Passive Voice (WPfct3) - The Latin Library

1 THE Passive VOICEP resent Passive Voice : Latin use of the Active and Passive Voices correspondsgenerally to the English use. The Passive forms for present, imperfect and futureare based on present stems for all conjugations, with these personal endings:-r-mur-ris-mini-tur-ntur - re - re -ere -ere (io) - reportorport risport turport murport miniportanturdoceordoc risdoc turdoc murdoc min docenturmittormitterismittiturmittimurmi ttimin mittunturcapiorcaperiscapiturcapimurcapi min capiunturaudioraud risaud turaud muraud min audiunturImperfect Passive : The imperfect Passive is formed by inserting -ba-:port barport b risport b turport b murport b min port banturdoc bardoc b risdoc b turdoc b murdoc b min doc banturmitt barmitt b rismitt b turmitt b murmitt b min mitt banturcapi barcapi b riscapi b turcapi b murcapi b min capi banturaudi baraudi b risaudi b turaudi b muraudi b min audi banturFuture Passive .

2 Formed by inserting -bi- for first and second conjugations, - - forthird and fourth:port borport berisport biturport bimurport bimin port bunturdoc bordoc berisdoc biturdoc bimurdoc bimin doc bunturmittarmitt rismitt turmitt murmitt min mittenturcapiarcapi riscapi turcapi murcapi min capienturaudiaraudi risaudi turaudi muraudi min audienturPassive Infintives: Change the final -e of the infinitive ending to - , except in thethird conjugation where the entire infinitive ending becomes - .port r doc r mitt cap aud r Spect t r s procul aud r possunt, the spectators can be heard at a Passive SystemThe perfect system for the Passive Voice (perfect, pluperfect and future perfect) isformed by adding a form of esse to the perfect Passive participle (the 4th principalpart). The perfect Passive participle (always nominative) will agree with its subjectin number and Passive (I was carried.)

3 : present tense of esse + the perfect passiveparticiple:portatus sumportatus esportatus estportat sumusportat estisportat suntdoctus sumdoctus esdoctus estdoct sumusdoct estisdoct suntmissum summissum esmissum estmiss sumusmiss estismiss suntcaptus sumcaptus escaptus estcapt sumuscapt estiscapt suntaud tus sumaud tus esaud tus estaud t sumusaud t estisaud t suntPluperfect Passive (I had been carried .. ): imperfect tense of esse + the perfectpassive participle:portatus eramportatus erasportatus eratportat er musportat er tisportat erantdoctus eramdoctus erasdoctus eratdoct er musdoct er tisdoct erantmissum erammissum erasmissum eratmiss er musmiss er tismiss erantcaptus eramcaptus erascaptus eratcapt er muscapt er tiscapt erantaud tus eramaud tus erasaud tus erataud t er musaud t er tisaud t erantFuture Passive (I will have been carried.)

4 : future tense of esse + the perfectpassive participle:portatus eroportatus erisportatus eritportat erimusportat eritisportat eruntdoctus erodoctus erisdoctus eritdoct erimusdoct eritisdoct eruntmissum eromissum erismissum eritmiss erimusmiss eritismiss eruntcaptus erocaptus eriscaptus eritcapt erimuscapt eritiscapt eruntaud tus eroaud tus erisaud tus eritaud t erimusaud t eritisaud t eruntThe perfect Passive participle will agree with its subject in number and gender:Vir ab agricol in casam ductus est. The man was led into the house by the a vir in casam ducta est. The maiden was led into the house by the puer in casam ductum est. The animal was led into the house by the boy.