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Standard Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals ...

Designation: E 140 07 Standard Hardness Conversion Tables for MetalsRelationship Among Brinell Hardness , Vickers Hardness ,Rockwell Hardness , Superficial Hardness , Knoop Hardness ,and Scleroscope Hardness1 This Standard is issued under the fixed designation E 140; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or Standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Scope* ConversionTable 1presents data in the Rockwell Chardness range on the relationship among Brinell Hardness ,Vickers Hardness , Rockwell Hardness , Rockwell superficialhardness, Knoop Hardness , and Scleroscope Hardness of non-austenitic steels including carbon, alloy, and tool steels in theas-forged, annealed, normalized, and quenched and temperedconditions provided that they are ConversionTable 2presents data in the Rockwell Bhardness range on the relationship among Brinell Hardness ,Vickers Hardness , Rockwell Hardness , Rockwell superficialhardness, Knoop Hardness , and Scleroscope Hardness of non-austenitic steels including carbon, alloy, and tool steels in theas-forged, annealed, normalized, and quenched and temperedconditions provided that they are ConversionTable 3pres

3.1.4 Knoop HardnessTest Method E 384. 3.1.5 Scleroscope 3 Hardness—Practice E 448. NOTE 1—The comparative hardness test done to generate the conver-sion tables in this standard were preformed in past years usingASTM test methods in effect at the time of testing. In some cases, the standards have changed in ways that could affect the ...

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Transcription of Standard Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals ...

1 Designation: E 140 07 Standard Hardness Conversion Tables for MetalsRelationship Among Brinell Hardness , Vickers Hardness ,Rockwell Hardness , Superficial Hardness , Knoop Hardness ,and Scleroscope Hardness1 This Standard is issued under the fixed designation E 140; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or Standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Scope* ConversionTable 1presents data in the Rockwell Chardness range on the relationship among Brinell Hardness ,Vickers Hardness , Rockwell Hardness , Rockwell superficialhardness, Knoop Hardness , and Scleroscope Hardness of non-austenitic steels including carbon, alloy, and tool steels in theas-forged, annealed, normalized, and quenched and temperedconditions provided that they are ConversionTable 2presents data in the Rockwell Bhardness range on the relationship among Brinell Hardness ,Vickers Hardness , Rockwell Hardness , Rockwell superficialhardness, Knoop Hardness , and Scleroscope Hardness of non-austenitic steels including carbon, alloy, and tool steels in theas-forged, annealed, normalized.

2 And quenched and temperedconditions provided that they are ConversionTable 3presents data on the relationshipamong Brinell Hardness , Vickers Hardness , Rockwell Hardness ,Rockwell superficial Hardness , and Knoop Hardness of nickeland high-nickel alloys (nickel content over 50 %). Thesehardness Conversion relationships are intended to apply par-ticularly to the following: nickel-aluminum-silicon specimensfinished to commercial mill standards for Hardness testing,covering the entire range of these alloys from their annealed totheir heavily cold-worked or age-hardened conditions, includ-ing their intermediate ConversionTable 4presents data on the relationshipamong Brinell Hardness , Vickers Hardness , Rockwell Hardness ,and Rockwell superficial Hardness of cartridge ConversionTable 5presents data on the relationshipbetween Brinell Hardness and Rockwell B Hardness of austen-itic stainless steel plate in the annealed ConversionTable 6presents data on the relationshipbetween Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell superficial hardnessof austenitic stainless steel ConversionTable 7presents data on the relationshipamong Brinell Hardness , Vickers Hardness , Rockwell Hardness ,Rockwell superficial Hardness , and Knoop Hardness of ConversionTable 8presents data on the relationshipamong Brinell Hardness .

