Pressure Vessel Engineering Ltd.

1 Code:ASME VIII-1 Year:2007 Cust: Pressure Vessel Engineering :2009 :30psiDesc:External Pressure CalculationsMEAWP:15psiDwg:NoneMax. Temp.:150 FDate:MDMT:-20 FMDMT Press.:30psiMin. Thk. (UG-16b):Corrosion Allowance:0inHydrotest:39psiImpact Testing:NoneImpact Exemption:UHA-51(d)Radiography:NoneInter nal Press.:YesExternal Press.:YesVessel Weight:NoWeight of Attachments:NoAttachment of Internals:NoAttachment of Externals:NoCyclic or Dynamic Reactions:NoWind Loading:NoSeismic Loading:NoFluid Impact Shock Reactions:NoTemperature Gradients:NoDifferential Thermal Expansion:NoAuthor:Laurence BrundrettAbnormal Pressures:NoReviewer:Ben VanderlooHydrotest Loads:NoPressure Vessel Engineering Calculations - CRN Assistance - Vessel Design - finite Element AnalysisDesign ConditionsUG-22 Loadings ConsideredPressure Vessel Engineering Randall Drive, Suite BWaterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2V 519-880-9808 ASME Section VIII-1 CalculationsConclusion.

2 This is a sample calculation set showing various material thicknesses required to meet external Pressure 10, 2010 Table of Contents17-May-11 Page2 of 40 DescriptionPageDescriptionPageCover14b-F EA Results21 Table of Contents2 Section - 522 Material Properties35-Shell23 Section - 245-Half Pipe Jacket242-Shell5 Section - 6252-Left Head66-Stayed Surface262-Right Head7 Section - 7272-FEA Results87-Dimpled Jacket28 Section - 397-Stayed Surface293-Shell107-Half Pipe Jacket303-Vacuum Ring11 Section - 8313-FEA Results138-Left Head32 Section - 4a148-Left Straight Shell334a-Shell158-Cone344a-FEA Results168-Discontinuity Ext Pressure35 Section - 4b178-Right Straight Shell384b-Shell188-Right Head394b-Vacuum Ring198-FEA Results40 RevDateBy010-May-10 Revision(s)DescriptionRelease1 Material Properties ver of 4023<- Vessel45 Design Pressure UG-22(a) <- P, internal operating Pressure at top of Vessel (psig) <- mPa, external operation pressure8 Steam / Water<- Operating <- h, fluid height (ft) <- rho, fluid density ( for water) 11 Design Pressure = P + *rho*h= 30 + * 0 * 0 mDp = Test (UG-99(b)) Pressure measured at top of Vessel , rounded up14 Test Press = P * * MR= 30 * * 1mTp = 391516 Material Properties (ASME IID)17150<- mTemp, design temp FTest at ambient temp18 Where UsedAmbient StrengthDesign StrengthStrength RatioMax FExt Graph19 Head and Pipe Ratio (MR) = B* - Smls.

3 Pipe (K03006)SA-36 * - Bar (K02600)MaterialSA-240 304 - Plate (S30400)External Pressure Calculations2 - Designing for External PressurePage4 of 40 Summary:Comments:See web write up section 2 - Designing for External simple Vessel is designed to code rules for external Pressure , here the results are verified using finite Element analysis (FEA). The FEA results show that the code calculations are bit more conservative than the normally specified 3x factor of and Shell ver ModifiedPage5 of 402 Description3 Options:4 Interior ip? - Calculate interior pressure5 Exterior ep? - Calculate exterior pressure6 Rolled Plate pr? - Pipe or rolled plate7 Non-Threaded pt? - Type of pipe8No relief? - Stress Relief Calculations Required9 Do [in] - outside t [in] - nominal wall tminUG16b [in] - minimum wall per UG-16(b) Le [in] - effective Corr [in] - corrosion allowance15 Material and Conditions:16 Material1718,350 S [psi] - allowable stress El - longitudinal efficiency (circ.)

