Questions and Answers

1 Questions and AnswersforDental NursesSecond EditionQuestions and AnswersforDental NursesSecond EditionCarole Hollins BDSG eneral Dental PractitionerMember of the Panel of ExaminersNational Examining Board for Dental Nurses 1997, 2006 by Blackwell Munksgaard, a Blackwell Publishing companyEditorial Offices:Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UKTel: +44 (0)1865 776868 Blackwell Publishing Professional, 2121 State Avenue, Ames, Iowa 50014-8300, USATel:+1 515 292 0140 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd, 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, AustraliaTel: +61 (0)3 8359 1011 The right of the Author to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act rights reserved.

2 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the edition published 1997 by Blackwell MunksgaardSecond edition published 2006 ISBN-13: 978-14051-4831-3 ISBN-10: 1-4051-4831-4 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataHollins, and Answers for dental nurses / Carole Hollins. 2nd ; bibliographical references and : 978-1-4051-4831-3 (pbk. : alk. paper)ISBN-10: 1-4051-4831-4 (pbk.)

3 : alk. paper)1. Dental assistants Examinations, Questions , etc. 2. Dentistry Examinations, Questions , etc. I. Title.[DNLM: 1. Dental Assistants Examination Questions . WU H741q 2006] 0076 dc222006006421A catalogue record for this title is available from the British LibrarySet in 10/13 pt Berlingby Graphicraft Limited, Hong KongPrinted and bound in India by Replika Press Pvt LtdThe publisher s policy is to use permanent paper from mills that operate a sustainable forestry policy, and which has been manufactured from pulp processed using acid-free and elementary chlorine-free practices. Furthermore, the publisher ensures that the text paper and cover board used have met acceptable environmental accreditation further information on Blackwell Munksgaard, visit our website: book is dedicated to little Mary, whose beauty came from to the very beloved memory of our wonderful Joanie !

4 Section 7: Dental materials andconservation instruments61 General dental materials used daily, and the routine conservation instruments requiredSection 8: Restorative dentistry71 Fillings, fixed and removable prosthetics,endodonticsSection 9: Minor oral surgery90 Simple and surgical extractions, periodontal surgery, biopsy, apicectomySection 10: Anaesthesia and sedation100 Local anaesthesia, sedation techniques,hazards of the proceduresSection 11: Medical emergencies anddrugs (ART relevant section)109 Types of emergency, resuscitation and first aid, drug therapySection 12: Orthodontics124 Theory, causes of malocclusion, instruments, methods of treatmentSection 13: Dental radiography(ART relevant section)134 Principles and techniques, film composition, developingSection 14: Health and safety at work in relation to dentistry (ART relevantsection)150 COSHH, RIDDOR, ionising radiationregulations, waste regulations, fire regulationsGlossaryixHow to use this bookxiDetails on how to approach and answer the written and diagrammatical parts of the NEBDN examination, including the six Access to Registration Training areasSection 1.

5 Duties and non-surgical role of the dental nurse1 Record keeping, some NHS regulations,reception and clerical dutiesSection 2: Anatomy and physiology10 Circulatory system, digestive systemSection 3: Dental anatomy and physiology18 The skull, tooth morphology, dental muscles, tongue, salivary glandsSection 4: Pathology and microbiology28 Generally and specifically in relation to the oral cavity, inflammation and disease processesSection 5: Causes and prevention ofdental disease36 Caries, periodontal disease, dental health educationSection 6: Sterilisation and infectioncontrol (ART relevant section)47 Importance of sterility and cleanliness in the surgery, cross-infection and infectioncontrolContentsSection 15: Working with dentists andpatients (ART relevant section)167 Chairside assisting, communication and teamwork, dental ethics, handling complaints, confidentiality, consentSection 16: Personal development andlifelong learning (ART relevant section)178 Continuing professional development,reflective learning, personal developmentplans, developing learning skillsSection 17.

6 NVQ IndependentAssessment184 Introduction to areas covered by IA, style of questioning of all three sections of the written examination with answersIndex231viii ContentsIAindependent assessmentIDidentityIPAisopropyl alcoholkVkilovoltLDSL icentiate in Dental SurgeryMBmesiobuccalMImyocardial infarctionmmmillimetremmHgmillimetres of mercuryMOmesio-occlusalMODmesio-occlusod istalmSvmillisievertnAUGnecrotising acute ulcerativegingivitisNEBDNN ational Examining Board forDental NursesNHSN ational Health ServiceNSAIDnon-steroidal anti-inflammatorydrugNVQN ational VocationalQualificationOPT/OPG orthopantomograph (variousabbreviations used fororthopantomograph.)

7 DPT is a synonym)PPEpersonal protective equipmentQAquality assuranceRIDDORR eporting of Injuries, Diseasesand Dangerous OccurrencesRegulationsRPAradiation protection advisorRPSradiation protection supervisorTMJtemporomandibular jointUKUnited KingdomADJamelodentinal junctionAIDS acquired immune deficiencysyndromeALARAas low as reasonably achievableARTA ccess to Registration TrainingBDSB achelor of Dental SurgeryBNFB ritish National FormularyBPEbasic periodontal examinationCCTV closed-circuit televisionCOSHHC ontrol of Substances Hazardousto HealthCPDcontinuing professionaldevelopmentCPITNC ommunity Periodontal Index of Treatment NeedsCPRcardiopulmonary resuscitationDCPdental care professionalDNdental

8 NurseDOdisto-occlusalDOBdisto-occlusobuc calDOPdisto-occlusopalatalDPBD ental Practice BoardDPFD ental Practitioners FormularyDRABC dangers, responsiveness, airway,breathing, circulationDPTdentopantomograph (see alsoOPT)DVDdigital video diskGAgeneral anaestheticGDCG eneral Dental CouncilGTNglyceryl trinitrateHIVhuman immunodeficiency virusHSEH ealth and Safety ExecutiveGlossarychoices are incorrect. Students should find thisuseful in extending their depth of knowledge ofthe given on how to answer each of the fourtypes of question are given below and shouldbe read and understood before attempting touse this book.

9 Most importantly, students areadvised to read the Questions correctly beforeattempting their Answers : there is no easier wayof failing an examination than to misread aquestion in haste and then to give an is hoped that all students using the bookwill find it both instructive and informative,and an invaluable revision aid in their quest sectionThis section of the examination consists of 15 Questions with four alternative Answers foreach. The candidate has to choose the mostsuitable answer present and then mark it with a cross. Occasionally, there may be more thanone correct answer and this is why candidatesare instructed to choose only the most must be stressed that Answers marked bymore than one cross are invalid and will be dis-counted, and theoretically any mark other thana cross could also be , for example:15.

10 The colour of an oxygen cylinder is:(a)blue( b) orange(c)black with white shoulder(d)white with blue shoulderThis second edition of Questions and Answersfor Dental Nurseshas been expanded to includemany more Questions relevant to the six areasof the Access to Registration Training subjects(marked ART relevant section as appropriate),as well as full coverage of the current NationalExamination in Dental Nursing syllabus, and anextra chapter has been added to demonstratethe style of written paper used in the independ-ent assessment of the NVQ level 3 , the book now acts as a revisionaid for whichever route dental nurses choose to take on the path to qualification and book is designed to be used as a com-panion to the course textbook for either theNational Examination or the NVQ.