3 Rockwell Hardness , and Vickershardness of alloyed white ConversionTable 9presents data on the relationshipamong Brinell Hardness , Vickers Hardness , Rockwell Hardness ,and Rockwell superficial Hardness of wrought aluminum Many of the Conversion values presented herein wereobtained from computer-generated curves of actual test Rockwell Hardness numbers are presented to the or Hardness number to permit accurate reproduction ofthese curves. Since all converted Hardness values must beconsidered approximate, however, all converted Rockwellhardness numbers shall be rounded to the nearest wholenumber in accordance with X1-Appendix X9contain equations devel-oped from the data inTables 1-9, respectively, to convert fromone Hardness scale to another. Since all converted hardnessvalues must be considered approximate, however, all convertedhardness numbers shall be rounded in accordance with Conversion of Hardness values should be used onlywhen it is impossible to test the material under the conditionsspecified, and when Conversion is made it should be done withdiscretion and under controlled conditions.

4 Each type ofhardness test is subject to certain errors, but if precautions arecarefully observed, the reliability of Hardness readings made oninstruments of the indentation type will be found in sensitivity within the range of a given hardnessscale (for example, Rockwell B) may be greater than betweentwo different scales or types of instruments. The conversion1 These Conversion Tables are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 onMechanical Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee onIndentation Hardness edition approved Jan. 1, 2007. Published January 2007. Originallyapproved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E 140 *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United ASTM International Provided by IHS under license with ASTM Licensee=Sandia National Labs/5932237100 Not for Resale, 05/13/2007 22:49:49 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS--`,`,`,,`,,`,`,````,,`,,`,`,`-`-`,,` ,,`,`,,`---values, whether from the Tables or calculated from the equa-tions, are only approximate and may be inaccurate for Referenced standards .

5 2E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materi-alsE18 Test methods for Rockwell Hardness and RockwellSuperficial Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE92 Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Mate-rialsE 384 Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Ma-terialsE 448 Practice for Scleroscope Hardness Testing of MetallicMaterials3. methods for Hardness The Hardness readings used with these Conversion tablesshall be determined in accordance with one of the followingASTM test Hardness Test Hardness Test Hardness Test MethodE18 Scales A, B,C, D, E, F, G, H, K, 15-N, 30-N, 45-N, 15-T, 30-T, 45-T, Hardness Test MethodE PracticeE The comparative Hardness test done to generate the conver-sion Tables in this Standard were preformed in past years using ASTM testmethods in effect at the time of testing. In some cases, the standards havechanged in ways that could affect the final results.

6 For example, currentlyboth the Rockwell and Brinell Hardness standards (Test Method E 18 andE 10, respectively) allow or require the use of tungsten carbide ballindenters; however, all of the ball scale Rockwell Hardness tests (HRB,HR30T, etc.) and most of the Brinell Hardness tests preformed to developthese Tables used hardened steel ball indenters. The use of tungsten carbideballs will produce slightly different Hardness results than steel , the user is cautioned to consider these differences and to keepin mind the approximate nature of these conversions when applying themto the results of tests using tungsten carbide Apparatus and Reference The apparatus and reference standards shall conform tothe description in Test MethodsE92,E10,E18,E 384, andPracticeE Principle of Method of tests have proved that even the most reliable datacannot be fitted to a single Conversion relationship for allmetals. Indentation Hardness is not a single fundamentalproperty but a combination of properties, and the contributionof each to the Hardness number varies with the type of test.

7 Themodulus of elasticity has been shown to influence conversionsat high Hardness levels; and at low Hardness levels conversionsbetween Hardness scales measuring depth and those measuringdiameter are likewise influenced by differences in the modulusof elasticity. Therefore separate Conversion Tables are necessaryfor different Hardness Conversion values for other Metals based on com-parative test on similar materials having similar mechanical properties willbe added to this Standard as the need Significance and The Conversion values given in the Tables , or calculatedby the equations given in the appendixes, should only beconsidered valid for the specific materials indicated. This isbecause conversions can be affected by several factors, includ-ing the material alloy, grain structure, heat treatment, Since the various types of Hardness tests do not allmeasure the same combination of material properties, conver-sion from one Hardness scale to another is only an approximateprocess.

