School Management - UNESCO

1 School ManagementSchool ManagementMarch 2005 March 2005 CBAUNESCO International Institute for Capacity Building in AfricaUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization A Training Manual for Educational ManagementSchool ManagementA Training Manual for Educational ManagementUNESCO International Institute for Capacity Building in Africa2005 IIPrefaceIn this Module, four different topics are discussed. Unit One is on instructional leadership. Unit Two discusses pupil Management . Unit Three highlights the concept and practice of financial Management . Lastly, the need and means of parents involvement in School affairs is presented in Unit Module aims to introduce you to most of the key concepts and some of the Management skills and approaches that you will need in instructional leadership, pupil Management , financial Management , School -parents relationship. It also contains practical suggestions and can serve as a handbook to principals, School supervisors as well as teacher trainersThe aims and objectives for each unit indicate what you should know and be able to do after studying the topic.

2 Therefore, it would be wise to go back to the objectives and check whether or not the objectives are achieved after completing a unit. activities designed to get one s reflection on the topic under discussion and/or to apply the content to a particular educational situation are also included in this Module. In using this Module, you must keep in mind the fact that there are many ways to do a thing. Therefore, you are encouraged to study, argue and discuss each topic in group, internalize the contents, find out better ways of doing things, if there are any, and apply them to the objective conditions of your schools. The Study Manual prepared by University of South Africa in 1996 was used as the main source for this Module. However, effort has been exerted to compile, extract and organize the main points from various pertinent materials in order to serve the expressed OF CONTENTS 1. Unit 1: Instructional Introduction.

3 Aspects of Instructional Leadership ..12. Unit 2: Pupil Introduction .. Pupil Management in the Context of School Management .. Students Participation in extracurricular activities .. Pupil Management and School Discipline .. Pupil Management and Team Work .. Pupil Leadership ..203. Unit 3: Financial Introduction .. Principles of Effective Education Financing and Financial Education Management .. Education Financing at Macro Level .. Financial Management in Schools ..234. Unit 4: Parent Introduction .. The Need for and the Value of Parent Involvement .. The Nature and Scope of Parent Involvement .. Parent-Teacher Partnership .. Means and the Management of Parent Involvement at School Level .. Programs for the Management of Parent Involvement ..32 IIIV1 Unit 1 Instructional LeadershipObjective:After studying this topic, you should be able to:define the nature and scope of the instructional task of a School principalillustrate the importance of the principal s task as a professional or educational leaderexplain the interrelatedness of the principal s instructional leadership task and his or her general managerial tasksmanage a School s instructional programme IntroductionThe principal is the head of the School and the guide of the students and teachers.

4 He/she should be a man with high moral standards, very polite in his/her dealings, an optimist and influential. The principal should have an interest in human beings. The principal should be a good administrator and must have professional knowledge. The principal s personality, ideals and thoughts affect all the individuals and all the activities of the School . The social prestige of the School depends on his/her , the tasks of a School principal are many and varied. The society expects a lot from the principal. He/she is expected to be a general manager, an administrator, an agent of change, a School marketer and an instructional principal s function is both extensive and intensive. The principal must serve both as a line and a staff officer. Final responsibility rests upon the principal as a line officer at the local School . As a staff officer, the principal takes primary responsibility as helper, simulator, expeditor and supervisor.

5 ACTIVITY a list of tasks of a principal you think should be performed in the course of a year in order for the School to be managed of these do you think are the most important and central responsibilities and tasks?Running effective teaching and learning is the School s primary responsibility. The excellence of a School should be measured against the quality of the teaching and learning done in a School . The effect a teacher has on the learning experiences of pupils is now and always will be the most important dimension of a School s existence. Clearly, then, a School s organization should be geared mainly to making effective teaching and learning possible. The duties of a principal are wide-ranging. He or she is responsible for the administration, organization and work processes at School . The principal is expected to play an important role in integrating and coordinating the efforts of teachers, students, personnel and parents to achieve the desired objectives of education and facilitate the over-all aspects of the teaching-learning process.

