Protocol for Equipment Leak Emission Estimates

1 EPA-453/R-95-0171995 Protocol for Equipment LeakEmission EstimatesEmission Standards ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCYO ffice of Air and RadiationOffice of Air Quality Planning and StandardsResearch Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 November 1995 This report has been reviewed by the Emission StandardsDivision of the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, theEPA and approved for publication. Mention of trade names orcommercial products is not intended to constitute endorsement orrecommendation for use. Copies of this report are availablethrough the Library Services Office (MD-35), EnvironmentalProtection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711;from the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards TechnologyTransfer Network, Environmental Protection Agency, ResearchTriangle Park, North Carolina 27711; or, for a fee, from theNational Technical Information Services, 5285 Port Royal Road,Springfield, Virginia No.

2 EPA-453/R-95-017 FOREWORDThe EPA s Protocol for estimating Equipment leak emissionsis the result of detailed information gathering and dataanalysis. The Protocol was written to provide a thoroughunderstanding of acceptable approaches to generating processunit-specific Emission Estimates . In preparing this document,the EPA has encouraged knowledgeable individuals in industry andthe regulatory community to provide EPA has put forth considerable effort to make thisdocument as comprehensive as possible. However, it should beunderstood that not all details and topics pertaining toequipment leaks could feasibly be included in this , it should be understood that the procedurespresented in this document are not necessarily suitable for allapplications. There will be cases where it will be necessary forthe user of the document to make a professional judgement as tothe appropriate technical approach for collecting and analyzingdata used to estimate Equipment leak data on Equipment leak emissions continues to becollected.

3 It is the intent of the EPA to periodically updatethis document after analysis of the data warrants such anupdate. For example, data recently collected in the petroleumindustry has been used to revise the existing refinerycorrelations, which are based on data collected in thelate 1970s. Furthermore, as new techniques for collecting andanalyzing data are developed, they will be included in updatedversions of this of any manufacturer or company name within thisdocument does not represent endorsement by the OF DEVELOPMENT OF Equipment LEAK Emission General Information on the Approaches forEstimating Equipment Leak Equipment Leak Emission Overview of Equipment Leak Data Collection . Approaches for estimating Equipment Average Emission Factor Screening Ranges EPA Correlation Unit-Specific Correlation Special Speciating Using Response Monitoring Instrument Type and CalibrationGas.

4 estimating emissions for Equipment Using Screening Data Collected at SeveralDifferent estimating VOC Emission Rates from EquipmentContaining Non-VOC estimating Equipment Leak emissions ofInorganic SOURCE Monitoring Operating Principles and Limitations ofPortable VOC Detection OF CONTENTS (Continued) Specifications and Performance Criteria ofPortable VOC Detection Use of Monitoring Devices That Do Not MeetEPA Reference Method 21 The Screening Identification of Equipment to be Screened Procedure for Data MASS Emission Sampling Vacuum Blow-Through Source Pumps and Relief Analytical Analytical Calibration of Analytical Instruments .. Analytical Techniques for Calibration Procedures for the PortableMonitoring Quality Control and Quality Assurance Guidelines Quality Control Quality Assurance ESTIMATION OF CONTROL EFFICIENCIES FOR Equipment LEAKCONTROL OF CONTENTS (Continued) Equipment Modification Control Closed-Vent Pressure Relief Open-Ended Sampling Leak Detection and Repair Control Approach for estimating LDAR Example Application of Example Leak Rate Screening Value Correlation Development andRevision of SOCMI Correlations and Emission Factors.

5 B-1C Revision of Petroleum Industry Correlations and Response Selection of Sample Size for Screening Reference Method Development of Leak Rate Versus Fraction LeakingEquations and Determination of LDAR OF TABLEST ablePage2-1 SOCMI Average Emission Refinery Average Emission Marketing Terminal Average Emission Oil and Gas Production Operations Average SOCMI Screening Ranges Emission Refinery Screening Ranges Emission Factors .. 2-202-7 Marketing Terminal Screening Ranges Oil and Gas Production Operations Screening RangesEmission SOCMI Leak Rate/Screening Value Correlations .. 2-262-10 Petroleum Industry Leak Rate/Screening Default-Zero Values: SOCMI Process Default-Zero Values.

6 Petroleum 10,000 and 100,000 ppmv Screening Value Pegged EmissionRates For SOCMI Process 10,000 and 100,000 ppmv Screening Value Pegged EmissionRates For the Petroleum Performance Criteria for Portable VOC Portable VOC Detection Equipment Leak Emission Example Field Sheets For Equipment Screening Data 3-264-1 Calculation Procedures For Leak Rate When Usingthe Vacuum Calculation Procedures For Leak Rate When Usingthe Blow-Through Example GC Calibration Data OF TABLES (Continued)TablePage4-4 Example Data Collection Form For FugitiveEmissions Bagging Test (Blow-Through Method) .. 4-234-5 Example Data Collection Form For FugitiveEmissions Bagging Test (Vacuum Method)..4-244-6 Example Drift Test Report Summary of Equipment Control Effectiveness For an LDAR Program At aSOCMI Process Control Effectiveness For an LDAR Program At aRefinery Process Equations Relating Average Leak Rate to FractionLeaking at SOCMI Equations Relating Average Leak Rate to FractionLeaking at Refinery Equations Relating Average Leak Rate to FractionLeaking At Marketing Terminal Equations Relating Average Leak Rate to FractionLeaking At Oil and Gas Production Values Used in Example Example Calculation To Determine the Final LeakFrequency Of SOCMI Gas Valves In a MonthlyMonitoring LDAR Program With a Leak Definitionof 10.

