referred to as the priority population4or target the program planning process involves the a collaborative approach with the participants even if in small participants/community choices whenever participants an integral part of the program development and learning Beginning of Instructional Design: The Learners/Participants 3 Constraints and Barriers Learners/ Participants Needs Assessment Goals and Standards Objectives Strategies Evaluation Formative and Summative Summative Summative Summative Summative Figure 1 1A systems approach to health education and program : Mary E.

10 Watson. llustration by Zachary M. :Workbook for Health Education 5/27/10 11:34 AM Page 3 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Jones & Bartlett Learning.