Remembering our Past - PVAO

1 1521 1946By: Jommel P. TactaquinHead, Research and Documentation SectionVeterans Memorial and Historical DivisionPhilippine Veterans Affairs Office Remembering our PastThePhilippines,becauseofitsgeographi callocation,becameembroiledinwhathistori ansrefertoasasearchfornewlandstoexpandEu ropeanempires s,Portugeseexplorersdiscoveredtheabundan ceofmanydifferentresourcesinthese newlands ,Spaniards,andtheBritish, AmericanWar, ,1946, Philippine Historic PastThe Philippine Historic PastFerdinand MagellanBorn 1480 Sabrosa, PortugalDied April 27, 1521 (aged40 41)Cebu, Philippines Other namesPortugese: Fern o de Magalh esSpanish: Hernando de MagallanesKnownfor: Captained the first circumnavigation of the ,thefirstwelldocumentarrivalofEuropeansi nthearchipelagowastheSpanishexpeditionle dbyPortugueseFerdinandMagellan, ,Butuan,(nowinAugustandelNorte), ,thechieftainofSugbu(presentdayCebu), ,Magellan,with48ofhismenand1,000nativewa rriors, ,Stefan,"ConqueroroftheSeas TheStoryofMagellan",2007,ISBN1406760064 ReferenceBergreen, Lawrence (October 14, 2003).

2 Over The Edge of the World: Magellan's Terrifying Circumnavigation of the Globe. 1521 (March17) ,March31,1521,atMasao,Butuan,(nowinAugus andelNorte),hesolemnlyplantedacrossandcl aimedtheislandforSpain, Philippine Historic PastReferenceAgoncillo, Teodoro (2006) Introduction to Filipino History. Garotech Publishing, and David Hawthorne (1964). Ferdinand Magellan. Doubleday & Company, ,1521, , of Lapu-lapuThe Philippine Historic PastReferenceKamen, Henry (2004). Empire: How Spain Became a WorldPower, 1492-1763. Harper, Collins ISBN 0060932643 Miguel Lopez de LegaspiFirst Governor and Captain-General Of the PhilippinesInofficeApril 27, 1565 August 20, 1572 Born 1502 Zumarraga, Guipuzcoa, SpainDied August 20, 1572 Manila, PhilippinesReference Noone, Mart n J. The Discovery and Conquest of the Philippines 1521-1581, 1983 ReferenceDeMorga,Antonio.(2004). HistoryofthePhilippineIslands". , ColonizationofthePhilippinesbeganwiththe arrivalofSpanishexplorerMiguelLopezdeLeg aspifromNuevaEspa a(presentdayMexico) , sdeUrdaneta, Philippine Historic Past1762 (October30)ArchbishopManuelAntonioRojode lRioyVieyra,BishopofManilaandrepresentat iveoftheSpanishRealAudencia,followingthe deathoftheGobernador-General,DonPedroMan ueldeArandia, , exploitedandimpressedintoservice and forcedtobecomewoodcutters,shipbuilders,c rewmenandmunitionsworkers.

3 Filipinos,themajorityenteringLouisianadi rectlybygalleonsfromMexico, , : Forgotten Asian Americans by Fred CordovaSaint Malo Settlement as appeared in Harper's Weekly, 1883 ReferenceTracy,Nicholas(1995),ManilaRans omed:TheBritishAssaultonManilaintheSeven YearWar,UniversityofExeterPress,ISBN0859 894266,ISBN9780859894265 Sir William DraperBorn 1721, Bristol, United KingdomDied January 8, 1787 Knownfor: Conquer of Manila, losing MinorcaThe Philippine Historic PastMart , ,hefoughtanumberofbattlesagainsttheMusli mchieftain, , sketch of Manila Bay, circa 1800sReference Noone, Mart n J. The Discovery and Conquest of the Philippines 1521-1581, 19831781 Oneoftheforty-sixearlysettlersofPueblode NuestraSe oraReinadelosAngeles,nowtheCityofLosAnge les, : Forgotten Asian Americans by Fred CordovaThree most celebrated Ilustradosat the end of 19th century: Jose Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar and Mariano PonceThe Philippine Historic Past1863 QueenIsabellaofSpaindecreedtheestablishm entofapublicschoolsystemintheSpanishmode lleadingtoanincreasingnumberofeducatedin diosandcriollosorInsulares,(Spaniardsbor ninthePhilippines), ,themostcelebratedintellectualandradical Ilustradooftheera,wrotethenovels NolimiTangere",and ElFilibusterismo", ,asecretmilitantsociety, reference reference Massdeportationoccurredofnationaliststot heIslalosLadrones(presentdayGuam) , ,LaSolidaridad, , John N.

