Problem Drug Use in Pakistan

1 Results from the year 2006 National Assessment Problem drug USE IN Pakistan UNODC s Global Assessment Programme on drug Abuse (GAP) improves the global information base on patterns and trends in drug consumption through supporting Member States to build the systems necessary for collecting reliable data to inform policy and action; encouraging sharing of experiences and technical developments through regional partnerships; and encouraging the adoption of sound methods to collect comparable data.

2 For further information visit Ministry of Narcotics Control Anti Narcotics Force ` Problem drug USE IN Pakistan Results from the year 2006 National Assessment 2007 This is not an official publication of the United Nations. The designations employed and the presentation of materials in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) concerning the legal status of any country, city or areas, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitations of its frontiers or boundaries.

3 This publication has not been formally edited Acknowledgements The 2006 National Assessment on Problem drug Use was conducted under the auspices of the Government of Pakistan s Ministry of Narcotics Control, the Anti Narcotics Force, and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. The technical support in the design, implementation, and data analysis of the study, as well as for writing the report was provided by UNODC s Global Assessment Programme on drug Abuse (GAP).

4 The Global Assessment Programme on drug Abuse has been supported during the period of the assessment by the Government of Sweden. UNODC would also like to thank the Narcotics Affairs Section of the Embassy of United States of America in Islamabad for funding the training of field workers. The success of the study relied on the goodwill and efforts of a large number of individuals whose participation made it possible to implement the assessment on such a large scale. These individuals include not only the research teams in the 23 districts of the country but also those who facilitated and participated in the study at the different levels.

5 The latter include the government functionaries and representatives of drug treatment facilities in each district who gave access to their information. Most importantly, the study would not have been possible without the active participation of the large number of Problem drug users and key informants, who agreed to be interviewed. This report acknowledges in particular the individuals listed below whose support and contributions resulted in the successful implementation of the study.

6 1. Government of Pakistan Ministry of Narcotics Control Mr. Ismail Hassan Niazi, Secretary Mr. Hassan Mahmood, Senior Joint Secretary Anti Narcotics Force Major General Khalid Amir Jaffery, Director General Mr. Anwar Hafeez, Director, drug Abuse Prevention Resource Centre 2. UNODC Country Office for Pakistan Mr. Vincent McClean, Representative Dr. Nadeem ur Rehman, Programme Officer Dr. Farrukh Ansari, Deputy Programme Coordinator Ms. Nabeela Nisar, Programme Assistant Global Assessment Programme on drug Abuse Mr.

7 Kamran Niaz, Epidemiological Adviser, Regional Office for Central Asia, Tashkent Ms. Katri Tala, Associate Expert, Vienna Ms. Sevara Karimova, Research Assistant, Regional Office for Central Asia, Tashkent 3. Research team Fieldwork Supervisors Mr. Salman Shahzad (Sind) Mr. Shahzad Akhtar (Central Punjab) Mr. Syed Kashif Ali Bokhari (Southern Punjab) Mr. Ajab Khan (Baluchistan) Mr. Nasir Khan (North West Frontier Province) Mr. Iftikhar Ahmed (Rawalpindi) Fieldwork Coordinators Mr. Tahseen Ahmed (Sind) Mr. Ayaz Ali Khan (Punjab) Mr.

8 Bashir Alam Gandapur (Baluchistan) Mr. Fazal-e-Habib (North West Frontier Province) Mr. Arshad Mahboob Hamzai, Rawalpindi Interviewers Mr. M. Baligh-ud-Din, Mr. Saeed-ur-Rehman, Mr. Kiffayatullah Khan, Mr. M. Bilal, Ms. Romana Jabeen, Ms. Sumera Fareed, Dr. Ariffullah, Mr. Abid-ur-Rehman, Mr. Faisal Jamil, Mr. Farooq Ahmed Afridi, Mr. Gulnawaz Khan, Mr. , Mr. Maqsood Ellahi, Mr. Tauqeer Ahmed, Mr. Tajamul Hussain, Ms. Elizebeth Nadeem, Ms. Syeda Taskeen Zahra, Dr. Saadia Iqbal, Mr. Ramzan Ahmed, Mr. Umar Draz Bhatti, Ms.

9 Sana Shafiq, Ms. Saman Khan, Mr. Farhan Ahmed, Mr. Sajid Iqbal Alyana, Mr. M. Nazeef, Mr. Asad Iqbal Chatta, Ms. Rabia Saeed, Mr. M. Asgher, Mr. Ghulam Murtaza, Mr. Ghazi M. Nadeem, Mr. Asif Masih, Mr. M. Afzal, Ms. Zaib-un- Nisa, Mr. Yasir Barkat Ammar, Mr. Nasir Abbas Naqvi, Mr. Qaisar Nawaz Brohi, Mr. Ghulam Umer Panhyar, Mr. Riaz Hussain, Mr. Inam Ali Waggan, Mr. Pasand Ali Khoso Dr. Qasim Brohi, Ms. Syeda Qurat-ul- Ain, Ms. Farheen Siddique, Mr. Mukkarum Beg, Mr. Zahid Sindhi, Mr. Wajid Ali, Mr. Khurram Mehdi, Ms.

10 Zaiba Anjum, Mr. M. Dawood, Mr. M. Hashim Agha, Mr. M. Azam, Mr. Naseer Ahmed, Mr. Haroon Rashid, Mr. Syed-ur-Rehman Contents EXECUTIVE OBJECTIVES OF THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE AND PREVALENCE Pakistan IN drug CULTIVATION AND drug ABUSE AND STATUS OF CONVENTION LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL NATIONAL drug CONTROL POLICIES, PRIORITIES AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PATTERNS OF drug SOCIAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF OPIOID drug ABUSE CANNABIS HEROIN OPIUM OPIATE BENZODIAZEPINE INITIATION OF drug INJECTING drug iii drug ABUSE IN Pakistan iv INJECTING AND SEXUAL INJECTING FREQUENCY OF SUBSTANCES INJECTION INJECTING SHARING OF NEEDLES AND OTHER REASONS FOR SHARING INJECTIONS AND OTHER CLEANING NEEDLES AND OBTAINING NEW SEXUAL SEX CONDOM MONEY OR DRUGS FOR TREATMENT AND OTHER