PETROLEUM SECOND EDITION - pearsoncmg.com

1 PETROLEUMPRODUCTIONSYSTEMSSECOND EDITIONThis page intentionally left blank PETROLEUMPRODUCTIONSYSTEMSSECOND EDITIONM ichael J. EconomidesA. Daniel HillChristine Ehlig-EconomidesDing ZhuUpper Saddle River, NJ Boston Indianapolis San FranciscoNew York Toronto Montreal London Munich Paris MadridCapetown Sydney Tokyo Singapore Mexico CityMany of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguishtheir products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations ap-pear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, thedesignations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of thisbook, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and as-sume no responsibility for errors or omissions.

2 No liability is assumedfor incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arisingout of the use of the information or programs contained information about buying this title in bulk quantities, or for specialsales opportunities (which may include electronic versions; custom coverdesigns; and content particular to your business, training goals, marketingfocus, or branding interests), please contact our corporate sales depart-ment at or (800) government sales inquiries, please contact questions about sales outside the , please contact us on the Web: of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataPetroleum production systems / Michael J.

3 Economides. 2nd bibliographical references and 0-13-703158-0 (hardcover : alk. paper)1. Oil fields Production methods. 2. PETROLEUM engineering. I. Economides, Michael 2013622'.338 dc232012022357 Copyright 2013 Pearson Education, rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publi-cation is protected by copyright, and permission must be obtained fromthe publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrievalsystem, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, me-chanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission touse material from this work, please submit a written request to PearsonEducation, Inc.

4 , Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to (201) : 978-0-13-703158-0 ISBN-10: 0-13-703158-0 Text printed in the United States on recycled paper at Courier in Westford, Masscachusetts. Third printing, January, 2014 Executive Editor:Bernard GoodwinManaging Editor:John FullerProject Editor:Elizabeth RyanPackager:LaserwordsCopy Editor:Laura PatchkofskyIndexer:Constance AngeloProofreader:Susan GallDevelopmental Editor:Michael ThurstonCover Designer:Chuti PrasertsithCompositor:LaserwordsContents ForewordxvPrefacexviiAbout the AuthorsxixChapter 1 The Role of PETROLEUM Production of the PETROLEUM Production and Phase of Reservoir Zone near the Well, the Sandface, and the Well The Surface Productivity and Production Objectives of Production of the and Conversions15 References18 Chapter 2 Production from Undersaturated Oil Well Flow of Undersaturated to Pseudosteady State from Infinite Acting Draining Irregular Performance of Water Production.

5 Relative of Single-Phase Oil Inflow Performance Relationships39 References39 Problems39vChapter 3 Production from Two-Phase of Saturated Properties of Saturated Correlations for Two-Phase Flow in a Inflow Performance for a Two-Phase Vogel Inflow s Approximation57 References58 Problems58 Chapter 4 Production from Natural Gas Gas and Useful Calculations for Natural Properties from Gas of Nonhydrocarbon Compressibility Factor Correction for Nonhydrocarbon Gases Formation Volume Isothermal of Gas Well Well Deliverability for Non-Darcy Flow of a Gas Well84 References91 Problems93 Chapter 5 Production from Horizontal Well Joshi Furui Babu and Odeh Economides et al.

6 Performance Relationship for Horizontal Gas Correlations for Horizontal Well Well Technology116 References117 Problems119 Chapter 6 The Near-Wellbore Condition and Damage Characterization; Skin Components for Vertical and Inclined from Partial Completion and Well Well Damage Skin Completion Skin , Perforated or Perforated Liner Pack Damage Plugging of Pore for Fines Damage: Emulsions, Relative Permeability, and Wettability of Formation Damage During Well Damage162 References163 Problems165 ContentsviiChapter 7 Wellbore Flow Flow of an Incompressible, Newtonian or Turbulent Flow of a Compressible, Newtonian Flow in Flow Pressure Gradient Traverse Calculations210 References214 Problems215 Chapter 8 Flow in Horizontal Wellbores, Wellheads, and Gathering Systems in Horizontal Flow: Flow.

7 Drop through Pipe through Liquid Gas Liquid Gathering in Horizontal of Wellbore Pressure Pressure Drop for Single-Phase Pressure Drop for Two-Phase Flow252 References256 Problems258viiiContentsChapter 9 Well of Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR) and Vertical Flow Performance (VFP) and VFP of Two-Phase and VFP in Gas Reservoirs270 Problems274 Chapter 10 Forecast of Well Production Rate Balance for an Undersaturated Reservoir and Production Forecast Under Pseudosteady-State General Material Balance for Oil Generalized of Important Reservoir Forecast from a Two-Phase Reservoir.

8 Solution Gas Material Balance and Forecast of Gas Well Performance294 References296 Problems297 Chapter 11 Gas Construction for Gas Gas-Lift versus Artificial Flowing of Injected of Gas Requirements for Gas Wells with Multiple Gas-Lift of Gas-Lift of Increase of Gas Injection Rate, Sustaining of Oil Rate with Reservoir Pressure Production Rate with Gas Performance Requirements versus Time328 References332 Problems333 Chapter 12 Pump-Assisted Rod Cavity Displacement Submersible Liquids in Gas Wells; Plunger Lift359 References362 Problems362 Chapter 13 Well Performance Formation Hole Hole Formation Log Well Transient Formation Testing and Formation Fluid Rate and Pressure Transient Regime Analysis400 References438 Problems439 Chapter 14 Matrix Acidizing.

9 Acid/Rock Mineral Reaction Mineral Reaction Measurement of Reaction of HCl and Weak Acids with of HF with Sandstone of Fluosilicic Acid with Sandstone Transport to the Mineral of Acid Reaction Products461 References464 Problems466 Chapter 15 Sandstone Acidizing Volume and Injection Factors Influencing Treatment Acidizing the Acidizing Process, the Optimal Rate Placement and Acid Diverting and Postflush HCl Treatment Operations512 References513 Problems516 Chapter 16 Carbonate Acidizing Formation and Propagation Volumetric Buijse-Glasbergen Furui et al.

10 Acidizing Design for Type and Volume and Injection the Acidizing Diversion in Penetration in Fracture of an Acid-Fractured of Propped and Acid Fracture of Horizontal Wells554 References555 Problems558 Chapter 17 Hydraulic Fracturing for Well , Conductivity, and Equivalent Skin Fracture Geometry for Maximizing the Fractured Well Fracture Well Behavior in Conventional Low-Permeability Reservoirs Fracture Conductivity Fracture Conductivity Effect of Non-Darcy Flow on Fractured Well Well Performance for Unconventional Tight Sand or Shale Gas Effect for Transverse Hydraulic Fractures592 References594 Problems597 Chapter 18 The Design and Execution of Hydraulic Fracturing Treatments Fracturing of Reservoir Fracture Width with the PKN Width with a Non-Newtonian Width with the KGD Width with the Radial Screenout (TSO)