自旋电子学导论 - phy.pku.edu.cn

1 2018 Fall--Introduction to Spintronics .. 2014 ICQM. Brief Introduction to Spintronics I am I am spin up spin down .. 2. Brief Introduction to Spintronics 3. Brief Introduction to Spintronics 4. Brief Introduction to Spintronics 5. Brief Introduction to Spintronics Thank you! Thank you! 6. Brief Introduction to Spintronics Thank you! 7. Brief Introduction to Spintronics E E E E. EF EF EF EF. M. MgO MgO. FM FM FM FM. Parkin, et al, Nature Mater (2004). Yuasa, et al, Nature Mater (2004) 8. Brief Introduction to Spintronics 9.. 1 . 2 .. / .. Spintronics Materials Physics Devices .. 10.. 563. 3-4 . + 80% . 20% .. / 30% 30% . 20% . Research paper 20%.. ~ 11.. : .. 12.. VS . seminar Correct/Wrong Critical, Creative 13.. 1 .. 2 .. 14.. 15.. Magnetism and Magnetic Materials , edited by J. M. D. COEY, Cambridge University Press, UK, 2010. Spin Current , edited by Sadamichi Maekawa, Sergio O. Valenzuela, Eiji Saitoh, and Takashi Kimura, Oxford University Press, UK, 2012.

2 Concepts in Spin Electronics edited by Sadamichi Maekawa, Oxford University Press, UK, 2006. Electronic Transport in Mesoscopic Systems , Supriyo Datta, Cambridge University Press, UK 1997. Semiconductor Spintronics and Quantum Computation , Awschalom, N. Samarath, and D. Loss, Springer, Berlin, 2002. Spintronics: Fundamentals and applications , I. uti , J. Fabian, and S. Das Sarma, Rev. Mod. Phys. 76, 323 (2004). Wikipedia and Google 16. Chapter 1. Overview of Spintronics .. 2018 9 21 2014 ICQM. Outline What is spintronics? The recent development of spintronics 18. What is spintronics? 19. Spintronics at different scales 20. Spin .. 21. Spin .. 22. Spin .. 23. Spin .. 24. Spin . Fe3O4. Large crystalline 25. Spin Thin crystalline film 10 nm Fe3O4. MgO. molecular Beam Epitaxy 26. Spin . Magnetic Moment ( B per Fe3O4). 3. 2. 1. 0. -1. -2 Quantum Design . SQUID. -3. -1 0 1. Magnetic Field (kOe). 27. Spin.

3 Magnetic field sensor 28. Spin Giant Magnetoresistance Baibich, et al, PRL (1988). Fert, Rev. Mod. Phys. (2007) 29. Spin . Read Head Yang & Parkin, Nature Nanotech (2014). Wolf, et al, Science (2001) 30. Spin . 31. Spin Stuart Parkin(IBM). track width w Anisotropy keeps the moment l pointing in the direction of bit length the track The transition width d is affected by both the anisotropy and the magnetization d 2003. 2000. 1998 100 Gb/in2. 20 Gb/in2. 1996 6 Gb/in2. 1 Gb/in2..01 m 32. Spin The Nobel Prize in Physics 2007. was awarded "for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance". 33. Spin Apple IPAD. ~2014. Computer ~2002. 34. Spin Spin polarized tunneling microscopy Loth, et al. Science (2012). 35. Spin Spin polarized tunneling microscopy 36. Spin Skyrmion Pfleiderer, Nat. Phys. (2011). 37. Spin Skyrmion Romming, et al. Science (2013). 38. Spin Magnetic monopole 39. Spin Magnetic monopole 40. Spin Magnetic monopole 41.

4 Spin Spin Ice Dy2Ti2O7. Morris, et al. Science (2009). 42. Spin Atomic level Intrinsic angular momentum 1. 2 . Coey, Book magnetism (2009). 43. Spin Atomic orbit moment e m z 2me ml . ml 0, 1, 2,.. Coey, Book magnetism (2009). 44. Spin Atomic Spin moment e m z me ms . 1. ms . 2. e . B 2m 10 Am 24 2. e Coey, Book magnetism (2009). 45. Spin Atomic Spin moment Einstein de Haas effect Angular momentum e mz ms . Magnetic moment me [A. Einstein, W. J. de Haas,]. Experimental Proof of Amp re's molecular Currents, Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft, Verhandlungen 17 (1915): 152-170. Experimental Proof of the Existence of Amp re's molecular Currents (in English), Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen te Amsterdam, Proceedings 18 (1915-16). 46. Spin .. Bohr Magneton .. 47. 10 . 2014 ICQM. Spin .. Bohr Magneton .. 49. Spin History Prior 1500. Ancient age 1500-1820. Early modern age 1820-1900. Electromagnetic age 1900-1935.

5 Quantum age 50. Spin History 1935 - Now Age of magnetic applications 1995 - now Age of Spin current and Nano Spin 51. Spin History Prior 1500. Ancient age 52. Spin History Prior 1500. Ancient age 227 .. 53. Spin History 1500-1820. Early modern age William Gilbert (1544-1603). 54. Spin History 1500-1820. The earth's own magnetism Early modern age William Gilbert (1544-1603). 55. Spin History 1500-1820. The earth's own magnetism Early modern age 56. Spin History 1500-1820. Early modern age 57. Spin History 1820-1900. Electromagnetic age 58. Spin History 1820-1900.. Electromagnetic age =.. 59. Spin History 1820-1900. Electromagnetic age 60. Spin History 1820-1900. Electromagnetic age Ф. = . 61. Spin History 1820-1900. Electromagnetic age 62. Spin History 1820-1900 1) A change in refractive index is proportional to the square of the Electromagnetic age electric field. 2) A change in refractive index is proportional to the square of the magnetic field.