4 Stress) Ec - circ. connecting efficiency (longitudinal stress) UTP [%] - undertolerance UTI [in] - undertolerance P [psi] - interior Pa [psi] - exterior pressure24 Exterior Pressure Inputs:25HA1 chart - Select external Pressure chart26150 extTemp - Temperature for external pressure27 Variables:28Td = = [in] = t*UTP+ *0+0 = [in] = = [in] = Do/2-nt48 = = = Pressure : VIII-1 UG-27(c)(1,2)34ta [in] = P*Ri/(S* *P)30* (18350* *30) = [in] = P*Ri/(2*S*Ec+ *P)30* (2*18350* + *30) = [in] = MAX(ta,tb,tminUG16b)MAX( , , ) = [in] = P*Ri/(S* *P)30* (18350* *30) = =tmin <= <= = Acceptable39 Exterior Pressure : VIII-1 UG-28(c)40 DoT = Do/nt48 = =Do/tre48 = = 10^PVEL ookup("TableLdo", "Int2 DLin", DoT, LDo) =PVEL ookup("ExtChart","ExtLookup",chart,extTemp,Aa)2,41044 PaMax [psi] = 4*Ba/(3*DoT)4*2410/(3* ) = 1545 CheckPa = PaMax >= Pa15 >= 15 = Acceptable46tre [in] = (3*Do*Pa)/(4*Bb)(3*48*15)/(4*2404) = [in] = tre+Corr+UT+ +0+0+0 = =PVEL ookup("BbChart","BbLookup",chart,extTemp ,Do,Pa,LDo)2,404 Straight ShellSA-240 3041 VIII-1-F&D Head ver ModifiedPage6 of 402 Description3 Dimensions:4 Interior ip?

5 - Calculate interior pressure5 Exterior ep? - Calculate exterior pressure6No relief? - Stress Relief Calculations Required7No App 1-4 App 1-4? - App 1-4(f) Calculation Do [in] - outside diameter of L [in] - inside crown radius (note 1) IKR [in] - inside knuckle radius (note 2) tb [in] - thickness before tf [in] - thickness after forming (note 3) tminUG16b [in] - min. t. per UG-16(b) Corr [in] - corrosion Skirt [in] - straight skirt length16 Material and Conditions:17SA-240 304 Material 1818,350 S [psi] - allowable stress E - head longitudinal P [psi] - interior Pa [psi] - Exterior pressure22 Exterior Pressure Inputs:23HA1 chart - Select external Pressure chart24150 extTemp [ F] - Temperature for external pressure25 Calculated Properties:26note 1:Suggested radius L per UG-32(j) of head (id), in = 2:Suggested radius IKR per UG-32(j) head volume including skirt, cuft = `29 Variables:30t [in] =tf-Corr ~~ thickness with corrosion allowance = [in] =Do-2*t ~~ ID with corrosion allowance removed48-2* = =L/IKR48 = = *(3+sqrt(L/IKR)) *(3+SQRT(48 )) = [in] =L+tb 48+ = Pressure - Required Thickness: App.

6 1-4(a), App. 1-4(d)36 App1-4(f) = = (f)Calc =38 App. 1-4(f) Calculation Not Required39 Tmin [in] = =t >= Max(Tmin,tminUG16b) >= MAX( , ) = Acceptable42 Exterior Pressure - Required Thickness: UG-33(d), UG-28(d)43Aa = (Ro/t) ( ) = =PVEL ookup("ExtChart","ExtLookup",chart,extTe mp,Aa)5,09745 PaMax [psi] =Ba/(Ro/t)5097/( ) = =PaMax >= Pa15 >= 15 = Acceptable47Bb =PVEL ookup("BbChart","BbEHLookup",chart,extTe mp,Ro,Pa)5,09148 TMinE [in] =(Pa*Ro)/Bb(15* )/5091 = [in] =TMinE + + 0 = Head - Flanged and Dishedif(AND( <App1-4(f),App1-4(f)< ),"Calculation Required","Calculation not required")(30*48* )/(2*18350* *30) = (P*L*M)/(2*S* *P) ~~ required minimum thickness1 VIII-1-Elliptical Head ver of 402 Description3 Dimensions:4 Interior ip? - Calculate interior pressure5 Exterior ep? - Calculate exterior pressure6No relief? - Stress Relief Calculations Required7No App 1-4 App 1-4? - App 1-4(f) Calculation Do [in] - outside diameter of h [in] - inside crown height (note 1) tb [in] - thickness before tf [in] - thickness after forming (note 2) tminUG16b [in] - min.

