Physics for Scientists & Engineers & Modern Physics, 9th Ed

1 Linear or rotational motion directionsDimensional rotational arrowEnlargement arrowSpringsPulleysObjectsImagesLight rayFocal light rayCentral light rayConverging lensDiverging lensMirrorCurved mirrorLight and OpticsCapacitorsGround symbolCurrentAC SourcesLightbulbsAmmetersVoltmetersInduc tors (coils)WengQcQhLinear (v) and angular ()velocity vectorsVelocity component vectorsDisplacement and position vectorsDisplacement and position component vectorsForce vectors ()Force component vectorsAcceleration vectors ()Acceleration component vectorsEnergy transfer arrowsMechanics and ThermodynamicsSFS aSLinear () and angular ()momentum vectorspS LSLinear and angular momentumcomponent vectorsTorque vectors ()

2 TSTorque componentvectorsvSElectricity and MagnetismElectric fieldsElectric field vectorsElectric field component vectorsMagnetic fieldsMagnetic field vectorsMagnetic field component vectorsPositive chargesNegative chargesResistorsBatteries and otherDC power suppliesSwitches VAProcess arrowPedagogical Color ChartPedagogical Color Physical ConstantsQuantitySymbolValueaAtomic mass unit u 538 782 (83) 3 10227 028 (23) MeV/c2 Avogadro s number NA 141 79 (30) 3 1023 particles/molBohr magneton mB 009 15 (23) 3 10224 J/TBohr radius a0 772 085 9 (36) 3 10211 mBoltzmann s constant 650 4 (24) 3 10223 J/KCompton wavelength lC 5hmec 310 217 5 (33) 3 10212 mCoulomb constant ke 551 788.

3 3 109 N ? m2/C2 (ex act)Deuteron mass md 583 20 (17) 3 10227 553 212 724 (78) uElectron mass me 382 15 (45) 3 10231 799 094 3 (23) 3 1024 998 910 (13) MeV/c2 Electron volt eV 176 487 (40) 3 10219 JElementary charge e 176 487 (40) 3 10219 CGas constant R 472 (15) J/mol ? KGravitational constant G 28 (67) 3 10211 N ? m2/kg2 Neutron mass mn 927 211 (84) 3 10227 664 915 97 (43) 346 (23) MeV/c2 Nuclear magneton mn 783 24 (13) 3 10227 J/TPermeability of free space m04p 3 1027 T ? m/A (exact)Permittivity of free space P0 187 817 .. 3 10212 C2/N ? m2 (ex act)Planck s constant h 068 96 (33) 3 10234 J ?

4 571 628 (53) 3 10234 J ? sProton mass mp 621 637 (83) 3 10227 276 466 77 (10) 013 (23) MeV/c2 Rydberg constant RH 373 156 852 7 (73) 3 107 m21 Speed of light in vacuum c 924 58 3 108 m/s (exact)Note: These constants are the values recommended in 2006 by CODATA, based on a least-squares adjustment of data from different measurements. For a more complete list, see P. J. Mohr, B. N. Taylor, and D. B. Newell, CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2006. Rev. Mod. Phys. 80:2, 633 730, numbers in parentheses for the values represent the uncertainties of the last two System DataMean Radius Mean Distance fromBody Mass (kg) (m) Period (s) the Sun (m) 3 3 0 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1012 Moon7.

5 35 3 3 106 3 3 108 aIn August 2006, the International Astronomical Union adopted a definition of a planet that separates Pluto from the other eight planets. Pluto is now defined as a dwarf planet (like the asteroid Ceres).Physical Data Often UsedAverage Earth Moon distance 3 108 mAverage Earth Sun distance 3 1011 mAverage radius of the Earth 3 106 mDensity of air (208C and 1 atm) kg/m3 Density of air (0 C and 1 atm) kg/m3 Density of water (208C and 1 atm) 3 103 kg/m3 Free-fall acceleration m/s2 Mass of the Earth 3 1024 kgMass of the Moon 3 1022 kgMass of the Sun 3 1030 kgStandard atmospheric pressure 3 105 PaNote.

6 These values are the ones used in the Prefixes for Powers of TenPower PrefixAbbreviationPowerPrefixAbbreviatio n 10224yoctoy101dekada 10221zeptoz102hectoh 10218attoa103kilok 10215femtof106megaM 10212picop109gigaG 1029nanon1012teraT 1026microm1015petaP 1023millim1018exaE 1022centic1021zettaZ A. SerwayEmeritus, James Madison UniversityJohn W. Jewett, , California State Polytechnic University, PomonaWith contributions from Vah Peroomian, University of California at Los AngelesAustralia Brazil Japan Korea Mexico Singapore Spain United Kingdom United StatesNiNth EditioNPhysicsfor Scientists and Engineerswith Modern Physics Ashley Cooper/CorbisAbout the Cover The cover shows a view inside the new railway departures concourse opened in March 2012 at the Kings Cross Station in London.

7 The wall of the older structure (completed in 1852) is visible at the left. The sweeping shell-like roof is claimed by the architect to be the largest single-span station structure in Europe. Many principles of Physics are required to design and construct such an open semicircular roof with a radius of 74 meters and containing over 2 000 triangular panels. Other principles of Physics are necessary to develop the lighting design, optimize the acoustics, and integrate the new structure with existing infrastructure, historic buildings, and railway platforms. , 2010, 2008 by Raymond A.

8 SerwayNO RIGHTS RESERVED. Any part of this work may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, without the prior written permission of the of Congress Control Number: 2012947242 ISBN-13: 978-1-133-95405-7 ISBN-10: 1-133-95405-7 Brooks/Cole 20 Channel Center StreetBoston, MA 02210 USAP hysics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics , Ninth EditionRaymond A.

9 Serway and John W. Jewett, Jr. Publisher, Physical Sciences: Mary FinchPublisher, Physics and Astronomy: Charlie HartfordDevelopment Editor: Ed DoddAssistant Editor: Brandi KirkseyEditorial Assistant: Brendan KillionMedia Editor: Rebecca Berardy Schwartz Brand Manager: Nicole HammMarketing Communications Manager: Linda YipSenior Marketing Development Manager: Tom ZiolkowskiContent Project Manager: Alison Eigel ZadeSenior Art Director: Cate BarrManufacturing Planner: Sandee MilewskiRights Acquisition Specialist: Shalice Shah-CaldwellProduction Service: Lachina Publishing ServicesText and Cover Designer.

10 Roy NeuhausCover Image: The new Kings Cross railway station, London, UKCover Image Credit: Ashley Cooper/CorbisCompositor: Lachina Publishing ServicesPrinted in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 16 15 14 13 12We dedicate this book to our wives, Elizabeth and Lisa, and all our children and grandchildren for their loving understanding when we spent time on writing instead of being with ContentsparT1 Mechanics 11 Physics and Measurement 2 2 Motion in One Dimension 21 3 Vectors 59 4 Motion in Two Dimensions 78 5 The Laws of Motion 111 6 Circular Motion and Other Applicationsof Newton s Laws 150 7 Energy of a System 177 8 Conservation of Energy 211 9 Linear Momentum and Collisions 247 10 Rotation of a Rigid Object Abouta Fixed Axis 293 11 Angular Momentum 335 12 Static Equilibrium and