SPRAY CTG SH 07 EU ENGINEERING HANDBOOK - …

1 SPRAY ENGINEERING HANDBOOKCTG SH 07 EUTECHNICAL PUBLICATIONSPNR manufactures a complete range of SPRAY nozzles for industrial applications and many other products and systems designed according to the latest cutting-edge technologies. All our products are described in the following catalogues:PRODUCT RANGE CTG TV GENERAL PURPOSE SPRAY NOZZLES CTG UGAIR ASSISTED ATOMIZERS CTG AZCOMPLEMENTARY PRODUCTS AND ASSEMBLY FITTINGS CTG ACINDUSTRIAL TANK WASHING SYSTEMS CTG LSPAPER MILL PRODUCTS CTG PMEVAPORATIVE COOLING LANCES CTG LNSTEELWORK NOZZLES CTG SWSPRAYDRY NOZZLES CTG SDFIREFIGHTING PRODUCTS AND SISTEMS CTG FFOur technical literature is continuously revised and updated and sent to our Customers who are listed in our Catalogues Delivery List.

2 If you are interested in receiving the latest version of our catalogues, please contact the nearest PNR OF RESPONSABILITYThe information contained herein is provided as is and PNR does not guarantee the correctness and accuracy of the publication may contain technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. It may also be subject to periodic changes without prior INFORMATIONI nternational system of units 4 Prefix tables for SI units 5 Conversion table : American units to SI units 5 Conversion tables : temperature scales 6 Metric and decimal equivalents of fractions of an inch 7 LIQUID SPRAY AND SPRAY NOZZLESL iquid SPRAY 9 SPRAY nozzle types 11 SPRAY nozzle coding 13 Computerized fluid dynamics 14 SPRAY generation 15 Droplet spectrum 16 Nozzle flow rate 19 SPRAY angle 21 SPRAY distribution 23 Influence of liquid viscosity 27 Influence of liquid specific gravity 29 Jet impact 30 Pressure drop through a nozzle 32 NOZZLE MATERIALSPnr material codes 34 Properties of materials 35 Mechanical properties of materials 39 Chemical resistance of

3 Materials 40 PIPINGP ipes data 74 Economic pipe sizes 75 Pressure drop in clean steel pipes 76 Flange dimensions 78 Sieve size conversion chart 80 PNR PRODUCT RANGE SH 07 SH 07 EU3 ForewordAlong many years PNR engineers have been involved with Customers to find out the appropriate solution to specific application problems in numberless different continuous cooperation has allowed us to gather a large quantity of information regarding practical SPRAY nozzles applications, which we make available every day to our like to thank alI our Customers for their past cooperation, and for the invaluable help they have given us in designing and manufacturing an always more complete and efficient range of SPRAY nozzles and spraying make this information readily available, and improve our service, we have now decided to gather and organize it within a hope the reader will appreciate our work.

4 And welcome any suggestion or addition which may lead to improve and complete this INFORMATIONI nternational system of units 4 Prefix tables for SI units 5 Conversion table : American units to SI units 5 Conversion tables : temperature scales 6 Metric and decimal equivalents of fractions of an inch 7 GENERAL SH 07 EUDescriptionThe INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS sometimes called SI, has been defined by the International Standards Organization (ISO) and is based upon metric units. The following notes include most units which are likely to be used in handing of fluids.

5 The system consists of nine base units, and supplementary units which are coherently derived from them. The coherence con-sists in the fact that the product, or the quotient of any two unit quantities in the system result in another unit quantity. Because of the world wide trend to use this modern metric system, we are providing in the following the conversion constants for the most useful Units and derived unitsThe SI has defined the following base unit:GENERALINFORMATIONN QUANTITY UNITNAME UNITSYMBOL1 Lengthmeterm2 Masskilogramkg3 Timeseconds4 Thermodynamic temperatureKelvinK5 Molecular substancemolemol6 Electric currentAmpereA7 Light intensitycandelacd8 Plane angleradianterad9 Solid anglesteradiansrOut of these base units many other have been derived.

