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POISON - Scholastic

IFROM Scholastic AND THE SCIENTISTS OF THE national institute ON DRUG ABUSE, national INSTITUTES OF health , DEPARTMENT OF health AND HUMAN SERVICESI nhalants can cause harm to the whole body,including long-lasting damage to the brain,physical disabilities, and even TRUTHABOUT INHALANTSTHE TRUTHABOUT INHALANTSP hoto credits: spray from aerosol can Hardy/zefa/CORBIS; household products inset Custom Medical Stock Photo; ball and chain Paul :POISONVAPORS:HAT IS AN INHALANT?Inhalants are toxic that is, poisonous chemical vapors that can be misusedto produce mind-altering effects, often with disastrous results. These harmful vapors can be found in a variety of common householdand office products, including nail polish remover, gasoline, aerosol sprays,correction fluid, whipped cream canisters, computer spray cleaners, paintthinners, and markers. Even when used for their intended purposes, such ascleaning or painting, these products are so toxic that they are recommendedfor use only in well-ventilated areas.

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Transcription of POISON - Scholastic

1 IFROM Scholastic AND THE SCIENTISTS OF THE national institute ON DRUG ABUSE, national INSTITUTES OF health , DEPARTMENT OF health AND HUMAN SERVICESI nhalants can cause harm to the whole body,including long-lasting damage to the brain,physical disabilities, and even TRUTHABOUT INHALANTSTHE TRUTHABOUT INHALANTSP hoto credits: spray from aerosol can Hardy/zefa/CORBIS; household products inset Custom Medical Stock Photo; ball and chain Paul :POISONVAPORS:HAT IS AN INHALANT?Inhalants are toxic that is, poisonous chemical vapors that can be misusedto produce mind-altering effects, often with disastrous results. These harmful vapors can be found in a variety of common householdand office products, including nail polish remover, gasoline, aerosol sprays,correction fluid, whipped cream canisters, computer spray cleaners, paintthinners, and markers. Even when used for their intended purposes, such ascleaning or painting, these products are so toxic that they are recommendedfor use only in well-ventilated areas.

2 That s to prevent people fromaccidentally breathing in the POISON . When they are intentionally inhaled inorder to experience a high, they are known as inhalants, and can causeserious harm to the whole body. Abuse of certain inhalants may result inirreversible effects, includinghearing loss, limb spasms, bonemarrow damage, and damage to thecentral nervous system and but reversible effects mayinclude liver and kidney damageand depletion of oxygen in theblood. An adequate blood oxygenlevel is critical to the function ofevery organ and tissue in our UP: ONE TIME IS ONE TOO MANYI nhalants are incredibly effective poisons. They enter the bloodstreamquickly and are then distributed throughout the brain and body. They havedirect effects on both the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)and the peripheral nervous system (nerves throughout the body).How severely can inhalants harm you? According to Dr. DavidShurtleff, who heads the Division of Basic Neurosciences and BehaviorResearch at the national institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), they can affectyour ability to think, talk, remember, hear, and even walk.

3 They may beaddictive, and they can wreak havoc on a healthy body from head to toe,causing hearing loss, vision loss, convulsions, and damage to the lungs,liver, kidneys, heart, bone marrow, and frightening is that just one time can be one too many withinhalants. As explained by Dr. Nora D. Volkow, director of NIDA, Evenin an otherwise healthy person, a single session of abusing highlyconcentrated amounts of certain inhalants can lower oxygen levels enoughto cause asphyxiation, or disrupt heart rhythms and cause death fromcardiac arrest. There s a chilling name for this: sudden sniffing people including teens and pre-teens who have used inhalants andpaid the ultimate price. Consider Kyle Williams, a 14-year-old who kissed his mom goodnightand headed to his room one evening in March 2005. The next morning impulseAxonterminalsMyelin sheathAxonCell bodyNucleusDendritesOne Harmful Effect of InhalantsInhalants destroy nerve fibersthroughout an inhalant abuser'sbrain, which can lead to musclespasms and difficulty with basicactivities like walking and do inhalants destroy nervefibers?

4 Primarily by causing themyelin around them to is typically found in a thicklayer around the axons, the longparts of nerve fibers through whichimpulses flow. If you picture nervecells as your body's electrical wiring,then think of myelin as the rubberinsulation that protects an electricalcord. When myelin breaks down,nerves become much less capable oftransmitting messages. Whathappens? Imagine attaching heavyweights to your ankles just beforeleaving the starting blocks in a fifty-yard dash. When there s a normalheavy layer of myelin around theaxon, nerve impulses travel as fastas 120 meters per second. Withoutmyelin, these impulses slow to acrawl of only about 2 meters persecond. Do the math that s adeceleration of over 95 percent! Inshort, a losing Scholastic AND THE SCIENTISTS OF THE national institute ON DRUG ABUSE, national INSTITUTES OF health , DEPARTMENT OF health AND HUMAN SERVICESI nhalant Abuse Breaks Downthe Myelin Sheath SurroundingNerve Fibersmother went in to wake Kyle , she found him dead in bed,with a straw from the can ofcomputer cleaner he had inhaledstill in his mouth.

