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Standard Test Methods for Deep Foundations Under Static ...

Designation: D 1143/D 1143M 07 Standard Test Methods forDeep Foundations Under Static Axial Compressive Load1 This Standard is issued Under the fixed designation D 1143/D 1143M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or Standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Scope* The test Methods described in this Standard measure theaxial deflection of a vertical or inclined deep foundation whenloaded in Static axial compression. These Methods apply to alldeep Foundations , referred to herein aspiles,that function in amanner similar to driven piles or castinplace piles, regardlessof their method of installation, and may be used for testingsingle piles or pile groups.

2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids D 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies 1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.11 on Deep Foundations. Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2007 ...

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Transcription of Standard Test Methods for Deep Foundations Under Static ...

1 Designation: D 1143/D 1143M 07 Standard Test Methods forDeep Foundations Under Static Axial Compressive Load1 This Standard is issued Under the fixed designation D 1143/D 1143M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or Standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Scope* The test Methods described in this Standard measure theaxial deflection of a vertical or inclined deep foundation whenloaded in Static axial compression. These Methods apply to alldeep Foundations , referred to herein aspiles,that function in amanner similar to driven piles or castinplace piles, regardlessof their method of installation, and may be used for testingsingle piles or pile groups.

2 The test results may not representthe long-term performance of a deep This Standard provides minimum requirements for test-ing deep Foundations Under Static axial compressive , specifications, and/or provisions prepared by a qualifiedengineer may provide additional requirements and proceduresas needed to satisfy the objectives of a particular test engineer in responsible charge of the foundation design,referred to herein as the Engineer, shall approve any devia-tions, deletions, or additions to the requirements of This Standard allows the following test procedures:Procedure AQuick TestProcedure BMaintained Test (optional)Procedure CLoading in Excess of Maintained Test (optional)Procedure DConstant Time Interval Test (optional)Procedure EConstant Rate of Penetration Test (optional)Procedure FConstant Movement Increment Test (optional)Procedure GCyclic Loading Test (optional) Apparatus and procedures herein designated optional may produce different test results and may be used only whenapproved by the Engineer.

3 The word shall indicates amandatory provision, and the word should indicates arecommended or advisory provision. Imperative sentencesindicate mandatory A qualified geotechnical engineer should interpret thetest results obtained from the procedures of this Standard so asto predict the actual performance and adequacy of piles used inthe constructed foundation. SeeAppendix X1for commentsregarding some of the factors influencing the interpretation oftest A qualified engineer shall design and approve all load-ing apparatus, loaded members, support frames, and testprocedures. The text of this Standard references notes andfootnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes andfootnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not beconsidered as requirements of the Standard . This Standard alsoincludes illustrations and appendices intended only for ex-planatory or advisory The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as Standard .

4 The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the The gravitational system of inch-pound units is usedwhen dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound(lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for massis slugs. The rationalized slug unit is not given, unless dynamic(F=ma) calculations are All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPracticeD The method used to specify how data are collected,calculated, or recorded in this Standard is not directly related tothe accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or otheruses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using thisstandard is beyond its Standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use.

5 It is theresponsibility of the user of this Standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to Referenced Standards:2D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies1 This test method is Under the jurisdiction of astm Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee on Deep edition approved Feb. 1, 2007. Published April 2007. Originallyapproved in 1950. Discontinued in August 1995 and reinstated in 2007 asD 1143 07. Last previous edition approved in 1994 as D 1143 81(1994) referenced astm standards, visit the astm website, , orcontact astm Customer Service at ForAnnual Book of ASTMS tandardsvolume information, refer to the Standard s Document Summary page onthe astm *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this astm International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rockas Used in Engineering Design and ConstructionD 5882 Test Method for Low Strain Integrity Testing ofPilesD 6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechni-cal DataD 6760 Test Method for Integrity Testing of Concrete DeepFoundations by Ultrasonic Crosshole National Standards.

