Rusty Walker ,Corporate Trainer Hill PHOENIX

1 Refrigeration 101 Refrigeration 101 Refrigeration 101 Refrigeration 101 Rusty Walker , corporate TrainerHill PHOENIXC ompressorBasic RefrigerationCycleEvaporatorCondenser / ReceiverExpansionDeviceVapor Compression CycleTh MOVEMENTTh MOVEMENTTh MOVEMENTTh MOVEMENTC ooling by the removal of heatCooling by the removal of heatThe MOVEMENT The MOVEMENT of HEAT from a of HEAT from a place where it is place where it is not wanted to a not wanted to a The MOVEMENT The MOVEMENT of HEAT from a of HEAT from a place where it is place where it is not wanted to a not wanted to a ot a ted to aot a ted to aplace where it is place where

2 It is unobjectionableunobjectionableot a ted to aot a ted to aplace where it is place where it is unobjectionableunobjectionableHow Heat is RemovedWhat is heat?A form of energyWhat is cold?Absences of does heat flow?High heat to low heatDoes cold flow?NOHow is heat measured?British Thermal Unit (BTU)Heat is a form of energy and is measured in BTU Thermal UnitA BTU is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature, of one pound of (BTU)p, pwater, one degree Heat flows from high energy levels to11a lower energy Heat will not flow without a 22eatot ot out atemperature difference33333.

3 The greater the temperature difference, the faster the energy Fl Ht Fl ConvectionHeat Flows Heat Flows Three WaysThree WaysConductionConductionConductionConduc tionConductionThe transfer of heat from molecule to moleculethroughExample:Heating one end of a copper tube willmolecule through a substance by chain collisiona copper tube, will cause the other end to get transfer by the movement of molecules fromExample: Convection ovenfmolecules from one place to another. Forced air furnaceRadiationRadiationRadiationRadiat ionThe transfer of heat by passing from a source to anExample.

4 Sunlight goes through a windowsource to an absorbent surface without heating the space inthrough a window without heating the glass but heats the s rface in the roomthe space in in the room it is shinning m p e ra t u r e indicates the average velocity of the Temperaturegymoleculesof a the heat energy in a substance increasesit smoleculesvibrateincreases, it s molecules vibrate more intenselyA thermometer measures the iifhiibiintensity of this do notmeasure heat, they measure the effect of AnimationThe amount of heat (measured in BTU s) required to raise one pound of a substance one degree Heat Temp Rise (Deg F) Substance(BTU/LB/Deg F)(From 1 BTU Addition)Water (Liquid) State of a SubstancePhysical State of a SubstanceGasGasAdding heat fChanging the fLiquidLiquidenergy in any of the three states will increase the of a substance will require a larger quantity of heat EnergyThere are two types of Heat EnergyypEnergyLatent HeatSensible Heat1.

5 Is the energy of molecular a change in temperature, with2. Causes a change in temperature, withNo change in Sensible heat causes an increase inmolecular The addition or removal of sensible heat is measurablewith a thermometer1. Is the energy of molecular 11separation and Causes a change in state, while there22 Causes a c a gestate,eteeis no change In It can not be measuredwith a refrigeration works by changing theThe majority of heat is removed from theThe majority of the absorbed heat isworks by changing the state of the from the temperature controlled space as the refrigerant absorbs heat when it changes state from a absorbed heat is removed from the refrigeration system in the condenser as the refrigerant changes liquid to a gas in the from a gas back to a Compression CycleExample(Deg.)

6 F.) ( Deg. C.)No measurable 970 BTU s are required to 250212 100 Boiling WaterSteamSensible HeatLatent Heatmeasurable temperature changeMeasurable tt required to change the water to steam. i dd d 152200212 100 Sibl HeatMbl temperature change180 BTU s are Heat Energy is added to32 F. (0 C) Water (liquid)5010032 0 LiquidSensible HeatMeasurable temperature change180 BTU s are required to reach Boiling PointBTU s25100 200 400 600 800 1000 1100 120032 0 PointAdd Heat = Liquid to Vapor (Vaporization)The temperature at which a substance will h f Remove Heat = Vapor to Liquid (Condensation)change state from a liquid to a vapor or a vapor to a liquid()

7 LiquidAddition of Heat = BoilingAt a temperature equal to it s boiling point or di i Removal Heat = Condensingcondensing point, a substance can be both vapor and Liquid, no vapor presentAt a temperature bli b ili 1lb. Of water @ 200o F. What is the state of water?- Sub-cooled liquidbelowit s boiling point, a substance is:- Sub-cooled by vapor, no liquid presentAt a temperature 1lb. Of water @ 220o F. What is the state of water?- Super heated vapor (steam)aboveit s boiling point, a substance is:- Super heated by (Deg. F.) ( Deg. C.)A i t f 200250212 100 SteamSensible HeatMeasurable temperature Temperature Above 212 F.

8 (100 C) = Superheated VaporTemperature at 212 F. (100 C) = Saturated Mixture100 % vapor -There is no A mixture of vapor and below 212 F. (100 C) = Saturation Temperature of Water i F ( C) t S Ll100 % liquid There is no 0()Sub-cooled Liquidis 212 F. (100 C) at Sea Level(0 PSIG / PSIA)-There is no s25100 200 400 600 800 1000 1100 1200 Defined as a force per unit ofPressure:Defined as a force per unit of areaPSIBarsKPAHow does pressure flow?HighHighLowLowToWhat would What would happen if you take two refrigerant tanks, one with refrigerant and the Refrigerant flows from the tank with refrigerant to the tank that is in refrigerant and the other in a vacuum and connect a hose between them?

9 A vacuum, until the pressures the pressure on a substance increases, boiling temperature will increase. As pressure decreases, boiling temperature will also and boiling temperature follow each otherAt the boiling point we have bothLiquid and VaporAt the boiling point we have both Liquid and the pressure increases, saturation temperature will increase. As pressure decreases, saturation temperature will also and boiling temperature follow each otherAt the saturation temperature we have a saturated mixtureAt the saturation temperature we have a saturated mixture (both liquid and vapor are present).

10 Atmospheric PressureAtmospheric Pressure At Sea Level, the atmospheric atmospheric pressure on our bodies is PSIA. A column of air, one ,inch square and 60 miles high weighs ScalesPressure ScalesGauge ScaleAbsolute ScaleATMOSPHERE 0 PSIA(Pressure @ Sea Level)0 in in HgHg is the symbol for MVACUUM29 92 in Hg0 in in Hg0 in HgCompound GaugeCompound GaugeGauge Scale:Positive Pressure ScaleVacuum Scale (Reference Only!)Vacuum GaugeVacuum GaugeAbsolute Pressure in Absolute Pressure in microns of Hg. Mercury BarometerMercury BarometerVacuumAtmosphericColumn of mercury d b 6 Atmospheric Pressure at Sea Levelsupported by atmospheric cm760 in Hg1 inch of Hg =25,400 micronsMercuryA medium to move heatA substance thatabsorbs heat byA substance that absorbs heat by evaporatingat low temperatures and is a What is a refrigerant?