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1 Radar Alignment and Accuracy tool RASS-R Radar Comparator Dual Edition: 2 Date: 10-Aug-09 Status: Released Radar Alignment and Accuracy tool : RASS-R Radar Comparator Dual 2/53 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION Document Title Radar Alignment and Accuracy tool : RASS-R Radar Comparator Dual 2 Edition 10-Aug-09 Edition date Andrey Pchelintsev ( , R&D Scientist) Author Dirk De bal (System engineer) and Marcel Vanuytven (CEO) Editor Abstract This document describes the general principles underlying the Radar Comparator Dual, demonstrates results of various evaluation campaigns, discuss the main outcomes of the technique for the accurate analysis of modern Radar hardware.

2 A special attention has been paid to using of ADS-B data for Radar analysis, evaluation and continuous monitoring. Keywords Multi- Radar Alignment Accuracy Figure of Merit ADS-B radome 3D Radar OBA lookup table Andrey Pchelintsev +32 14 231811 Contact person Tel address DOCUMENT STATUS STATUS Working Draft Draft Proposed Issue.

3 Released Issue ELECTRONIC BACKUP IE-SUP-00042-002 Radar Alignment and Accuracy INTERNAL REFERENCE NAME : HOST SYSTEM SOFTWARE(S) Windows XP Pro Word 2003 Radar Alignment and Accuracy tool : RASS-R Radar Comparator Dual 3/53 DOCUMENT CHANGE RECORD Te following table records the complete history of the successive editions of the present document. EDITION DATE REASON FOR CHANGE SECTIONS PAGES AFFECTED APPROVED BY 24-Nov-08 New document All AP 18-Feb-09 New Layout All EV 2 10-Aug-09 Updated version for publishing paper for 54th ATCA Annual Conference and Exposition; Section removed; Chapter 5 added; All AP BS Radar Alignment and Accuracy tool : RASS-R Radar Comparator Dual 4/53 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.

4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .. 9 2. 10 3. Radar COMPARATOR NEW APPROACH .. 11 Radar VS Radar MEASUREMENT: BASIC PRINCIPLES .. 11 USED METHODS .. 12 SYSTEMATIC ERRORS MEASUREMENT .. 12 Two Radars Absolute Measurement .. 13 Two Radars Relative Measurement .. 13 Accuracy of the Measurement .. 14 Radar vs. ADS-B Analysis .. 15 Radar vs. ADS-B Analysis: Data Handling .. 16 TRAJECTORY RECONSTRUCTION AND Accuracy MEASUREMENT .. 19 4. RESULTS AND APPLICATIONS .. 23 CASE A: REAL VALUE FOR Radar EVALUATION AND CONTINUOUS PERFORMANCE MONITORING.

5 23 BAROMETRIC HEIGHT ERROR AND ADS-B .. 25 CASE B: Radar RADOME INFLUENCE EVALUATION AND MONOPULSE DISTORTION CORRECTION .. 28 CASE C: MEASUREMENT OF THE AZIMUTH ERRORS GENERATED BY LIGHTENING 32 CASE D: 3D Radar ELEVATION OBA LOOKUP TABLES CORRECTION .. 34 MEASUREMENT OF MODE-S AZIMUTH BIAS AT HIGH ELEVATION ANGLES .. 35 AC ADS-B QUALITY MONITORING .. 36 5. CONCLUSION .. 37 6. ANNEX 1: Radar COMPARATOR DUAL USED METHODS .. 38 DATA CORRECTION METHODS .. 38 Timestamp Analysis .. 38 ACP Eccentricity Correction.

6 38 Barometric Height Correction using Atmospheric Soundings .. 38 Atmospheric Refraction Error and Correction .. 39 GENERAL Radar DATA PROCESSING METHODS .. 42 XYZ-t Filtering Method .. 42 Linear Interpolation .. 42 Correlation of the Data .. 43 Height Reconstruction .. 43 Radar VS. Radar ANALYSIS .. 43 Systematic Errors 43 Matrix Structure .. 44 Relative Measurement .. 47 Radar VS. ADS-B ANALYSIS .. 48 Matrix Structure .. 48 Measurement Figure of Merit (MFM) .. 50 Dual Comparison: Accuracy of the Measurement of the Systematic Errors.

7 50 TRAJECTORY RECONSTRUCTION AND RANDOM ERRORS .. 51 7. 53 Radar Alignment and Accuracy tool : RASS-R Radar Comparator Dual 5/53 TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1: Results of aircraft latency measurement for four radars (Mode-S rad1, rad2 and SSR rad3, rad4) compared in 4 separate measurement campaigns to the same ADS-B data set .. 16 Figure 2: Mode-S radars compared to the same ADS-B data set. Comparison between the inferred latencies and transponder delays.. 17 Figure 3: Examples of the trajectories having different MFM: a) 9, b) 4, c) 0.

8 18 Figure 4: Along track ADS-B errors for 3 aircraft calculated comparing ADS-B with rad1 (white line) and then with rad2 (red line).. 20 Figure 5: Examples of the trajectory reconstruction: a), c) speed variation, b), d) heading variation .. 21 Figure 6: XY display: example of the high quality of the trajectory reconstruction .. 22 Figure 7: Results of a 5-day continuous measurement including 2 MSSR, 3 MODES and ADS-B: azimuth bias dynamics for Radar MODES#3 measured separately vs.

9 Different sources.. 24 Figure 8: Results of a 5-day continuous measurement including 2 MSSR radars, 3 MODES radars and ADS-B: range bias dynamics for Radar MODES#3 measured separately vs. different sources.. 24 Figure 9: Distribution of the barometric error for [5000, 5500] m measured 12:00pm to 12:00am on 24-01-2008 BELGOCONTROL .. 25 Figure 10: Distribution of the barometric error for [7000, 7500] m measured 12:00pm to 12:00am on 24-01-2008 BELGOCONTROL .. 26 Figure 11: Distribution of the barometric error for [9000, 9500] m measured 12:00pm to 12:00am on 24-01-2008 BELGOCONTROL.

10 26 Figure 12: Distribution of the barometric error for [9000, 9500] m measured 12:00pm to 12:00am on 25-01-2008 BELGOCONTROL .. 27 Figure 13: Distribution of the barometric error for [9000, 9500] m measured 12:00pm to 12:00am on 26-01-2008 BELGOCONTROL .. 27 Figure 14: Picture of Radar N.. 28 Figure 15: Azimuth error vs. azimuth for Radar N inside a radome .. 29 Figure 16: Gyro measurement for Radar N showing ACP glitch .. 29 Figure 17: Azimuth error vs. azimuth for Radar N inside a radome after ACP eccentricity correction.