Recommended Practice for Design and Construction

1 Precast Prestressed ConcreteParking Structures: Recommended Practice for Design and ConstructionPrecast Prestressed ConcreteParking Structures: Recommended Practice for Design and ConstructionCopyright 1997 The Precast/Prestressed Concrete InstituteAll Rights ReservedNo part of this document may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior written consent of the Precast/Prestressed Concrete in the United States of AmericaISBN 0-937040-58-4 Substantial effort has been made to ensure that all data and information in this Recommended practices manual are accurate. However, PCI cannot accept responsibility for any errors or oversights in the use of material or in the preparation of engineering plans. This publication is intended for use by professional personnel competentto evaluate the significance and limitations of its contents and able to accept responsibility for the application of the material it contains.

2 Special conditions on a project may require more specific evaluation and practical engineering the cover: Cook County Juvenile Center Parking Garage, Chicago, ILPhoto: William Kildow PhotographyPRECAST / PRESTRESSED CONCRETE INSTITUTE175 W. Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, IL 60604 Phone: (312) 786-0300 Fax: (312) 786-0353 e-mail: C. BaurE. Fred BrecherJ. Edward BrittRalph BrownDharmendra P. BuchAnthony P. ChrestLarry D. ChurchJames L. ClarkeSuresh S. GamiMatthew J. (Paul) JohalWalter KorkoszPaul I. LewAdrian LovellCharles Magnesio (Past Chrmn.)Donald R. MonahanDavid MonroeJohn MurphyFrank A. NadeauPeter NeedhamPredrag L. PopovicRaymond A. SchlittGerald M. SermersheimIrwin J. SpeyerJohn A. TannerMcKinney TaylorH. Carl WalkerTed WolfsthalPrecast Prestressed ConcreteParking Structures: Recommended Practice for Design and ConstructionPCI COMMITTEE ON PARKING STRUCTURESGreg Force, ChairmanMichael CrowleyJames T.

3 EngleGregory B. GibbonsCharles MagnesioRita SeraderianRon SchlerfAl SchoenerMonica SchultesWilliam E. WhitcherPCI COMMITTEE ON PARKING MARKETING & PROMOTIONR obert J. Vitelli, ChairmanSpecial thanks to Norm Scott & Tom D Arcy for their help in revising this publicationParking Structure Fuctional DesignParking Structures: Recommended Practice For Design and ConstructionTable of INTRODUCTION.. Parking Structure Durability.. High Performance Concrete .. Past Performance .. New Techniques To Improve Performance.. Facade Treatments.. Brick & Tile Inlays.. Exposed Aggregates .. Shapes .. Other Finishes .. Design For Functionality.. Key Elements in Design .. Active Security .. Passive Security.. Framing Systems .. Light Wells.

4 Floor-Height Considerations.. Floor Layouts .. Signage .. Safety Measures .. Cost Considerations.. Reduced Construction Cost Due To Early Occupancy/Revenue .. Reduced Maintenance Cost .. Design /Build .. PARKING STRUCTURE FUNCTIONAL Design .. Introduction.. Types of Parking Structures.. Operational Types .. Building Code Types .. Revenue Control/Operating Systems.. Transient or Hourly Parking .. Monthly Contract Parking .. Cashiering .. Street Access Design .. Entrances .. Exits.. Floor-to-Ceiling Clearances .. Circulation Systems--Level of Service.. Parking Configuration.. Accessible Parking .. 2-13 Parking Structure Fuctional DesignParking Structures: Recommended Practice For Design and ConstructionTable of Pedestrian Circulation--Stairs and Elevators.

5 Security.. Passive Security .. Active Security .. Lighting.. Lighting Design Criteria.. Fixture Selection .. Light Source Selection .. Fixture Placement .. Electrical Equipment Room .. Graphics and Signage.. Other Items to Consider.. Summary.. DURABILITY CONSIDERATIONS.. Introduction.. Durability Factors.. The Corrosion Deterioration Process.. Designing for Climatic Deterioration.. Concrete Quality .. Topping Quality .. Finishing .. Curing .. Drainage .. Concrete Cover .. Concrete Surface Sealers .. Penetrants .. Surface Sealers .. Geographic Considerations .. Crack Prevention, Control Joints and Sealing .. Uncracked Section Design .. Construction and Control Joints.