5 One of Kyle sfriends had shown him how to gethigh this way about a month might think such cans containnothing but compressed air. Theycouldn t be more INHALANTS DOTHEIR DAMAGEI nhalant vapors often contain morethan one chemical, increasing therisk of serious harm. Some chemicalsleave the body quickly, but othersare absorbed by fatty tissues in thenervous system, including the can stay there for a long of these fatty tissues ismyelin a protective cover thatsurrounds many of the body s nervecells (neurons). Nerve cells in yourbrain and spinal cord send andreceive messages that control justabout everything you think and of myelin can lead tomuscle spasms, tremors, or evendifficulty with basic actions such aswalking, bending, and , one of the mostcommon chemicals in inhalants, isfound in glue, spray paint, paintthinner, and a number of otherproducts known as can damage myelin andalso the liver, the kidneys, and theability to hear.

6 Other inhalants such as benzene(found in gasoline) can compromisethe body s ability to produce bloodHIIIFROM Scholastic AND THE SCIENTISTS OF THE national institute ON DRUG ABUSE, national INSTITUTES OF health , DEPARTMENT OF health AND HUMAN SERVICESH eads Up:Check out this diagram to learn about the damage the chemicals ininhalants can Are Poisons That Affect the Whole BodyHearing LossInhalants can cause hearingloss, perhaps by damagingthe hairs of the inner ear orby harming the protectivecoating (myelin) on thenerves that carry soundimpulses to the can causerapid changes in bloodpressure, which canlead to blackouts andKidney DamageInhalants can causeserious harm to theseorgans, which havemany vital functions,including filteringharmful substances out of the to CentralNervous SystemFumes from inhalants canchange brain chemistry andpermanently damage thecentral nervous system(brain and spinal cord).Limb SpasmsInhalants break down themyelin needed for nervesto transmit messages,resulting in musclespasms and tremors inarms and Marrow DamageInhalants can damage bonemarrow, where blood cells aremade, increasing the risk ofleukemia and aplastic anemia(potentially fatal illnesses).

7 INHALANTS: POISON VAPORSINHALANTS: POISON VAPORSI nhalantTolueneTrichloroethyleneHexaneNit rous OxideBenzeneSources Spray paint Glue Dewaxer Fingernail polish Cleaning fluid Correction fluid Glue Gasoline Whipped creamdispensers Gas cylinders GasolineHarmful Effects Hearing loss Damage to centralnervous system Liver and kidney damage Hearing loss Liver and kidney damage Vision damage Limb spasms Blackouts Limb spasms Blackouts Bone marrow damage Immune system damageTo find out the data about dangers for teens regarding inhalants and other drugs of addiction, checkout these Web sites for the latest information from NIDA about all drugs of abuse and advice on how to you ll find data from the latest Monitoring the Future by NIDA, this survey of youth drug-use trends has been conducted annually by the University of Michigan s institute for Social Research for more than 25 by NIDA in 1976, the CommunityEpidemiology Work Group (CEWG) provides ongoing community-levelsurveillance of drug abuse through analysis of quantitative and qualitativeresearch this site to accessfindings from the national Survey on Drug Use and health , whichinvestigates national drug-use trends among the general population age 12 and will take you to the Youth Risk Behavior survey, which collects data from students in grades9 12 nationwide.

8 It includes questions on a variety of health -related riskbehaviors, from drug use to seat-belt Edge: Drug-Abuse StatisticsIVFROM Scholastic AND THE SCIENTISTS OF THE national institute ON DRUG ABUSE, national INSTITUTES OF health , DEPARTMENT OF health AND HUMAN SERVICESFor help with a drug problem orto locate treatment centers, go ,or call the national hotlineat , which can lead to a life-threatening disease called aplasticanemia. Various chemicals in otherinhalants can also cause hepatitis,liver failure, weight loss, muscleweakness, disorientation, inabilityto concentrate, loss ofcoordination, irritability, anddepression. In short, inhalants canseriously mess you UP: THERE ARENO SAFE INHALANTSSome teens who understand thedangers of inhaling glue orcomputer cleaner may believe thatinhaling nitrous oxide is safe maybe because medicalprofessionals sometimes administerit. They are oxide,also known as laughing gas, is anodorless gas used by dentists as apainkiller, but when abused, it canbe as dangerous as any otherinhalant.

9 It can damage yourperipheral nerves, causingnumbness, tingling, and evenparalysis. It also causes you breathe in purenitrous oxide, it binds with theoxygen in your blood. This meansyour body s tissues can t get theoxygen they need. Dentists nevergive pure nitrous oxide to always mix it with who sell balloons or littlecanisters filled with nitrous oxideon the street or at concerts don tknow how to do this and even ifthey did, they wouldn t bother. Ifyou inhale nitrous oxide outside ofa dentist s office, you ll likely beflooding your body with sulphuricacid, ammonia, and nitric oxide all toxic UP: YOUNGERTEENS ARE MOST AT RISKIt is vitally important that you tellyour friends what you ve learnedabout the risks of inhalants. Whilerecent studies show that overalldrug abuse is down among teens,the abuse of inhalants hasincreased, especially amongyounger teens. According to themost recent Monitoring the Futuresurvey, a study of youth drugtrends sponsored by NIDA, twiceas many 8th-graders as 12th-graders are using inhalants.

10 In2004, more than 17 percent of thisage group reported having usedinhalants at least once in theirlives a statistically significantincrease compared with theprevious key problem revealed by theMonitoring the Future survey isthat more than 38 percent of 8th-graders didn t realize thatregular use of inhalants than 66 percent ofthis age group didn t think thatusing inhalants once or twice wasrisky. This lack of awareness canset the stage for disastrous healthconsequences. The more kids knowabout the harmful effects ofinhalants, the more likely they ll beable to make the smart choice andavoid inhalants Brand X Pictures/PictureQuest


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