Example: barber

Parameters for Properly Designed and Operated Flares

Parameters for Properly Designed and Operated Flares Report for Flare Review Panel April 2012 Prepared by EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) This information is distributed solely for the purpose of pre-dissemination peer review under applicable information quality guidelines. It has not been formally disseminated by EPA. It does not represent and should not be construed to represent any Agency determination or policy. This information is distributed solely for the purpose of pre-dissemination peer review under applicable information quality guidelines. It has not been formally disseminated by EPA.

Parameters for Properly Designed and Operated Flares Report for Flare Review Panel April 2012 Prepared by U.S. EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS)

Tags:

  Feral

Information

Domain:

Source:

Link to this page:

Please notify us if you found a problem with this document:

Other abuse

Transcription of Parameters for Properly Designed and Operated Flares

1 Parameters for Properly Designed and Operated Flares Report for Flare Review Panel April 2012 Prepared by EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) This information is distributed solely for the purpose of pre-dissemination peer review under applicable information quality guidelines. It has not been formally disseminated by EPA. It does not represent and should not be construed to represent any Agency determination or policy. This information is distributed solely for the purpose of pre-dissemination peer review under applicable information quality guidelines. It has not been formally disseminated by EPA.

2 It does not represent and should not be construed to represent any Agency determination or policy. Acronyms Page i ACRONYMS Acronym Definition AFTIR Active Fourier Transform Infrared API American Petroleum Institute ARI Aerodyne Research, Inc. BTU British Thermal Units CZ Combustion Zone Gas CCZ Fraction of Combustibles in the Combustion Zone Gas CFR Code of Federal Regulations DCS Distributed Control System EPA Environmental Protection Agency FHR Flint Hills Resources FHR AU Flint Hills Resources - Aromatics Unit FHR LOU Flint Hills Resources - Light Olefins Unit FLIR Forward Looking Infrared FTIR Fourier Transform Infrared Technology IMACC Industrial Monitor and Control Corporation INEOS INEOS ABS (USA)

3 Corporation ISO International Standards Organization LFL Lower Flammability Limit LFLCZ Lower Flammability Limit of the Combustion Zone Gas LFLVG Lower Flammability Limit of the Flare Vent Gas LHV Lower Heating Value LFLVG, C Lower Flammability Limit of the Combustible Portion of the Flare Vent Gas MFR Momentum Flux Ratio MPC Marathon Petroleum Company, LP MPC Detroit Marathon Petroleum Company, LP Detroit Refinery MPC TX Marathon Petroleum Company, LP Texas City Refinery NESHAP National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants NHV Net Heating Value NHVCZ Net Heating Value of the Combustion Zone Gas NHVLFL Net Heating Value of the Flare Vent Gas if Diluted to the Lower Flammability Limit NHVVG Net Heating Value of the Flare Vent Gas NHVVG-LFL Net Heating Value of the Flare Vent Gas if Diluted to the Lower Flammability Limit NSPS New Source Performance Standards OAQPS Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards PFTIR Passive Fourier Transform Infrared Technology SCF Standard Cubic Feet SDP Shell Deer Park Refinery SDP GF Shell Deer Park

4 Refinery Ground Flare SDP EPF Shell Deer Park Refinery East Property Flare SR Stoichiometric Air Ratio TCEQ Texas Commission on Environmental Quality This information is distributed solely for the purpose of pre-dissemination peer review under applicable information quality guidelines. It has not been formally disseminated by EPA. It does not represent and should not be construed to represent any Agency determination or policy. Acronyms Page ii Acronym Definition UFL Upper Flammability Limit Vmax Maximum Flare Tip Velocity Including, if Applicable, Center Steam at Which Flame Lift Off is Not Expected to Occur This information is distributed solely for the purpose of pre-dissemination peer review under applicable information quality guidelines.