6 3 ASME Gages and Gauge AttachmentsASME Indicators (For Linear Measure-ments)3. For common definitions of terms used in this standardsee TerminologyD 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock,and Contained of Terms Specific to this in-place pile,n a deep foundation unit made ofcement grout or concrete and constructed in its final location,for example, drilled shafts, bored piles, caissons, auger castpiles, pressure-injected footings, foundation,n a relatively slender structuralelement that transmits some or all of the load it supports to soilor rock well below the ground surface, such as a steel pipe pileor concrete drilled pile,n a deep foundation unit made of pre-formed material with a predetermined shape and size andtypically installed by impact hammering, vibrating, or load,n for the purpose of terminating anaxial compressive load test, the test load at which rapidcontinuing.

7 Progressive movement occurs, or at which the totalaxial movement exceeds 15 % of the pile diameter or width, oras specified by the rod,n an unstrained metal rod extendedthrough the test pile from a specific point to be used as areference from which to measure the change in the length ofthe loaded ,n a steel wire mounted with a constanttension force between two supports and used as a reference lineto read a scale indicating movement of the test Significance and Field tests provide the most reliable relationship be-tween the axial load applied to a deep foundation and theresulting axial movement. Test results may also provideinformation used to assess the distribution of side shearresistance along the pile shaft, the amount of end bearingdeveloped at the pile toe, and the long-term load-deflectionbehavior. A foundation designer may evaluate the test results todetermine if, after applying an appropriate factor of safety, thepile or pile group has an ultimate Static capacity and adeflection at service load satisfactory to support a specificfoundation.

8 When performed as part of a multiple-pile testprogram, the designer may also use the results to assess theviability of different piling types and the variability of the If feasible, without exceeding the safe structural load onthe pile(s) or pile cap, the maximum load applied should reacha failure load from which the Engineer may determine theultimate axial Static compressive load capacity of the pile(s).Tests that achieve a failure load may help the designer improvethe efficiency of the foundation by reducing the piling length,quantity, or If deemed impractical to apply axial test loads to aninclined pile, the Engineer may elect to use axial test resultsfrom a nearby vertical pile to evaluate the axial capacity of theinclined The quality of the result produced by this test method isdependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities used.

9 Agencies that meet thecriteria of PracticeD 3740are generally considered capable of competentand objective testing/sampling/ inspection/etc. Users of this test methodare cautioned that compliance with PracticeD 3740does not in itselfassure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; PracticeD 3740provides a means of evaluating some of those Test Foundation Excavate or add fill to the ground surface around the testpile or pile group to the final design elevation unless otherwiseapproved by the Cut off or build up the test pile as necessary to permitconstruction of the load-application apparatus, placement ofthe necessary testing and instrumentation equipment, andobservation of the instrumentation. Remove any damaged orunsound material from the pile top and prepare the surface sothat it is perpendicular to the pile axis with minimal irregularityto provide a good bearing surface for a test For tests of single piles, install a solid steel test plate atleast 25 mm (1 in) thick perpendicular to the long axis of thetest pile that covers the complete pile top area.

10 The test plateshall span across and between any unbraced flanges on the For tests on pile groups, cap the pile group withsteel-reinforced concrete or a steel load frame designed for theanticipated loads. Provide a clear space beneath the pile cap asspecified by the Engineer to eliminate any bearing on theunderlying ground surface. For each loading point on the pilecap, provide a solid steel test plate oriented perpendicular tothe axis of the pile group with a minimum thickness of 25 mm(1 in), as needed to safely apply load to the pile cap. Center asingle bearing plate on the centroid of the pile group. Locatemultiple bearing plates symmetrically about the centroid of thepile group. Boxes and beams may bear directly on the pile capwhen designed to bear uniformly along their contact surfacewith the To minimize stress concentrations due to minor irregu-larities of the pile top surface, set test plates bearing on the topof precast or cast-in-place concrete piles in a thin layer ofquick-setting, non-shrink grout, less than 6 m ( in) thickand having a compressive strength greater than the test pile atthe time of the test.


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