Standardization in Electric Vehicles - UC

1 Abstract- Electric Vehicles , EVs, are expected to contribute definitively to the sustainable mobility. However, in order to allow a faster market penetration, Standardization is of extreme importance. Indeed, for comfortable and secure vehicle utilization, there are many aspects of EVs that need to be standardized. The primary objective of this paper is to present, on a compact form, the Standardization framework in the field of Electric Vehicles and hybrid Electric Vehicles , the most important and urgent Standardization activities going on, and the Standardization activities in Portugal.

2 A secondary objective is to give the references allowing a non expert on standards to seek for the actualized state of the Standardization activities concerning EVs in the future. I. INTRODUCTION Electric Vehicles , EVs, are expected to contribute definitively to the sustainable mobility [1][2]. However, in order to allow a faster market penetration, Standardization is of extreme importance. Indeed, for comfortable and secure vehicle utilization, there are many aspects of EVs that need to be standardized as, for example, the plugs for charging, the chargers voltages, the communication between the vehicle and the chargers, fast charging systems and respective billing, security measures for vehicle safety and safety of persons against Electric shock, on-board Electric energy storage for propulsion and vehicle energy performance and energy measurements.

3 In this paper, the Standardization framework in the field of Electric Vehicles and hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) is firstly presented, followed by the most important and urgent Standardization activities going on, and finally the Standardization activities in Portugal are presented. II. GLOBAL Standardization AND Electric vehicle Standardization FRAMEWORK At a worldwide level, Standardization is mainly under the competence of two institutions: the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) [3], founded on 1906, and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) [4], founded on 1946.

4 A. International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC IEC is the world s leading organization preparing and publishing International Standards for all electrical, electronic and associated technologies. Its structure can be seen in Fig. 1. In 2010, it had around 174 Technical Committees (TCs) and Subcommittees (SCs). TCs report to the Standardization Management Board and can form SCs to deal with items on the TCs work programme. TC membership is composed of the IEC National Committees (NCs) that can participate in the work of any TC either as Participating members (P-Members) or Observer members (O-Members).

5 Fig. 1. IEC s structure [3] B. International Organization for Standardization , ISO Founded in 1946 in London and officially beginning its activities on 23 February 1947, in Geneva, Switzerland, ISO is the world's largest developer and publisher of International Standards, dealing with the non-electrical technologies. It is constituted by 160 national standards institutes coordinated by a Central Secretariat in Geneva. In order to avoid different acronyms in different languages it was decided to use as short name, "ISO".

6 This was derived from the Greek isos, which means "equal". The ISO structure is represented in Fig. 2 and in 2011 has nearly 220 technical committees. Fig. 2. ISO s structure [4] Standardization in Electric Vehicles Paulo G. Pereirinha1,2,3, Jo o P. Trov o1,2, 1 IPC-ISEC, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, R. Pedro Nunes, P-3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal 2 Institute for Systems and Computers Engineering at Coimbra (INESC-Coimbra), Portugal 3 APVE, Portuguese Electric vehicle Association. Participate at the Portuguese CTE 69 and CT146 C.

7 European and National level Standardization organizations Besides ISO and IEC, in the field of EVs and HEVs there are also some relevant Standardization organizations at European and National level, namely: CEN, the European Commission for Standardization . Its TC 301 Road Vehicles , is responsible for Electric road Vehicles . CENELEC, the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization . EVs are dealt with by the TC 69X Electrical systems for Electric road Vehicles . In the , the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE).

8 In Japan, the Japanese Electric vehicle Association (JEVA). In Portugal, by delegation of the Portuguese Quality Institute, IPQ, the Portuguese Electric vehicle Association, APVE, is the sector Standardization organism for Electric road Vehicles . It has two TCs: CTE 69 Electric Road Vehicles , and CT146 Electric Systems for Electric Road Vehicles . D. Electric vehicle Standardization Responsibility? An important issue appears concerning the EVs Standardization responsibility.

9 As a road vehicle , the EV (and the HEV) is under the competence of ISO, namely, of ISO TC22/SC21 Electrically propelled road Vehicles , which has three working groups (WGs): WG 1 - vehicle operation conditions, vehicle safety and energy storage installation; WG 2 - Definitions and methods of measurement of vehicle performance and of energy consumption; WG 3 - Lithium Ion traction Batteries. But, an Electric vehicle can also be considered as an electrical device, which is in the competence of IEC, namely the IEC TC69 Electric road Vehicles and Electric industrial trucks.

10 IEC TC69 has two active WGs: WG 2 - Motors and motor control systems; WG 4 - Power supplies and chargers. These two TCs, ISO TC22/SC21 and IEC TC69, have been collaborating since its foundation. Nevertheless, some discussions have arisen in the past due to various intersections on the work division by the two groups. This was solved by a consensus agreement in 1996 [5], defining the competences of the respective committees, as can be seen in Table 1. A recent ISO/IEC Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) [6][7], valid for all types of road Vehicles and respective equipments, clarified the collaboration rules and modes.