7 000 OF FIGURESF igurePage2-1 Overview of Data Collection and AnalysisApproaches for Developing Equipment LeakEmissions SOCMI Correlations Relating Total Organic Compound(TOC) Leak Rate to Screening Value:0 - 1,000 SOCMI Correlations Relating Total Organic Compound(TOC) Leak Rate to Screening Value:1,000 - 1,000,000 Petroleum Industry Correlations Relating Total OrganicCompound (TOC) Leak Rate to Screening Value:1,000 - 1,000,000 Petroleum Industry Correlations Relating Total OrganicCompound (TOC) Leak Rate to Screening Value:1,000 - 1,000,000 Gate Globe Lubricated Plug Ball Valve and Butterfly Weir-Type Diaphragm Valve and Check Valves .. 3-213-6 Centrifugal Spring-Loaded Relief Sampling Train for Bagging a Source Using theVacuum Equipment Required for the Blow-Through SOCMI Gas Valve Average Leak Rate Versus FractionLeaking at Several Leak SOCMI Light Liquid Valve Average Leak Rate VersusFraction Leaking at Several Leak Definitions.

8 5-125-3 SOCMI Light Liquid Pump Average Leak Rate VersusFraction Leaking at Several Leak Definitions .. 5-13viiLIST OF FIGURES (Continued)FigurePage5-4 SOCMI Connector Average Leak Rate Versus FractionLeaking at Several Leak Refinery Gas Valve Average Leak Rate VersusFraction Leaking at Several Leak Definitions .. 5-155-6 Refinery Light Liquid Valve Average Leak RateVersus Fraction Leaking at Several Refinery Light Liquid Pump Average Leak RateVersus Fraction Leaking at Several Refinery Connector Average Leak Rate VersusFraction Leaking at Several Leak Definitions .. 5-185-9 Marketing Terminal Gas Fittings Average Leak RateVersus Fraction Leaking at Several Marketing Terminal Light Liquid Fittings Average LeakRate Versus Fraction Leaking at Several Marketing Terminal Gas Others Average Leak Rate VersusFraction Leaking at Several Leak Definitions.

9 5-215-12 Marketing Terminal Light Liquid Others Average LeakRate Versus Fraction Leaking at Several Marketing Terminal Light Liquid Pumps Average Leak RateVersus Fraction Leaking at Several Marketing Terminal Gas Valves Average Leak Rate VersusFraction Leaking at Several Leak Definitions .. 5-245-15 Marketing Terminal Light Liquid Valves Average LeakRate Versus Fraction Leaking at Several Oil and Gas Production Gas Connectors Average Leak RateVersus Fraction Leaking at Several OF FIGURES (Continued)FigurePage5-17 Oil and Gas Production Light Oil Connectors AverageLeak Rate Versus Fraction Leaking at Several Oil and Gas Production Water/Oil Connectors AverageLeak Rate Versus Fraction Leaking at Several Oil and Gas Production Gas Flanges Average Leak RateVersus Fraction Leaking at Several Oil and Gas Production Light Oil Flanges Average LeakRate Versus Fraction Leaking at Several Oil and Gas Production Gas Open-Ended Lines AverageLeak Rate Versus Fraction Leaking at Several Oil and Gas Production Heavy Oil Open-Ended LinesAverage Leak Rate Versus Fraction Leaking at SeveralLeak Oil and Gas Production Light Oil Open-Ended LinesAverage Leak Rate Versus Fraction Leaking at SeveralLeak Oil and Gas Production

10 Water/Oil Open-Ended LinesAverage Leak Rate Versus Fraction Leaking at SeveralLeak Oil and Gas Production Gas Other Average Leak RateVersus Fraction Leaking at Several Oil and Gas Production Heavy Oil Other Average LeakRate Versus Fraction Leaking at Several Oil and Gas Production Light Oil Other Average LeakRate Versus Fraction Leaking at Several Oil and Gas Production Water/Oil Other Average LeakRate Versus Fraction Leaking at Several OF FIGURES (Continued)FigurePage5-29 Oil and Gas Production Gas Pumps Average Leak RateVersus Fraction Leaking at Several Oil and Gas Production Light Oil Pumps Average LeakRate Versus Fraction Leaking at Several Oil and Gas Production Gas Valves Average Leak RateVersus Fraction Leaking at Several Oil and Gas Production Heavy Oil Valves Average LeakRate Versus Fraction Leaking at Several Oil and Gas Production Light Oil Valves Average LeakRate Versus Fraction Leaking at Several Oil and Gas Production Water/Oil Valves Average LeakRate Versus Fraction Leaking at Several Marketing Terminals Light Liquid Pumps Average LeakRate Versus Fraction Leaking at Several INTRODUCTIONThis document is an update to the EPA Equipment leaksprotocol