Object Oriented Programming Using C++

1 Object Oriented Programming Using C++ 2 LECTURE NOTES ON Object Oriented Programming Using C++ Prepared by Dr. Subasish Mohapatra Department of Computer Science and Application College of Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Odisha 3 SYLLABUS PCCS2207 Object Oriented Programming Module I Introduction to Object Oriented Programming , user defined types, structures, unions, polymorphism, encapsulation.

2 Getting started with C++ syntax, data-type, variables, strings, functions, default values in functions, recursion, namespaces, operators, flow control, arrays and pointers. Module II Abstraction mechanism: Classes, private, public, constructors, destructors, member data, member functions, inline function, friend functions, static members, and references. Inheritance: Class hierarchy, derived classes, single inheritance, multiple, multilevel, hybrid inheritance, role of virtual base class, constructor and destructor execution, base initialization Using derived class constructors.

3 Polymorphism: Binding, Static binding, Dynamic binding, Static polymorphism: Function Overloading, Ambiguity in function overloading, Dynamic polymorphism: Base class pointer, Object slicing, late binding, method overriding with virtual functions, pure virtual functions, abstract classes. Operator Overloading: This pointer, applications of this pointer, Operator function, member and non member operator function, operator overloading, I/O operators. Exception handling: Try, throw, and catch, exceptions and derived classes, function exception declaration, unexpected exceptions, exception when handling exceptions, resource capture and release.

4 Module III Dynamic memory management, new and delete operators, Object copying, copy constructor, assignment operator, virtual destructor. Template: template classes, template functions. Standard Template Library: Fundamental idea about string, iterators, hashes, iostreams and other types. Namespaces: user defined namespaces, namespaces provided by library. Object Oriented Design, design and Programming , role of classes. Text Books: 1. Object Oriented Programming with C++ by E. Balagurusamy, McGraw-Hill Education (India) 2.

5 ANSI and Turbo C++ by Ashoke N. Kamthane, Pearson Education Reference Books: 1. Big C++ - Wiley India 2. C++: The Complete Reference- Schildt, McGraw-Hill Education (India) 3. C++ and Object Oriented Programming Jana, PHI Learning. 4. Object Oriented Programming with C++ - Rajiv Sahay, Oxford 5. Mastering C++ - Venugopal, McGraw-Hill Education (India) 4 CONTENTS Lecture 01: Introduction Lecture 02: Object Oriented Programming Lecture 03: BASIC CONCEPTS OF OBJECTS Oriented Programming Lecture 04: BENEFITS OF OOP Lecture 05: Basics of C++ Lecture 06: Tokens Lecture 07: Basic Data types in C++ Lecture 08: Symbolic Constant Lecture 09: Operators Lecture 10: Control Structures Lecture 11: Functions in C++ Lecture 12: Function Overloading Lecture 13.

6 Class Lecture 14: Member Function Lecture 15: Nesting of Member function Lecture 16: Array with Class Lecture 17: Static Data Member Lecture 18: Friendly functions Lecture 19: Returning Objects Lecture 20: Constructors Lecture 21: Destructors Lecture 22 & 23: Operator Overloading Lecture 24: Type Conversion Lecture 25: Class to Basic type Lecture 26: Inheritance Lecture 27: Multilevel Inheritance Lecture 28: Hierarchical Inheritance Lecture 29: Virtual Base Class Lecture 30: Polymorphism Lecture 31: Virtual functions Lecture 32: Pure Virtual Functions Lecture 33: C++ function overriding Lecture 34: Exception Handling Lecture 35: Array reference out of bound Lecture 36: Containership in C++ Lecture 37: Template Lecture 38: Class Template Lecture 39: Virtual destructors Lecture 40: Managing Console I/O Lecture 41: Namespaces Lecture 42: New & Delete Operators 5 Module-1: LECTURE-1 Introduction.

7 Programmers write instructions in various Programming languages to perform their computation tasks such as: (i) Machine level Language (ii) Assembly level Language (iii) High level Language Machine level Language : Machine code or machine language is a set of instructions executed directly by a computer's central processing unit (CPU). Each instruction performs a very specific task, such as a load, a jump, or an ALU operation on a unit of data in a CPU register or memory. Every program directly executed by a CPU is made up of a series of such instructions.

8 Assembly level Language : An assembly language (or assembler language) is a low-level Programming language for a computer, or other programmable device, in which there is a very strong (generally one-to-one) correspondence between the language and the architecture's machine code instructions. Assembly language is converted into executable machine code by a utility program referred to as an assembler; the conversion process is referred to as assembly, or assembling the code. High level Language : High-level language is any Programming language that enables development of a program in much simpler Programming context and is generally independent of the computer's hardware architecture.

9 High-level language has a higher level of abstraction from the computer, and focuses more on the Programming logic rather than the underlying hardware components such as memory addressing and register utilization. The first high-level Programming languages were designed in the 1950s. Now there are dozens of different languages, including Ada , Algol, BASIC, COBOL, C, C++, JAVA, FORTRAN, LISP, Pascal, and Prolog. Such languages are considered high-level because they are closer to human languages and farther from machine languages.

10 In contrast, assembly languages are considered low-level because they are very close to machine languages. The high-level Programming languages are broadly categorized in to two categories: (iv) Procedure Oriented Programming (POP) language. (v) Object Oriented Programming (OOP) language. 6 Procedure Oriented Programming Language In the procedure Oriented approach, the problem is viewed as sequence of things to be done such as reading , calculation and printing. Procedure Oriented Programming basically consist of writing a list of instruction or actions for the computer to follow and organizing these instruction into groups known as functions.