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Prerequisite Training - Fujitsu

SONETTut oria lApril 18, 2002 Prerequisite TrainingSONET-TThe contents of this document are subject to the copyright notices published on the copyright page associated with this primary goal of our Training material is to teach students to use customer documentation to perform the tasks associated with their jobs. Thepurpose of this goal is that many skills learned in class will still be applicable when the equipment and documentation Educational Services NoticeStudent guides are intended to be used with customer documentation as it is used in the customer location (CD, online and/or hardcopy). Any cus-tomer documentation extracts or handouts in the classroom that are not in the format used in the customer location are prohibited for liability reprint or usage of this material is permitted without specific written permission of FNC Training Development Training materials are developed and taught to the current equipment release only.

4 April 18, 2002 Tutorial SONET SONET Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) is an optical interface standard that allows transmission equipment from multiple

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Transcription of Prerequisite Training - Fujitsu

1 SONETTut oria lApril 18, 2002 Prerequisite TrainingSONET-TThe contents of this document are subject to the copyright notices published on the copyright page associated with this primary goal of our Training material is to teach students to use customer documentation to perform the tasks associated with their jobs. Thepurpose of this goal is that many skills learned in class will still be applicable when the equipment and documentation Educational Services NoticeStudent guides are intended to be used with customer documentation as it is used in the customer location (CD, online and/or hardcopy). Any cus-tomer documentation extracts or handouts in the classroom that are not in the format used in the customer location are prohibited for liability reprint or usage of this material is permitted without specific written permission of FNC Training Development Training materials are developed and taught to the current equipment release only.

2 Special requests for classes teaching prior releases may berequested through the FNC Training 18, 20023 TutorialInstructionsInstructionsTaskThis self-study Tutorial satisfies the Prerequisite knowledge of Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) needed for attendance at Fujitsu Educational Services completion of this lesson, the student should be able to define SONET terminology, discuss SONET interfaces and virtual tributaries, and describe SONET layers and student may complete the Tutorial and then finish by taking the Self Evaluation at the end of the Tutorial. If the student passes the Tutorial, they have completed the FNC pre-requisite qualification for SONET.

3 If the student does not pass the Tutorial, they should review the questions they missed in the Questions Review section. Each student should be familiar with the concepts and terms of the Tutorial prior to attending class. Distribution MethodThe SONET Tutorial is available at the following Internet address: The Tutorial may be viewed with Acrobat ReadingFujitsu Guide to SONET FJTU-320-500-500 The referenced Guide to SONET may be downloaded by going to the following URL: 4 April 18, 2002 SONETT utorialSONETS ynchronous Optical Network (SONET) is an optical interface standard that allows transmission equipment from multiple vendors to talk together over Fiber Optic lines.

4 Some features of SONET include: Supervisory communication via embedded Section Data Communication Channel (SDCC) Automatic Protection Switching (APS) Synchronization Status Messaging (SSM) Orderwire (Reserved for voice communication between Section Terminating Network Elements [NE])SONET InterfacesSynchronous Transport Signals-n (STS-n) ( n means number ) are binary electrical signals that carry user data and/or voice traffic. STS-1 is the basic building block of SONET signals which become a component of Optical Carriers (OC). An STS-1 signal, coded for electrical transmission is also called an Electrical Carrier One (EC-1) An STS-1 signal that has been converted to an optical signal for transmission over fiber is called an Optical Carrier One (OC-1) All OC-n rates are multiples of OC-1 (The n means any available SONET speed of OC-3, OC-12, OC-24, OC-48, OC-192 or OC-768 that is applicable) OC-n rates carry the number of STS-1 building blocks that is equal to the Optical Line Rate, such as an OC-3 will contain 3 STS-1 signals, some of which may not have active traffic in their payloadsNote:See Guide to SONET (FJTU-320-500-500) for more Let s learn how SONET is constructed.

5 ELECTRICAL INPUT SIGNALSOPTICAL INPUT SIGNALSELECTRICAL INPUT SIGNALSOPTICAL INPUT SIGNALSOC-n Optical CarrierSTS-n SignalsSTS-n SignalsOC-n SignalsOC-n SignalsApril 18, 20025 TutorialHow SONET Is ConstructedHow SONET Is ConstructedThis discussion will help you understand what the standard SONET STS-n/OC-n packages :See the following pages for SONET Table of Rates and Rate discussionA standard size was established for the STS-1/OC-1 SONET payload and overhead payload is the information the customer wants to send over the network. The STS-1/OC-1 Payload is the same as the DS-3 carrier system used for data and voice transmission many years before SONET became the standard transport method.