4 (1973). The Propaganda Movement,1881-1896: The creation of a Filipino Consciousness (1997 ed.) Manila: Ateneo de Manila University 9789715502092 The Philippine Historic PastThedesiretoformapurelyFilipinoorgani zationwasfulfilledonDecember13, 'sMadridgroupalthoughthetwoorganizations joinedtogetherinapetitionaddressedtotheM inisteroftheColoniesaskingforrepresentat ionintheCortes,abolitionofcensorshipofth epress, 'scousin, ,vicepresident,andMarianoPonce, ,inLondonatthetime, , Lopez JaenaMariano PonceMarcelo del PilarReferenceSchumacher, John N. (1973). The Propaganda Movement,1881-1896: The creation of a Filipino Consciousness (1997 ed.) Manila: Ateneo de Manila University 9789715502092 The Philippine Historic Past1896 InthelastdaysofAugust,BonifaciocalledKat ipunanmemberstoamassgatheringinCaloocan, (communitytaxcertificates) ,buttwopossibilitieshavebeenofficiallyen dorsedbythePhilippinegovernment:August26 inBalintawakandlater, "CryofBalintawak"or"CryofPugadLawin". , Adrian (2005) [1997],The Tragedy of the Revolution,University of the PhilippinesPress, ISBN 971-542-471-6 First Katipunan (Bonifacio s) flag first flown July 7,1892 The Philippine Historic Past1892 (July)JoseRizalwasimplicatedintheactivit iesofthenascentrebellion,wasdeportedtoDa pitanintheprovinceofZamboanga, ,ahospitalandawatersupplysystem, Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso RealondaBorn June 19, 18611896-therebellionfomentedbytheKatipu nanhadbecomeafullblownrevolution, ,RizalvolunteeredandwasgivenleavebytheGo bernador-General,RamonBlanco, , n Blanco y Erenas, marqu s de Pe a Plata(1833 1906)Term: 1893-Dec 13, 1896 The Philippine Historic PastReferenceZaide, Gregorio F.

5 (2003) Jose Rizal: Life, Works and Writingsof a Genius, Writer, Scientist and National Hero. Manila: National Bookstore. ISBN 9710805207 RizalwasarrestedenroutetoHavana,imprison edinBarcelona, ,sedition, ,hewasunchained,noSpaniardlaidahandonhim , ,whowassympathetictoRizal,hadbeenforcedo utofoffice,andthefriarshadintercalatedCa milodePolaviejainhisplace,sealingRizal' , , Philippine Historic Past1896 (December30)ExecutionofJoseRizalatBagumb ayan(Luneta),presentdaysiteofRizalPark, Photograph of the Execution of Jose Rizal (encircled)1897 TheKatipunan-MagdalomovementofCaviteunde rself-appointedgeneral,EmilioAguinaldoan danotherCavitefaction,theMagdiwang, ,theoriginalfounderoftheKatipunan,consid eredhismovementtobetheRevolutionaryGover nment,butnevertheless,heacquiescedandpre sidedoverelectionsheldduringtheTejerosCo nventionheldinTejeros,CaviteonMarch22, , ,BonifaciodeclaredtheConventionnullandvo id,andsoughttoreturntohispowerbaseinMoro ng(present-dayRizalProvince),Heandhispar tywereinterceptedbyAguinaldo' ,triedandfoundguiltyoftreasonbyaCavitemi litarytribunal, ,AguinaldoconfirmedthedeathsentenceandBo nifaciowasexecutedonMay10,1897inthemount ainsofMaragondoninCavite, Bonifacio y de CastroNov 30, 1863 -May 10, 1897 Emilio Aguinaldo y FamyMar 22, 1869 Feb 6, 1964 reference Zaide, Gregorio F.