6 Thus the main responsibility of the principal is to create conditions in the School in which the pupils receive quality instruction both inside and outside the classroom. All other responsibilities are subordinate to Aspects of Instructional Leadership Successful principals provide instructional leadership. They spend more of their time working with teachers and students and less of their time in the office. They observe what is going on in the classrooms, hold high expectations for teacher performance and student achievement, and provide necessary resources, including own skills and knowledge. They are active and involved. As a result they create schools that make a positive difference in the lives of principal must aspire to excellence in education. This requires knowledge of what is to be expected from an excellent teacher. The teacher is basically required to carry out the following activities ,2 Give appropriate help and support for pupils,Plan ahead of time,Give instruction,Manage classroom, Continuously evaluate pupils progress, andServe the interests of pupils instructional leader, the principal must ensure that the above activities are performed and that any other appropriate properties of the teaching-learning situation are available to the whole School .

7 The principal stands in the position of having to know more about teaching and learning than anyone else at the School . The principal has to know what should be taught, how to make the teaching most effective, when to evaluate the results, and the best way to interpret them to students and parents. The principal must continue as a master teacher and stay one step ahead of the instructional staff. This means that the principal is expected to be a teacher of teachers . Properties of principals who are good instructional leaders:They are dedicated to the aims of the have insight into the instructional programme of the have positive relationships with teachers and show consideration for support the staff and practice participative Management , which includes teachers, pupils and the practice strong and visible mobilize aids in the attainment of the School s have high place a premium on the orderly running of the School s instructional programme and show this by not interrupting it unnecessarily.

8 The major tasks of the principal as an instructional leader are:determining objectiveprogramme coordination being didactic leaderorganizing enrichment programsundertaking evaluation and examinationstaking remedial stepscreating conducive School climateBecause of the extensiveness of the instructional programme of a School , elements of the programs are delegated to vice principals or heads of departments. Determining ObjectivesIt is the task of the principal to guide the pupils and the teachers in the School towards the realizing the School s objectives. Before aims and objectives can be formulated, clarity regarding the mission of the School should be arrived at by top Management / School board/ and the staff of the School . There should be a clear and well-articulated mission of a School . Aims and objectives of a School should then be formulated based on the mission. A principal and the staff of the School should draw up objectives your opinion, what should be the mission of every School ?

9 The School s general (broad, long- term) aims should be subdivided into clear, fully defined and attainable objectives. The broad aims should be broken down into attainable objectives that are:Intelligible,concrete and specific,acceptable,3balanced,relevant, andmeasurableExamples of general or long-term aims include the following:determining academic achievement according to abilitycreating a spirit of cooperation among pupils and staffencouraging a high degree of pupil involvementmaintaining a high School attendance rateExamples of short-term objectives include the following:to train two teams instead of one for a particular sportto attend specific courses at teaching centers in order to improve teachers teaching skills in English for Grade write two tests per subject per term in order to improve examination performance of students in math in Grade Devise long-term aims and short-term objectives on the basis of a School s mission that reads, The academic mission of St.

10 Mary Primary School is to maximize learning opportunities for each student. Instructional Programme CoordinationA School s instructional programme consists of carrying out: curricular activities , and extracurricular /co-curricular activitiesPupils spend quite a long time in School where they do different kinds of work. At School they do not only attend classes but also take part in extracurricular activities . These activities should be organized according to a feasible School timetable. The timetable is necessary for the proper Management of the affairs of a School . The work according to a fixed schedulebrings efficiency and skill;cultivates the good habit of working regularly; results in the saving and proper utilization of the time; andhelps to maintain discipline and order among the the other hand, haphazard planning of the daily schedule will result inmuch waste of time and effort by students and teachers,loss of morale throughout the School , andthe lack of confidence in the principal.