5 It has not been formally disseminated by EPA. It does not represent and should not be construed to represent any Agency determination or policy. Table of Contents Page i TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .. 1-1 AVAILABLE FLARE TEST DATA .. 2-1 Flare Performance Studies and Test Reports .. 2-1 Flare Vent Gas Constituents .. 2-3 Steam Injection Rates and Tip Design for Available Flare Test Data .. 2-5 Air Injection Rates and Tip Design for Available Flare Test Data .. 2-6 Flare Test Methods .. 2-7 Combining All Available Test Run Data .. 2-9 Data Removed After Being Considered .. 2-10 Determination of Combustion Efficiency Representing Good Flare Performance.

6 2-11 STEAM AND FLARE PERFORMANCE .. 3-1 Lower Flammability Limit of Combustion Zone Gas for Steam-Assisted Flares .. 3-1 Flare Test Data and LFLCZ .. 3-5 The Le Chatelier Principle .. 3-7 Specific Test Data Not Fitting the Trend .. 3-11 Data Points with Good Combustion and High LFLCZ .. 3-20 Excluding Pilot Gas .. 3-26 Combustible Gas Concentration in the Combustion Zone .. 3-27 Heat Content Based Limit for Steam-Assisted Flares .. 3-28 Other Operating Parameters Considered for Steam-Assisted 3-31 Net Heating Value .. 3-31 Steam Ratios .. 3-34 AIR AND FLARE PERFORMANCE .. 4-1 Stoichiometric Air Ratio.

7 4-1 TCEQ Test Data .. 4-3 Other Test Data .. 4-4 Analysis of Stoichiometric Air Ratio .. 4-4 Considering LFLVG for Air-Assisted Flares .. 4-7 WIND AND FLARE PERFORMANCE .. 5-1 Introduction .. 5-2 Flare Flow Mixing Regimes .. 5-2 Efficiency 5-4 Test Data Analysis .. 5-10 FLARE FLAME LIFT OFF .. 6-1 Literature Review and Vmax Calculation .. 6-1 Test Data Analysis .. 6-2 Other Operating Parameters Considered for Flame Lift Off .. 6-6 This information is distributed solely for the purpose of pre-dissemination peer review under applicable information quality guidelines. It has not been formally disseminated by EPA.

8 It does not represent and should not be construed to represent any Agency determination or policy. Table of Contents Page ii OTHER FLARE TYPE DESIGNS TO CONSIDER .. 7-1 Non-Assisted 7-1 Pressure-Assisted Flares and Other Flare Designs .. 7-2 MONITORING CONSIDERATIONS .. 8-1 LFLCZ, LFLVG, and LFLVG,C .. 8-1 Ratio of NHVCZ to NHVVG-LFL .. 8-2 CCZ .. 8-2 SR .. 8-3 MFR .. 8-3 Vmax .. 8-4 REFERENCES .. 9-1 TECHNICAL APPENDICES Appendix A. Brief Review Summary of Each Flare Performance Study and Test Report. Appendix B. Excel Workbook That Combines All Data Sets. Appendix C. Test Report Nomenclature Matrix.

9 Appendix D. Detailed Calculation Methodologies For The Specific Parameters . Appendix E. Type and Amount of Components in Each Test Run by Test Report. Appendix F. Charts of Calculated and Measured LFL for Various Combustible Gases in Nitrogen and Carbon Dioxide. Appendix G. Details About Inerts and Further Explanation for Including an Equivalency Adjustment to Correct For Different Inert Behavior. Appendix H. Effect of Nitrogen and Carbon Dioxide on the LFL of Various Components: A Comparison of Le Chatelier Equation to Experimental LFL Values. Appendix I. Methodology for Calculating Unobstructed Cross Sectional Area of Several Flare Tip Designs.

10 This information is distributed solely for the purpose of pre-dissemination peer review under applicable information quality guidelines. It has not been formally disseminated by EPA. It does not represent and should not be construed to represent any Agency determination or policy. Table of Contents Page iii LIST OF TABLES Tables Page Table 2-1. Flare Performance Test Reports .. 2-2 Table 2-2. Flare Vent Gas Constituents by Test Report .. 2-3 Table 2-3. Minimum, Maximum, and Average Volume Percents of Primary Constituents in Flare Vent Gas .. 2-4 Table 2-4. Steam-Assisted Flare Tip Design Detail .. 2-5 Table 2-5.


Related search queries