6 (1984) PhilippineHistory and Government. NationalBookstore Printing PressThe Philippine Historic PastThePactofBiak-na-Bato,signedonDecemb er14,1897, Revolutionary Soldiers Encampment Biak-na-Bato, Bulacan Dec 27, 1897 Delegates to the Pact of ,PedroPaterno,mediator, ,LtoR,rebelleadersIsabeloArtacho,Baldome roAguinaldo,SeverinodelasAlas,AntonioMon tenegroandVitoBelarmino.(Paternobecameon eofthefounders,andMontenegroafoundingmem ber, ,1900.)FilipinoexilesinHongKong,phototak eninearly1898:EmilioAguinaldo(arrow)led3 6otherrevolutionaryleadersincludingGrego riodelPilarintoexileintheBritishcolonyTh e Philippine Historic PastOn-line referenceArnaldo Dumindin, Spanish-American (April21)StartofSpanish-AmericanWarfollo wingthesinking,onFebruary15inHavanaHarbo r, (May19)AguinaldoreturnedtothePhilippines andheimmediatelyresumedrevolutionaryacti vitiesagainsttheSpaniards, ,revolutionaryforcesconquerednearlyallof Spanish-heldterritories,withtheexception ofManila, ,000 SpanishprisonerstotheAmericans, Revolutionary Soldiers, 1898 Philippine Historic PastSpanish Colonial Soldiers Prisoners of WarCavite, 1897 Malolos ,however,wasnotrecognizedbytheUnitedStat esorSpain, , (March23)TheinsurgentFirstPhilippineRepu blicformallyestablishedwiththeproclamati onoftheMalolosConventioninMalolos, TheMalolosCongressdeclaredwarontheUnited States,withPedroPaterno,PresidentofCongr ess, , referenceArnaldo Dumindin, Spanish-American Philippine Historic Past1899 (February4)

7 ,thePhilippineNationalHistoricalInstitut efoundtheincidentactuallyhappenedinSocie goandSilenciostreetsinSantaMesa, (March23)CaptureandsurrenderofEmilioAgui naldototheAmericanforcesinPalanan,Isabel a, ,SantaMesaDistrict, (inEnglishandinFilipino) :"Hereat9:00intheeveningofFebruary4th,18 99,PrivateWilliamGraysonoftheFirstNebras kaVolunteersfiredtheshotthatstartedtheFi lipino-AmericanWar. The Philippine Historic ,ratified, 'sExecutiveOrderestablishingthePhilippin eCommissionandstipulatedthatalegislature wouldbeestablishedcomposedofalowerhouse, thePhilippineAssembly,whichwouldbepopula rlyelected, ,andprovincialcivilgovernmentshavingbeen established, , ,1901, rendition of the capture of Aguinaldo in Palanan, IsabelaMacabebe Scouts who helped capture Emilio AguinaldoOn-line referenceArnaldo Dumindin, Spanish-American Philippine Historic PastFromtheverybeginning, "retentionists,"theissuewasnotwhetherthe Philippineswouldbegrantedself-rule, ,inhisinstructionstotheFirstPhilippineCo mmissionin1898(morepopularlyknownastheTa ftCommission), ,findingthelocallanguagestobetoonumerous andtoodifficulttolearnandwriteteachingma terialsin, Howard TaftFirst Civil GovernorInofficeJul 4, 1901 -Feb 1, 1904 President William McKinley 25th.

8 PresidentInofficeMar 4, 1897 Sep 14, 1901 The Philippine Historic PastTheThomasitesarrivedinthePhilippines onAugust12,1901toestablishanewpublicscho olsystemintheAmericanmodel, , , name Thomasite was derived from the transport vessel, the USS Thomas that brought them to the shores of Manila Bay. By 1902, there will be a total of about 1,074 stationed in the students and Thomasite teacher (arrow), 1901 Students, Philippine Normal High School, ca. 1900sThepublicschoolsystemintroducedafte rthepassageofthe TaftCommission , Karnow, Stanley. In Our Image: America s Empire inthe Philippines, Ballantine Books, Random House, Inc., March 3, 1990, ISBN 0-345-32816-7On-line Philippine Historic Past1932 (December) , , ,however, D. Roosevelt32nd President of the United States (D)InofficeMarch 4, 1933 April 12, 1945 Herbert Clark Hoover31st President of the United States (R)InofficeMarch 4, 1929 March 4, 1933 The Philippine Historic Past1934 (March24)TheTydings McDuffieAct(officiallythePhilippineIndep endenceAct;PublicLaw73-127)wasapproved,a UnitedStatesfederallaw,whichprovidedfors elf-governmentofthePhilippinesandforFili pinoindependence(fromtheUnitedStates) "PhilippineIndependencemission"toWashing ton,DCthatsuccessfullysecuredtheact' "transitionalperiod"whichbecamethegovern mentoftheCommonwealthofthePhilippinesbef orethegrantingofPhilippineindependence, of the Constitution of the Philippine Commonwealth, Washington, DC, March 23, 1935 ,SecretaryofWar;PresidentFranklinRooseve lt,signingdocuments; , , Sonia M.