6 Isolation Joint Sealing .. Additional Durability Measures .. Epoxy-Coated Reinforcement .. Traffic-Bearing Membranes .. Corrosion Inhibitors .. Microsilica .. Protection for Precast Connections .. Electrical Accessories .. Durability Considerations Summary.. 3-12 Parking Structure Fuctional DesignParking Structures: Recommended Practice For Design and ConstructionTable of STRUCTURAL Design .. Introduction.. Gravity Loads.. Live Loads .. Dead Loads .. Torsional Loads .. Concentrated Loads .. Additional Points to Consider.. Vehicle Impact .. Earth Pressure .. Lateral Loads.. Volume Changes .. Shrinkage and Creep .. Temperature-Related Volume Changes.. Volume-Change Effects on Frames .. Structural Strategies.

7 Frame Action .. Ramp Truss Action .. Shear Walls .. Floor Diaphragms.. Isolation (Expansion) Joints .. Structural Considerations .. 4-10(1) Types of Isolation Joints.. 4-12(2) Location of Isolation Joints .. 4-13(3) Additional Considerations .. Isolation Joint Details .. Drainage.. Slope.. Drains.. Precast Products.. Stemmed Floor Members .. Composite Topping for Stemmed and Slab Floor Members .. Beams.. Pretopped Double Tees.. Differential Camber .. Sealing Joints .. Drainage .. Connections .. Special Loading Considerations.. Erection Considerations During Design .. Design Examples.. 4-22 Parking Structure Fuctional DesignParking Structures: Recommended Practice For Design and ConstructionTable of CONNECTIONS.

8 Structural Frames.. Braced Frames or Shear Walls.. Unbraced Frames.. Galvanizing--Special Precautions.. Typical Details.. PRODUCTION.. Concrete Quality.. Admixtures .. Casting Standardization.. Products .. Double Tees .. Beams .. Spandrels .. Columns .. Walls with Openings .. Other Panels .. Shear Walls .. Daps, Blockouts and Haunches .. Non-Prestressed Reinforcing.. Cast-In Materials.. Standardization .. Inserts.. Sleeves .. Plate Assembly Anchorages.. Molds/Formwork.. Manufacturing, Interfacing, and Erection Tolerances.. Product Manufacturing Tolerances .. Structural Conditions .. Connection Tolerances .. Visual Effects .. Interfacing Tolerances.. Door and Window Blockouts.

9 Quality Control.. Inspection by the Precaster .. Pre-Pour Inspection .. Post-Pour Inspection.. Miscellaneous Inspection .. Inspections by Designers .. 6-8 Parking Structure Fuctional DesignParking Structures: Recommended Practice For Design and ConstructionTable of Finishes.. Floor Member Finishes.. Expose Surface Finishes .. Architectural Finishes .. Facade Samples .. Production Summary.. ERECTION CONSIDERATIONS.. Introduction.. Erection Procedures.. Stability.. Deck Members.. Columns.. Wall Panels.. Beams and Spandrels.. Beam Connections.. Structural L and T Beams .. Field Considerations for Connections.. Introduction .. Temporary Connections .. Types of Connections (as related to erection).

10 Bolted Connections .. Welded Connections.. Post-Tensioned Connections .. Grout, Mortar, and Dry-Pack .. Field Erection Tolerances.. Clearances .. Connection Tolerances .. Hardware .. Protection of Work, Patching, and Cleaning .. Protection of Work .. Patching.. Cleaning .. 7-13 APPENDIX MAINTENANCE APPENDIX .. A-1 Introduction.. A-1 Types of Maintenance.. A-1 Housekeeping .. A-1 Preventive Maintenance .. A-2 Parking Structure Fuctional DesignParking Structures: Recommended Practice For Design and ConstructionTable of ContentsPreventive Maintenance Schedule .. A-3 Parking Structure Repairs .. A-4 Maintenance for a Repaired Parking Structure.. A-4 Periodic Condition Audit.. A-5 Snow and Ice Removal .. A-5 Documentation and Planning.