6 The most interesting for our purposes being listed QUANTITY UNITNAME UNITSYMBOLEQUIVALENCES10 Areasquare meterm211 Volumecubic meter m312 Densitykilogram per cubic meterKg/m313 Velocitymeter per second m/s14 Accelerationmeter per second squaredm/s215 Angular velocityradian per secondrad /s16 FrequencyHertzHzHz = cicli / s17 ForceNewtonNN = kg m/s218 PressurePascalPaPa = N/m219 Momentumkilogram meter per second Kg m/s20 EnergyJouleJJ = N m21 PowerWattWW = J/s22 Moment of forceNewton meterN m23 Kinematic viscositysquare meter per second m2/s24 Dynamic ViscosityPascal secondPa s25 Thermal conductivityWatt per meter KelvinW (m K)GENERAL INFORMATION International system of SH 07 EUGENERALINFORMATIONAMERICAN UNITCONVERSION FACTORSI UNITP ound mass/cubic meterGallons per per minute (lpm)US (I)Pound (N)BTU (British Thermal Unit)1055 Joule (J)BTU per (W)BTU per pound*deg F4184 Joule / (kg K) (micron) (mm) (m) (kW)Pounds per square (1 bar = 100 kPa)BTU per pound2326 Joule per kgLbs per per liter (kg/l)Square inch6,4516square centimeter (cm2)

7 Square foot0,0929square meter (m2)Acre0,4047hectares (ha)Foot per per second (m/sec)Foot per per minute (m/min)Miles per per hour (km/h) per hour (km/h)Cubic meter (m3)Cubic centimeter (cm3) (kg) ton (t)QUANTITYDENSITYFLOW RATEFLUID VOLUMEFORCEHEATHEAT TRANSFERSPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITYLENGHTLENGHTLENGHTPOWERPRESSUREC ALORIC VALUE ENTALPYSPECIFIC WEIGHTSURFACESURFACESURFACEVELOCITYVELOC ITYVELOCITYVELOCITYVOLUMEVOLUMEWEIGHTWEI GHTM ultiply American Units on the left (by the conversion factor) to obtain SI Units on the right. Divide SI Units on the right (by the conversion factor) to obtain American Units on the INFORMATION Prefix tables for SI unitsPrefixesSI units can be indicated together with a prefix to easily indicate very large or very small an example visible light has a wave length of approximately m (meters) which can be more easily written as 500 nm (nanometers).

8 Please note it is not allowed to use prefixes together, you cannot write m = 1da-km10nPrefixSymbolDenominationDecimal equivalent1024yottaY1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 0001021zettaZ1 000 000 000 000 000 000 0001018exaE1 000 000 000 000 000 0001015petaP1 000 000 000 000 0001012teraT1 000 000 000 000109gigaG1 000 000 000106megaMMillion1 000 000103kilokThousand1 000102ettohHundred10010decadaTen1010 1decidTenth0,110 2centicHundredth0,0110 3millimThousandth0,00110 6micro Millionth0,000 00110 9nanon0,000 000 00110 12picop0,000 000 000 00110 15femtof0,000 000 000 000 00110 18attoa0,000 000 000 000 000 00110 21zeptoz0,000 000 000 000 000 000 00110 24yoctoy0,000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 GENERAL INFORMATION Conversion table: American units to Si unitsNoteBecause of discrepancies between some denominations in English and American, we only mention the commonly used SH 07 EUThere are 4 principal types of temperature scales used for indicate the temperature: CENTIGRADE celsius , fahrenheit , KELVIN, and RANKINE.

9 Kelvin and celsius scales are used in Europe, Rankine, fahrenheit are used in Anglo-Saxons = water melting pointBP = water boiling pointGENERALINFORMATIONSYMBOLNAMEMPBPNOT ES CCentigrade01000 and 100 are arbitrarily placed at the freezing point andboiling point of water. FFahrenheit322120 F is the stabilized temperature when equal amounts ofice, water, and salt are mixed. 96 F is the temperature when the thermometer is held in the mouth or under thearmpit of a living man in good health. upon the definitions of the Centigrade scale and theexperimental evidence that absolute zero is 273,16 Cand that is an international standard temperature point.

10 Upon the definitions of the fahrenheit scale andthe experimental evidence that absolute zero is 273,16 C C F43109,444111,24511346114,847116,648118, 449120,25012251123,852125,653127,454129, 25513156132,857134,658136,459138,2601406 1141,862143,663145,464147,26514966150,8 C F67152,668154,469156,27015871159,872161, 673163,474165,27516776168,877170,678172, 479174,28017681177,882179,683181,484183, 28518586186,887188,688190,489192,290194 C F91195,892197,693199,494201,29520396204, 897206,698208,499210,2100212105221110230 11523912024812525713026