PROBABILITY AND STATS ENGINEERING AND SCIENCES, …

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2 All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require EdITIoNAustralia Brazil Mexico Singapore United Kingdom United StatesProbability and Statistics for ENGINEERING and the SciencesJay DevoreCalifornia Polytechnic State University, San Luis ObispoCopyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

3 This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions,some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Forvaluable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate formats, please visit to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for materials in your areas of 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

4 2016, 2012, 2009, Cengage LearningALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the otherwise noted, all items Cengage LearningLibrary of Congress Control Number: 2014946237 ISBN: 978-1-305-25180-9 Cengage Learning 20 Channel Center Street Boston, MA 02210 USAC engage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions with office locations around the globe, including Singapore, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Brazil, and Japan. Locate your local office at Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, learn more about Cengage Learning Solutions, visit Purchase any of our products at your local college store or at our preferred online store PROBABILITY and Statistics for ENGINEERING and the Sciences, Ninth Edition Jay L.

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6 Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require my beloved grandsons Philip and Elliot, who are highly statistically 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience.

7 Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require 1 Overview and Descriptive Statistics Introduction 1 Populations, Samples, and Processes 3 Pictorial and Tabular Methods in Descriptive Statistics 13 Measures of Location 29 Measures of Variability 36 Supplementary Exercises 47 Bibliography 51 2 PROBABILITY Introduction 52 Sample Spaces and Events 53 Axioms, Interpretations, and Properties of PROBABILITY 58 Counting Techniques 66 Conditional PROBABILITY 75 Independence 85 Supplementary Exercises 91 Bibliography 94 3 Discrete Random Variables and PROBABILITY Distributions Introduction 95 Random Variables 96 PROBABILITY Distributions for Discrete Random Variables 99 Expected Values 109 The Binomial PROBABILITY Distribution 117 Hypergeometric and Negative Binomial Distributions 126 The Poisson PROBABILITY Distribution 131 Supplementary Exercises 137 Bibliography 140 ContentsCopyright 2016 Cengage Learning.

8 All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require Contents 4 Continuous Random Variables and PROBABILITY Distributions Introduction 141 PROBABILITY Density Functions 142 Cumulative Distribution Functions and Expected Values 147 The Normal Distribution 156 The Exponential and Gamma Distributions 170 Other Continuous Distributions 177 PROBABILITY Plots 184 Supplementary Exercises 193 Bibliography 197 5 Joint PROBABILITY Distributions and Random Samples Introduction 198 Jointly Distributed Random Variables 199 Expected Values, Covariance, and Correlation 213 Statistics and Their Distributions 220 The Distribution of the Sample Mean 230 The Distribution of a Linear Combination 238 Supplementary Exercises 243 Bibliography 246 6 Point Estimation Introduction 247 Some General Concepts of Point Estimation 248 Methods of Point Estimation 264 Supplementary Exercises 274 Bibliography 275 7 Statistical Intervals Based on a Single Sample Introduction 276 Basic Properties of Confidence Intervals 277 Large-Sample Confidence Intervals for a Population Mean and Proportion 285 Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning.

9 All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require ix Intervals Based on a Normal Population Distribution 295 Confidence Intervals for the Variance and Standard Deviation of a Normal Population 304 Supplementary Exercises 307 Bibliography 309 8 Tests of Hypotheses Based on a Single Sample Introduction 310 Hypotheses and Test Procedures 311 z Tests for Hypotheses about a Population Mean 326 The One-Sample t Test 335 Tests Concerning a Population Proportion 346 Further Aspects of Hypothesis Testing 352 Supplementary Exercises 357 Bibliography 360 9 Inferences Based on Two Samples Introduction 361 z Tests and Confidence Intervals for a Difference Between Two Population Means 362 The Two-Sample t Test and Confidence Interval 374 Analysis of Paired Data 382 Inferences Concerning a Difference Between Population

10 Proportions 391 Inferences Concerning Two Population Variances 399 Supplementary Exercises 403 Bibliography 408 10 The Analysis of Variance Introduction 409 Single-Factor ANOVA 410 Multiple Comparisons in ANOVA 420 More on Single-Factor ANOVA 426 Supplementary Exercises 435 Bibliography 436 Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require Contents 11 Multifactor Analysis of Variance Introduction 437 Two-Factor ANOVA with Kij 5 1 438 Two-Factor ANOVA with Kij . 1 451 Three-Factor ANOVA 460 2p Factorial Experiments 469 Supplementary Exercises 483 Bibliography 486 12 Simple Linear Regression and Correlation Introduction 487 The Simple Linear Regression Model 488 Estimating Model Parameters 496 Inferences About the Slope Parameter b1 510 Inferences Concerning mY ?