8 Because of the wide range of variation amongdifferent materials, it is not possible to state confidence limitsfor the errors in using a Conversion chart. Even in the case ofa table established for a single material, such as the table forcartridge brass, some error is involved depending on compo-sition and methods of Because of their approximate nature, Conversion tablesmust be regarded as only an estimate of comparative values. Itis recommended that Hardness conversions be applied prima-rily to values such as specification limits, which are establishedby agreement or mandate, and that the Conversion of test databe avoided whenever possible (seeNote 1).7. Reporting of Hardness When reporting converted Hardness numbers the mea-sured Hardness and test scale shall be indicated in parenthesesas in the following example:353 HBW~38 HRC!(1)8. Conversion ; Hardness scale; metallic2 For referenced ASTM standards , visit the ASTM website, , orcontact ASTM Customer Service at ForAnnual Book of ASTMS tandardsvolume information, refer to the Standard s Document Summary page onthe ASTM trademark of the Shore Instrument and Manufacturing Co.

9 , 072 Copyright ASTM International Provided by IHS under license with ASTM Licensee=Sandia National Labs/5932237100 Not for Resale, 05/13/2007 22:49:49 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS--`,`,`,,`,,`,`,````,,`,,`,`,`-`-`,,` ,,`,`,,`---TABLE 1 Approximate Hardness Conversion Numbers for Non-Austenitic Steels (Rockwell C Hardness Range)A,BRock-well CHardnessNumber150 kgf(HRC)VickersHardnessNumber(HV)Brinell Hardness NumberCKnoopHardness,Number500-gf andOver(HK)Rockwell Hardness NumberRockwell Superficial Hardness NumberSclero-scopeHard-nessNumberDRock-w ell CHardnessNumber150 kgf(HRC)10-mmStandardBall,3000-kgf(HBS)1 0-mmCarbideBall,3000-kgf(HBW)A Scale,60-kgf(HRA)D Scale,100-kgf(HRD)15-N Scale,15-kgf(HR 15-N)30-N Scale,30-kgf(HR 30-N)45-N Scale,45-kgf(HR 45-N) (739) (722) (705) (688) (670) (654) (500) (487) (475) (464) the table headings,forcerefers to total test X1contains equations converting determined Hardness scale numbers to Rockwell C Hardness numbers for non-austenitic steels.

10 Refer usingconversion Brinell Hardness numbers in parentheses are outside the range recommended for Brinell Hardness testing in of Test Scleroscope Hardness conversions are based on Vickers Scleroscope Hardness relationships developed from Vickers Hardness data provided bythe NationalBureau of standards for 13 steel reference blocks, Scleroscope Hardness values obtained on these blocks by the Shore Instrument and Mfg. Co., Inc., the RollManufacturers Institute, and members of this institute, and also on Hardness conversions previously published by the American Society for Metals and the RollManufacturers 073 Copyright ASTM International Provided by IHS under license with ASTM Licensee=Sandia National Labs/5932237100 Not for Resale, 05/13/2007 22:49:49 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS--`,`,`,,`,,`,`,````,,`,,`,`,`-`-`,,` ,,`,`,,`---TABLE 2 Approximate Hardness Conversion Numbers for Non-Austenitic Steels (Rockwell B Hardness Range)A,BRockwell BHardnessNumber,100-kgf(HRB)VickersHardn essNumber(HV)Brinell Hard-ness Number,3000-kgf,(HBS)Knoop Hard-ness Number,500-gf, andOver(HK)Rockwell AHardnessNumber,60-kgf,(HRA)Rockwell FHardnessNumber,60-kgf,(HRF)Rockwell Superficial Hardness NumberRockwell BHardnessNumber,100-kgf,(HRB)15-T Scale,15-kgf,(HR 15-T)30-T Scale,30-kgf,(HR 30-T)45-T Scale,45-kgf,(HR 45-T) 074 Copyright ASTM International Provided by IHS under license with ASTM Licensee=Sandia National Labs/5932237100 Not for Resale, 05/13/2007 22:49.