7 T. per UG-16(b) Corr [in] - corrosion Skirt [in] - straight skirt length15 Material and Conditions:16SA-240 304 Material 1718,350 S [psi] - allowable stress E - head longitudinal efficiency P [psi] - interior Pa [psi] - Exterior pressure21 Exterior Pressure Inputs:22HA1 chart - Select external Pressure chart23150 extTemp [ F] - Temperature for external pressure24 Calculated Properties:25note 1: Suggested head weight based on steel, lbs = 2: Suggested head volume including skirt, cuft = :28t [in] =tf-Corr ~~ thickness with corrosion allowance = [in] =Do-2*t ~~ ID with corrosion allowance removed48-2* = [in] =h+t + = =D/(2*h) (2* ) = =Do/(2*ho)48/(2* ) = = value from table = = value from table UG-37 = = value from table = [in]=Kzero* *48 = Pressure - Required Thickness: App. 1-4(c), UG-37(a)(1)38 App1-4(f) =tf/(Kone*D) ( * ) = (f)Calc =40 App. 1-4(f) Calculation Not Required41 Tmin [in] = =t >= Max(Tmin,tminUG16b) >= MAX( , ) = Acceptable44 Exterior Pressure - Required Thickness: UG-33(d), UG-28(d)45Aa = (Ro/t) ( ) = =PVEL ookup("ExtChart","ExtLookup",chart,extTe mp,Aa)5,10747 PaMax [psi] =Ba/(Ro/t)5107/( ) = =PaMax >= >= 15 = Acceptable49Bb =PVEL ookup("BbChart","BbEHLookup",chart,extTe mp,Ro,Pa)5,09150 TMinE [in] =(Pa*Ro)/Bb(15* )/5091 = [in] =TMinE + + 0 = Elliptical Right Headif(AND( <App1-4(f),App1-4(f)< ),"Calculation Required","Calculation not required")(P*D*K)/(2*S* *P)(30* *1)/(2*18350* *30) = 1 LoadsPage8 of 402345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152 Fig-B 15 psi external load is appliedReported factor of safety from buckling = (>3x required by code)Fig-A 96" long Vessel x 48" diameter - F&D head on left ( " thick) 96" straight shell ( " thick)2.

8 1 SE head on right ( " thick)3 - Vacuum RingsPage9 of 40 Summary:Comments:See web write up section 3 - Vacuum Vessel shell has been reinforced by a vacuum ring to reduce the effective length of the shell. The shell thickness has been reduced to the optimum condition. FEA analysis shows that the Vessel now has a very conservative 8x buckling factor of safety1 VIII-1-Pipe and Shell ver ModifiedPage10 of 402 Description3 Options:4 Interior ip? - Calculate interior pressure5 Exterior ep? - Calculate exterior pressure6 Rolled Plate pr? - Pipe or rolled plate7 Non-Threaded pt? - Type of pipe8No relief? - Stress Relief Calculations Required9 Do [in] - outside t [in] - nominal wall tminUG16b [in] - minimum wall per UG-16(b) Le [in] - effective Corr [in] - corrosion allowance15 Material and Conditions:16 Material1718,350 S [psi] - allowable stress El - longitudinal efficiency (circ. stress) Ec - circ.