6 Magneto optical Kerr effect (MOKE). 63. Spin History 1900-1935. Quantum age Spin is Quantum! 64. Spin History 1900-1935. Quantum age Samuel Goudsmit George Uhlenbeck The spin is quantized in such a way that it can have just two possible orientations in a magnetic field, up' and down'. 65. Spin History 1930 Solvay Conferences on Physics Le magn tisme Second row (standing): E. Herzen, . Henriot, J. Verschaffelt, C. Manneback, A. Cotton, J. Errera, O. Stern, A. Piccard, W. Gerlach, C. Darwin, Dirac, E. Bauer, P. Kapitsa, L. Brillouin, H. A. Kramers, P. Debye, W. Pauli, J. Dorfman, J. H. Van Vleck, E. Fermi, W. Heisenberg Front role (sitting): Th. De Donder, P. Zeeman, P. Weiss, A. Sommerfeld, M. Curie, P. Langevin, A. Einstein, O. Richardson, B. Cabrera, N. Bohr,W. J. De Haas 66. Spin History 1930 Solvay Conferences on Physics Le magn tisme P. Zeeman: Zeeman effect Discovered that a spectral line is split into several components in the presence of a magnetic field.

7 67. Spin History 1930 Solvay Conferences on Physics Le magn tisme P. Weiss: 1) Weiss domains 2) Curie-Weiss law 68. Spin History 1930 Solvay Conferences on Physics Le magn tisme A. Sommerfeld Introduced spin quantum number: ms n: the principal quantum number, : the angular momentum quantum number, m , the magnetic quantum number ms, the spin quantum number. 69. Spin History 1930 Solvay Conferences on Physics Le magn tisme P. Langevin Noted for his work on paramagnetism and diamagnetism 70. Spin History 1930 Solvay Conferences on Physics Le magn tisme A. Einstein The Einstein de Haas effect 71. Spin History 1930 Solvay Conferences on Physics Le magn tisme N. Bohr Bohr Magneton e . B 2m 10 24. Am 2. e 72. Spin History 1930 Solvay Conferences on Physics Le magn tisme W. J. de Haas de Haas van Alphen effect (magnetic moment of a pure metal oscillation). 1 2 e . B S *h S: The area of the Fermi Surface 73. Spin History 1930 Solvay Conferences on Physics Le magn tisme W.

8 J. de Haas Shubnikov de Haas effect (resistivity). 1 2e . B n*h Dirac semimetal Cd3As2. Liang, et al, Nature Materials (2014). 74. Spin History 1930 Solvay Conferences on Physics Le magn tisme W. J. de Haas The Einstein de Haas effect 75. Spin History 1930 Solvay Conferences on Physics Le magn tisme H. A. Kramers Kramers Anderson superexchange 76. Spin History 1930 Solvay Conferences on Physics Le magn tisme W. Pauli Pauli exclusion principle It is impossible for two electrons of a poly-electron atom to have the same values of the four quantum numbers: n, the principal quantum number, , the angular momentum quantum number, m , the magnetic quantum number, ms, the spin quantum number. 77. Spin History 1930 Solvay Conferences on Physics Le magn tisme W. Pauli Pauli Matrix 78. Spin History 1930 Solvay Conferences on Physics Le magn tisme W. Pauli Pauli effect The apparently mysterious, anecdotal failure of technical equipment in the presence of Austrian theoretical physicist Wolfgang Pauli.

9 A functioning device and Wolfgang Pauli may not occupy the same room . 79. Spin History 1930 Solvay Conferences on Physics Le magn tisme P. Dirac Monopole and Dirac string 80. Spin History 1930 Solvay Conferences on Physics Le magn tisme W. Heisenberg Heisenberg exchange Hamiltonian 81. Spin History 1935 - Now Age of magnetic applications Electric Screwdriver 82. Spin History 1935 - Now Age of magnetic applications Magnetic tape for storage 83. Spin History 1935 - Now Age of magnetic applications Floppy disk Alan Shugart 84. Spin 1935 - Now Age of magnetic applications 85. Spin 1935 - Now Age of magnetic applications GMR. The Nobel Prize in Physics 2007 was awarded "for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance". 86. Spin 1935 - Now 2014 Millennium Technology Prize Age of magnetic in recognition of his discoveries, applications which have enabled a thousand-fold increase in the storage capacity of magnetic disk drives.

10 Track width w Anisotropy keeps the moment l pointing in the direction of bit length the track The transition width d is affected by both the anisotropy and the magnetization d 2003. 2000. 1998 2 100 Gb/in2. 2. 20 Gb/in 1996 6 Gb/in 1 Gb/in2..01 m 87. Spin Current 1995 - now Age of Spin current 1) Generation of Spin Current Spin injection from a Ferromagnet (Spin valves). Thermal gradient (spin Seebeck effect ). Spin Hall effect Edelstein effect Spin pumping 88. Spin Current 1995 - now Age of Spin current 2) The use of Spin Current Spin current torque Pure spin current torque 89. Spin Current 1995 - now Age of Spin current 3) The manipulation of Spin Current Electrical tuning of the magnetism Magnetic field effect on the spins (Hanle). Zeeman effect on the spins 90. Spintronics Recent developments and the focus of this class Generation of spin current Use of spin current Manipulation of spin current 91.