9 (1994), The Philippines: A Unique Nation,All Nations Publishing Co. ISBN 971-642-071-4 Furthermore, , , Philippine Historic PastManuelQuezonwonthePhilippine' , (November15)TheCommonwealthofthePhilippi neswasofficiallyinauguratedwithQuezonasP residentoftheCommonwealthofthePhilippine sandSergioOsme , "LasIslasFilipinas"or"PhilippineIslands" oftheSpanishandAmericancolonialperiods,t othesingular,"Philippines. Manuel Luis Quezon y MolinaBorn Aug 19, 1878 Baler, Tayabas Died Aug 1, 1944 Saranac Lake, New YorkSergio Osme a y Suico Born Sep 9, 1878 Cebu CityDied Oct 19, 1961 Quezon City, PhilippinesEmilio AguinaldoGregorio AglipayThe Philippine Historic PastPre-WorldWarIIYears(1939-40). (suchastheNationalDefenseActof1935,which organizedaconscriptionforserviceinthecou ntry),greatercontrolovertheeconomy,thepe rfectionofdemocraticinstitutions,reforms ineducation,improvementoftransport,thepr omotionoflocalcapital,industrialization, andthe colonization ofMindanao, ,otheruncertainties,especiallyinthediplo maticandmilitarysituationinSoutheastAsia , ,andintheeconomyduetotheGreatDepression, ,andofpowerstrugglesbetweenOsme aandQuezon, ,November15, , , Sonia M.

10 (1994), The Philippines: A Unique Nation,All Nations Publishing Co. ISBN 971-642-071-4 The Philippine Historic Past1941 (July25) ,"Allpracticalstepsshouldbetakentoincrea sethedefensivestrengthofthePhilippineIsl ands. OnJuly31,1941thePhilippineDepartmenthad2 2,000troopsassigned,12, , , ,onDecember8,JapaneseaircraftsbombedClar kAirbase, ,FortMcKinley,1937 EstablishedasanintegralpartoftheUnitedSt atesArmy, Philippine Historic , ,andwaseventuallyoccupiedbytheJapaneseon January2, ,battlesagainsttheJapanesecontinuedonthe BataanPeninsula,Corregidor, ,August15,1941 Manila declared open city to save it from Duffy, Bernard K; Carpenter,Ronald H. (1997), DouglasMacArthur: Warrior as Wordsmith,Greenwood PressOn-line history ofthe PhilippinesThe Philippine Historic PastFebruary1942 PresidentQuezonandVicePresidentOsme awereescortedbytroopsfromManilatoCorregi dor, ,QuezonbecameillwithtuberculosisanddiedA ugust1,1944ininSaranacLake, (March12)AstheBattleofBataanragedon,Gene ralMacArthur,hisfamily,andseveralUSAFFE staffofficersleftCorregidorforMindanaoab oardfourPTboatsandwaseventuallyflowntoAu straliawherehebroadcastedtotheFilipinope oplehisfamous"IShallReturn" 'sdeparturemarkedtheendoftheUSAFFE andby22 March,thedefendingarmywasrenamedUnitedSt atesForcesinthePhilippines(USFIP) ,1942 Philippine Historic PastTheBattleofBataanrepresentedthemosti ntensephaseofJapan 'sefforttocontroltheSouthwestPacific,sei zetheresource-richDutchEastIndies, (April9)FallofBataan ,theremainingweary, , ,1942 Image retrieved :Alltold,approximately5,000 10,000 Filipinoand600 retrieved from: , Louis (First Printed 1953) War in thePacific.