9 Connecting efficiency (longitudinal stress) UTP [%] - undertolerance UTI [in] - undertolerance P [psi] - interior Pa [psi] - exterior pressure24 Exterior Pressure Inputs:25HA1 chart - Select external Pressure chart26150 extTemp - Temperature for external pressure27 Variables:28Td = = [in] = t*UTP+ *0+0 = [in] = = [in] = Do/2-nt48 = = = Pressure : VIII-1 UG-27(c)(1,2)34ta [in] = P*Ri/(S* *P)30* (18350* *30) = [in] = P*Ri/(2*S*Ec+ *P)30* (2*18350* + *30) = [in] = MAX(ta,tb,tminUG16b)MAX( , , ) = [in] = P*Ri/(S* *P)30* (18350* *30) = =tmin <= <= = Acceptable39 Exterior Pressure : VIII-1 UG-28(c)40 DoT = Do/nt48 = =Do/tre48 = = 10^PVEL ookup("TableLdo", "Int2 DLin", DoT, LDo) =PVEL ookup("ExtChart","ExtLookup",chart,extTemp,Aa)3,22444 PaMax [psi] = 4*Ba/(3*DoT)4*3224/(3* ) = 1545 CheckPa = PaMax >= Pa15 >= 15 = Acceptable46tre [in] = (3*Do*Pa)/(4*Bb)(3*48*15)/(4*3206) = [in] = tre+Corr+UT+ +0+0+0 = =PVEL ookup("BbChart","BbLookup",chart,extTemp ,Do,Pa,LDo)3,206 Straight shell with vacuum ringSA-240 3041 VIII-1-Vacuum Ring Calculator ver of 402 Description3 Vessel Inputs:4SA-240 304 Material516,600 Ssa [psi] - Allowable stress of Do [in] - Outside diameter of ts [in] - Corroded shell t [in] - Required shell thickness for ext.

10 Ls [in] - Supported Pa [psi] - External pressure11HA1r chart - Select external Pressure chart 12150 extTemp [ F] - Temperature for external pressure13 Vacuum Ring Inputs:14SA-36 Material 1516,600 Sba [psi] - Allowable stress of bar1636,000 Sby [psi] - Bar yield stress 1730,000,000 Eb [psi] - Bar modulus of elacticity Wid [in] - Ring bar Dep [in] - Ring bar Leg1 [in] - Weld WP [in] - Weld WS [in] - Weld segment23 Maximum Support Beam Depth: (Norsk Standard n004r1 )24 MaxDep [in] = *Wid*Sqrt(Eb/Sby) * *SQRT(30000000/36000) = [in] =Min(Dep,MaxDep) ~~ Effective beam depthMIN( , ) = Properties:282930313233343536 Wsm [in] = *SQRT(Do*ts) ~~ Allowable shell *SQRT(48* ) = [in^2] =Wid*effDep ~~ Ring cross section * = [in^2] =ts*Wsm ~~ Shell cross section * = [in^2] =As+Ash ~~ Combined cross section + = [in^3] =(ts/2)*ts*Wsm ( )* * = [in^3] =(effDep/2+ts)*effDep*Wid( + )* * = [in] =(XbarAsh +XbarAs)/At ~~ Centroid location( + ) = [in] =Xbar-ts/2 ~~ Distance from combined centroid to shell = [in] = [in^4] =(1/12)*Wid*effDep^3 ~~ Ring moment of interia(1/12)* * ^3 = [in^4] =(1/12)*Wsm*ts^3 ~~ Shell moment of interia(1/12)* * ^3 = [in^4] = (ts+effDep)-effDep/2-Xbar ~~ Distance from combined centroid to ring centroid( + ) = Vacuum Ring(Ixxsh + Ash*h^2)+(Ixxs + As*i^2 ) ~~ Combined moment of inertia( + * ^2)+(Ixxs + * ^2 ) = VIII-1-Vacuum Ring Calculator ver of 401 Required Moment of Inertia.