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PVC Pipe—Design and Installation

PVC Pipe design and InstallationAWWA MANUAL M23 Second EditionScience and TechnologyAWWA unites the drinking water community by developing and distributing authoritative scientific and technological knowledge. Through its members, AWWA develops industry standards for products and processes that advance public health and safety. AWWA also provides quality improvement programs for water and wastewater 2002 American Water Works Association, All Rights ReservedContentsiiiList of Figures, vList of Tables, viiForeword, ixAcknowledgments, xiChapter 1 General Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride , 1 Material Properties of PVC Pipe Compounds, 1 Corrosion, Permeation, and Chemical Resistance, 2 Environmental Effects, 5 Chapter 2 Testing and and Inspection, 9 Chapter

Injection molded fit-tings use slightly different molding compounds. PVCO is manufactured from ... 2 PVC PIPE—DESIGN AND INSTALLATION with heat stabilizers, lubricants, and other ingredients to make PVC compound that ... Table A-2 is a general guide to the suitability of various elastomers currently

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Transcription of PVC Pipe—Design and Installation

1 PVC Pipe design and InstallationAWWA MANUAL M23 Second EditionScience and TechnologyAWWA unites the drinking water community by developing and distributing authoritative scientific and technological knowledge. Through its members, AWWA develops industry standards for products and processes that advance public health and safety. AWWA also provides quality improvement programs for water and wastewater 2002 American Water Works Association, All Rights ReservedContentsiiiList of Figures, vList of Tables, viiForeword, ixAcknowledgments, xiChapter 1 General Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride , 1 Material Properties of PVC Pipe Compounds, 1 Corrosion, Permeation, and Chemical Resistance, 2 Environmental Effects, 5 Chapter 2 Testing and and Inspection, 9 Chapter 3 Formulas.

2 13 Chapter 4 design Factors Related to External Forces and Loads, 21 Flexible Pipe Theory, 24 Longitudinal Bending, 33 Expansion and Contraction, 40 Thrust Restraint General, 42 Chapter 5 Pressure Hydrostatic Pressure, 53 Distribution Mains, 58 Transmission Mains, 59 injection -Molded PVC Fittings, 62 Fabricated PVC Fittings, 63 Dynamic Surge Pressure, 63 Transmission Pipe design Example, 67 Chapter 6 Receiving, Storage, and , 73 Storage, 75 Chapter 7 , 77 Alignment and Grade, 77 Installation in Trenches, 77 Pipe Joints, 82 Pipe Cutting and Bending, 83 Pipe Embedment, 84 Casings, 86 Copyright 2002 American Water Works Association, All Rights ReservedivAppurtenances, 88 Thrust Restraint, 91 Chapter 8 Testing and Testing, 93 Timing of the Testing, 93 Initial Cleaning of the Pipeline, 94 Test Preparation, 94 Hydrostatic Testing and Leakage Testing, 94 Test Pressure, 95 Duration of Tests, 95 Allowable Leakage, 96 Disinfecting Water Mains, 96 System Maintenance.

3 96 Chapter 9 Service Tapping, 99 Saddle Tapping, 105 Tapping Sleeve and Valve, 107 Appendix A, Chemical Resistance Tables, 109 Appendix B, Flow Friction Loss Tables, 129 Bibliography, 157 Index, 163 List of AWWA Manuals, 167 Copyright 2002 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved 1 AWWA MANUALM23 Chapter1 General Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride PipeB A C K G R O U N D _____Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was discovered in the late nineteenth century. Scientists atthat time found the new plastic material unusual in that it appeared nearly inert tomost chemicals.

4 However, it was soon discovered that the material was resistant tochange, and it was concluded that the material could not be easily formed or processedinto usable the 1920s, scientific curiosity again brought polyvinyl chloride to public atten-tion. In Europe and America, extended efforts eventually brought PVC plastics to themodern world. Technology, worldwide and particularly in Germany, slowly evolved forthe use of PVC in its unplasticized, rigid form, which today is used in the production ofa great many extruded and molded products.

5 In the mid-1930s, German scientists andengineers developed and produced limited quantities of PVC pipe. Some PVC pipeinstalled at that time continues to provide satisfactory service today. Molecularly ori-ented polyvinyl chloride (PVCO) pressure pipe has been installed in Europe since theearly 1970s and in North America since A T E R I A L P R O P E R T I E S O F P V C P I P E C O M P O U N D S _____Polyvinyl chloride pipe and fabricated fittings derive properties and characteristicsfrom the properties of their raw material components.

6 Essentially, PVC pipe and fabri-cated fittings are manufactured from PVC extrusion compounds. injection molded fit-tings use slightly different molding compounds. PVCO is manufactured fromconventional PVC extrusion compounds. The following summary of the material prop-erties for these compounds provides a solid foundation for an understanding andappreciation of PVC pipe chloride resin, the basic building block of PVC pipe, is a polymerderived from natural gas or petroleum, salt water, and air.

7 PVC resin, produced by anyof the common manufacturing processes (bulk, suspension, or emulsion), is combinedCopyright 2002 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved 2 PVC PIPE design AND Installation with heat stabilizers, lubricants, and other ingredients to make PVC compound thatcan be extruded into pipe or molded into and taste-and-odor evaluations of PVC compounds for potable waterconveyance are conducted in accordance with procedures established by NSF Interna-tional.* The extracted water must not exceed the maximum contaminant levels estab-lished by the US Environmental Protection Agency s (USEPA) National InterimPrimary Drinking Water Regulations (1975) and by the NSF limits of acceptance forresidual vinyl chloride monomer and for taste and odor as shown in table 1-1 of NSFS tandard 61.

8 Monitoring is conducted by NSF International or approved pipe extrusion compounds must provide acceptable design stress propertiesas determined by long-term testing under hydrostatic pressure. Hydrostatic designstress ratings for pipe compounds are established after 10,000 hr of hydrostatic test-ing. Long-term performance of injection molded PVC fittings compounds are subject toat least 2,000 hr of hydrostatic s PVC pipe and fittings standards define the basic properties of PVC com-pound, using the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) SpecificationD1784, Standard Specification for Rigid Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Compounds andChlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Compounds.

9 The specification includes afive-digit cell class designation system by which PVC compounds are classified accord-ing to their physical shown in table 1-1, the five properties designated are (1) base resin, (2)impact strength, (3) tensile strength, (4) elastic modulus in tension, and (5) deflectiontemperature under loading. Figure 1-1 shows how the classification system estab-lishes minimum properties for the compound 12454, which is used in PVC pressurepipe manufactured in accordance with AWWA C900, Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pres-sure Pipe and Fabricated Fittings, 4 In.

10 Through 12 In. (100 mm Through 300 mm), forWater Distribution; AWWA C905, Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure Pipe and Fabri-cated Fittings, 14 In. Through 48 In. (350 mm Through 1,200 mm), for Water Trans-mission and Distribution; and AWWA C909, Molecularly Oriented Polyvinyl Chloride(PVCO) Pressure Pipe, 4 In. Through 12 In. (100 mm Through 300 mm), for Water Dis-tribution. The material classification can be found on the pipe as part of its identifica-tion of the important properties of PVC pipe are predetermined by the charac-teristics of the PVC compound from which the pipe is extruded.


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