6 This Payload contains Megabytes (Mb/s). Some of this payload includes addressing and signalling for the customer s traffic for information sent inside the payload that originates at a lower speed, called Sub-STS overhead is the extra service provider signalling, timing and management information needed to ensure that the customer s traffic arrives at the right place in a timely manner. Each STS-1 has a fixed overhead of Mb/s and space for stuffing bytes of Mb/s to provide management information for the traffic contained in the STS-1 STS-1 has an additional SONET overhead of Mb/s for network operations that result in a total bandwidth of SONET EnvelopeThe resulting STS-1/OC-1 envelope, sometimes called a frame or package, is used to generate all other size envelopes and speeds (Rates).

7 DS-3 size Payloads contain overhead associated with the customer information. If the DS-3 contains only Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) channels they are customarily carried in channels called DS-0 at 64 kb/s that results in 672 DS-0 Voice/data channels. Every 24 DS-0 channels are placed into a "DS-1" carrier facility, often called a T-1 as a Mb/s signal. The overhead for each T-1/DS-1 is 200 Mb/s so the usable payload becomes Mbs. 28 DS-1 signals are in each DS-3 as well as the Information payload that is Mb/s and the overhead share of the DS-3 is STS-1 envelope therefore contains the DS-3 as a payload value of Mb/s, including the sub-STS-1 channel s overhead, and then adds Mb/s additional for the STS-1 management of the payload for the total Mb/s contained in the STS-1 rate Mb/sSTS-1 Stuffing Mb/sSONET Overhead Mb/sSTS-1 Composite Mb/s6 April 18, 2002 How SONET Is ConstructedTutorial*kb/s is the abbreviation for thousands (kilo) of bits per second.

8 **Mb/s is the abbreviation for Millions (Mega) of bits per secondSONET RATESS ignal LevelLine RateChannelsNorth American Digital Hierarchy SignalsDS064 kb/s* Mb/s** Mb/s672 SONET Mb/s96OC-1 Mb/s672OC-3 Mb/s2, Mb/s8, Mb/s16, Mb/s32, Mb/s129,024 April 18, 20027 TutorialSONET Rate DiscussionSONET Rate DiscussionSONET is a well-documented transport technology in the USA and Official transport rates common in North America are OC-3, OC-12, OC-48, and OC-192. OC-24 also is a standard rate, however, is seldom used. Some Customer Provided Equipment (CPE) does use the OC-1 rate, which is not supported in the USA and Canada SONET plan except for local connections.

9 The electrical input rates consist of payload and customer s actual voice or data information that is transported over the and control information needed to specify payload attributes outside of the payload Example: OC-3 = Mb/s and is made up of three (3) STS-1 channels at Megabits per second (Mb/s). overhead is Mb/s per STS-1. (About 5% of the overall bandwidth.) Payload uses Mb/s and is accompanied by "stuffing" bytes that use another Mb/s of fixed space that result in Mb/s OC-12 = Mb/s and is made up of twelve (12) STS-1 channels at Mb/s, or four (4) STS-3 channels at Mb/s OC-48 = ( actual speed) Gigabits per second (Gb/s) and is made up of 48 STS-1 channels or 16 STS-3 channels or four (4) STS-12 Channels OC-192 = 10 Gb/s ( actual speed) and is made up of 192 STS-1 or 4 STS-48 or 16 STS-12 or 64 STS-3 channelsWhat is important about these rates?

10 Every one of them can be a mix of STS channels, so long as the aggregate is still the specified OC-n ( n means 3 or 12 or 48 or 192) rate. This functionality means that cross connects can be made down to the STS-1 level in all SONET circuits. Localities can connect to other locations so that specific routing at the STS-1 level can take place without requiring higher protocol SONET NE s can also break the STS-1 channel down to the basic Virtual Tributary level ( ) so that 28 DS-1 channels can be directed to specific record keeping as to the and STS-1 channel connections is very important. SONET NEs can provide reports that help keep those records 18, 2002 Virtual TributaryTutorialVirtual TributaryVirtual Tributary (VT) is designed for transport and switching of sub-STS-1 payloads comprised standard Mb/s electrical signals (DS-1) without requiring SONET overhead.


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